Evidence for Transliminality from a Subliminal Card-Guessing Task

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p3186 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 887-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E Crawley ◽  
Christopher C French ◽  
Steven A Yesson
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Subliminal Perception ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Target Card ◽  
Low Levels

In this experiment we sought to provide evidence for transliminality from a test of subliminal perception that was disguised as a computerised ESP card-guessing task. It was predicted that highly transliminal individuals would outperform those with low levels of transliminality when given subliminal primes or ‘clues’ to the correct choice of card, but not when no primes were given. In line with the prediction, higher levels of transliminality were found to be associated with a greater number of correct selections of the target card on the primed trials, but not on the unprimed trials. In addition, a positive correlation was obtained between transliminality and detection accuracy, suggesting that higher levels of transliminality are associated with a greater sensitivity to visual stimulation. The results are discussed with reference to the possibility that transliminality might offer an alternative explanation for some ostensibly psychic perceptual experiences if subliminally acquired material is wrongly attributed to psychic sources.

scholarly journals Political participation on Facebook during Brexit

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bossetta ◽  
Anamaria Dutceac Segesten ◽  
Hans-Jörg Trenz
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Spillover Effect ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
Political Campaign ◽  
Online Participation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Political News ◽  
The Media ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Guardian

Abstract This study investigates, over an 18-month period surrounding the 2016 Brexit referendum, the commenting activity of nearly 2 million Facebook users engaging with political news from British media or with the posts of referendum campaigns. We ask whether citizens’ engagement with political news on Facebook motivates their participation with political campaign posts, and we examine whether users commenting on campaign pages trend towards ideologically reinforcing media. Overall, we find comparatively low levels of commenting activity on the official referendum campaigns vis-à-vis the media, and the majority of users (70%) commented only once. Looking at the subset of users commenting on both page types (“cross-posters”), we identify a general spillover effect from media to campaign pages, suggesting a positive correlation between political interest and online participation on Facebook. Reverse spillover occurs immediately around and after the vote, with Remain cross-posters active on the Guardian while Leave cross-posters’ media engagement registers as more diffuse.

Low Levels of Military Threat and High Demand for Increasing Military Spending: The ‘Puzzle of Chinese Students’ Data in the Asian Student Survey of 2008

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-269
Author(s):  
EITAN OREN
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
Military Spending ◽  
Asian Students ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Asian Student ◽  
Defense Expenditure ◽  
Low Levels

AbstractThis article examines perceptions of military and defense expenditure as held by Asian students. By using quantitative data from the Asian Student Survey1of 2008 it addresses the following questions: to which areas would Asian students like to see their government allocate more or less resources and, specifically, how supportive of defense and military spending are Asian students. This study finds that data concerning one country have appeared deviant. While designating the strongest will to increase defense and military spending among all countries sampled in the survey, Chinese students from leading universities (N= 800; Pekin and Renmin universities in Beijing; Fudan University and Shanghai Jiao Tong university) also exhibit the lowest levels of perceived military threats. The rest of the paper explores the ‘puzzle’ of Chinese students by generating and testing a null hypothesis. In it, Chinese students' high demand for military spending is associated with an aggressive design, whereby anti-foreign, unilateral, and nationalist sentiments coincide. After refuting the null hypothesis, the paper advances an alternative explanation that links students' inclination with the call to modernize the People's Liberation Army.

scholarly journals Increased microsaccade rate in individuals with ADHD traits

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Panagiotidi ◽  
Paul Overton ◽  
Tom Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Core Deficit ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Microsaccades are involuntary, small, jerk-like eye-movements with high-velocity that are observed during fixation. Abnormal microsaccade rates and characteristics have been observed in a number of psychiatric and developmental disorders. In this study, we examine microsaccade differences in 43 non-clinical participants with high and low levels of ADHD-like traits, assessed with the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS, Kessler, Adler, et al., 2005). A simple sustained attention paradigm, which has been previously shown to elicit microsaccades, was employed. A positive correlation was found between ADHD-like traits and binocular and monocular microsaccade rates. No other differences in microsaccade properties were observed. The relationship between ADHD traits and microsaccades suggests that abnormal oculomotor behaviour is a core deficit in ADHD and could potentially lead to the development of a biomarker for the disorder.

