Trimming and production losses associated with bacterial arthritis in lambs presented to an abattoir in southern Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Lloyd ◽  
Johann Schröder ◽  
David Rutley
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Bacterial Arthritis ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Australian Standard ◽  
Production Losses

Bacterial arthritis in sheep is a painful and debilitating condition that is widespread across all sheep-raising regions and climatic zones of Australia. At slaughter, bacterial arthritis in sheep causes economic losses through the condemnation of all or parts of the carcass, as specified in the Australian Standard for the Hygienic Production and Transportation of Meat and Meat Products for Human Consumption. In this study, we investigated the economic cost of arthritis in lambs presenting to an abattoir in southern Australia using a combination of the prevalence of arthritis detected during meat inspection, condemnation rates, trim weight and carcass weight, and fat measurements. Data were collected on 354 lines of lambs representing 63287 carcasses. One hundred and sixty nine consignments, or approximately one-half of the consignments, had at least one carcass with arthritis/polyarthritis detected by meat inspection personnel. Four hundred and twenty-two, or 0.7%, of the carcasses had arthritis/polyarthritis in at least one joint. When arthritis was present, on average 2.0% of the line was affected. Three carcasses with arthritis were condemned and the remainder trimmed, with an average trim weight of 0.7 kg. In addition, arthritis reduced the growth of lambs by 1.2 kg hot standard carcass weight, approximately 2.7 kg liveweight (assuming 45% dressing percentage) and reduced fat cover by 1.8 mm.

scholarly journals Relación entre las características de los transportes, con las características nutricionales de la carne porcina destinada a consumo humano en el Valle de Aburrá, 2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Uribe ◽  
Catalina María