scholarly journals Competitive Anxiety in Young Basketball Players from the Real Madrid Foundation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3596
Author(s):  
Gema Ortega Vila ◽  
José Robles Rodríguez ◽  
Francisco Javier Giménez Fuentes-Guerra ◽  
Jorge Franco Martín ◽  
Ana Concepción Jiménez Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Sports Training ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Real ◽  
Competitive Anxiety ◽  
Low Levels

Competition during the sports training process should aid young athletes’ overall development. The aim of this study was to ascertain the levels of competitive anxiety in athletes who practice basketball at the Real Madrid Foundation (RMF)’s Social-Sports Schools, and to analyze whether any differences exist in regard to anxiety in the various subscales that take into account gender, participation in the RMF’s internal competitions, and basketball modalities (mini basketball/basketball). The study sample consisted of 320 players (224 boys and 96 girls) belonging to the following different age groups: 8–9-year-olds, 10–11-year-olds, 12–13-year-olds, and 14–15-year-olds (M = 10.54; SD = 1.92). The Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2) was used in the version translated and validated in Spanish. It was found that the athletes displayed low levels of competitive anxiety in all three subscales. No significant differences were observed between the genders, nor between basketball modalities (mini basketball/basketball). Finally, a positive correlation was observed between the various subscales.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Mothers’ Attachment Orientations and Their Infants’ Sleep Patterns

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Cohenca-Shiby ◽  
Shiri Schonbach-Medina
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Sleep Patterns ◽  
High Anxiety ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Attachment Orientations ◽  
Attachment Orientation ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. In this paper we examine the association between mothers’ attachment style and their infants’ sleep patterns. We hypothesized that low levels of anxiety and avoidance attachment orientations would enable the mother to use more efficient strategies to put her infant to sleep, and in time the infant will assimilate these strategies and consequently develop suitable and more independent sleep routines. Participants and Measures. The 125 mothers who participated in this study completed (a) a measure of attachment orientations (b) and a measure of mother’s perception of their infant’s sleep patterns. Results. The results indicated that the greater the mothers’ avoidance attachment orientation is, the longer it takes to put the child to bed at night, the more wakeful the child is at night, and the more the night wakings are. However, for mothers with high anxiety attachment orientation, there is a positive correlation between child’s age and the time it takes to put him/her to bed, such that the older the child, the longer it takes. Conclusions. The implications of the parent strategies for putting infants to bed on infants’ sleep patterns are discussed. Suggestions for future studies examining broader implications of the results are offered.

scholarly journals RESEARCH ON AGGRESSIVENESS WITH ATTITUDES TO YOUR AND OTHER PEOPLE'S DECEPTION IN ADOLESCENCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Oleksii Chebykin ◽  
Olena Kosianova ◽  
Irina Voloshina
Keyword(s):  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Level ◽  
Critical Situations

The article deals with the problem of aggression in adolescence in the correlation with various types of deception. The use of techniques of I. P. Shkuratova ("Types of deception", "Attitude to other people`s deception", "Attitude to your deception"), Buss-Durkey Inventory intended for diagnosing aggressive and hostile reactions that allowed to identify significant positive correlation between all indicators of aggression and types of deception. It is determined that in both groups there is almost the same attitude towards other people`s deception. Thus, representatives of high and low levels of aggressiveness demonstrate an uncensorious attitude to etiquettical deception, pious fraud, fraud-fantasy, which are recognized as socially acceptable. It is established that people with a high level of aggression choose a competitive style of behavior, which is manifested in the control of the opponent's actions, pressure by all available means, the use of deception, cunning, insults, etc. Pepople with a low level of aggression tend to use avoidable and adaptive types of behavior, which are characterized by constant compliance with the requirements of the enemy, the desire to please everyone, avoiding offense, indecision in critical situations.

scholarly journals Effects of Spirituality, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices toward Anxiety Regarding COVID-19 among the General Population in INDONESIA: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3798
Author(s):  
Yohanes Andy Rias ◽  
Yafi Sabila Rosyad ◽  
Roselyn Chipojola ◽  
Bayu Satria Wiratama ◽  
Cikra Ikhda Safitri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Daily Spiritual Experiences ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Background: Currently, the determinants of anxiety and its related factors in the general population affected by COVID-19 are poorly understood. We examined the effects of spirituality, knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) on anxiety regarding COVID-19. Methods: Online cross-sectional data (n = 1082) covered 17 provinces. The assessment included the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, and the KAP-COVID-19 questionnaire. Results: Multiple linear regression revealed that individuals who had low levels of spirituality had increased anxiety compared to those with higher levels of spirituality. Individuals had correct knowledge of early symptoms and supportive treatment (K3), and that individuals with chronic diseases and those who were obese or elderly were more likely to be severe cases (K4). However, participants who chose incorrect concerns about there being no need for children and young adults to take measures to prevent COVID-19 (K9) had significantly lower anxiety compared to those who responded with the correct choice. Participants who disagreed about whether society would win the battle against COVID-19 (A1) and successfully control it (A2) were associated with higher anxiety. Those with the practice of attending crowded places (P1) had significantly higher anxiety. Conclusions: Spirituality, knowledge, attitudes, and practice were significantly correlated with anxiety regarding COVID-19 in the general population.

scholarly journals Comparison of nitration and oxidation of tyrosine in advanced human carotid plaque proteins

2003 ◽  
Vol 370 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lincoln W. MORTON ◽  
Ian B. PUDDEY ◽  
Kevin D. CROFT
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Sample Stability ◽  
Total Pool ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Human Carotid ◽  
Selection Of

The importance of reactive nitrogen species in atherosclerosis remains poorly understood, despite the semi-quantitative evidence for the presence of 3-nitrotyrosine provided by immunohistochemical staining studies. At this time, there appear to be no data describing the prevalence of nitration relative to oxidation in atherosclerotic plaque proteins. The present study used 3-nitrotyrosine and dityrosine as markers of nitration and oxidation respectively to examine the relative abundance of each process. Substantial methodological improvements were required to overcome problems associated with sensitivity and artefactual production of 3-nitrotyrosine when quantified by GLC-MS. It was shown that careful selection of hydrolysis vessel, sample reduction and the use of the oxazolinone derivative provided sample stability and exquisite sensitivity. Using these methods, it was observed that the frequency of nitration was 92±15μmol/mol of tyrosine (0.01%). Dityrosine was present at 1.5±0.14mmol/mol of tyrosine (0.30%) using HPLC/fluorescence; thus nitration accounted for approx. 3% of the tyrosine modifications measured. Given that other modifications of tyrosine are known to occur in carotid plaque proteins, the contribution of nitration to the total pool of modified tyrosine is very small. However, the possibility of metabolic processes or chemical agents modifying 3-nitrotyrosine to secondary oxidation products remains an alternative explanation for the low levels demonstrated in this study.

Association of pituitary adenoma with neuronal christoma: A TEM study

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
Eva Horvath ◽  
Kalman Kovacs ◽  
B. W. Scheithauer ◽  
R. V. Lloyd ◽  
H. S. Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Pituitary Tumor ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Secretory Neurons

The association of a pituitary adenoma with nervous tissue consisting of neuron-like cells and neuropil is a rare abnormality. In the majority of cases, the pituitary tumor is a chromophobic adenoma, accompanied by acromegaly. Histology reveals widely variable proportions of endocrine and nervous tissue in alternating or intermingled patterns. The lesion is perceived as a composite one consisting of two histogenetically distinct parts. It has been suggested that the neuronal component, morphologically similar to secretory neurons of the hypothalamus, may initiate adenoma formation by releasing stimulatory substances. Immunoreactivity for growth hormone releasing hormone (GRH) in the neuronal component of some cases supported this view, whereas other findings such as consistent lack of growth hormone (GH) cell hyperplasia in the lesions called for alternative explanation.Fifteen tumors consisting of a pituitary adenoma and a neuronal component have been collected over a 20 yr. period. Acromegaly was present in 11 patients, was equivocal in one, and absent in 3.

Low levels of Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI) in chronic liver disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A376-A376
Author(s):  
D VANTHIEL ◽  
M GEORGE ◽  
J AMIRAL
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor ◽  
Fibrinolysis Inhibitor ◽  
Low Levels
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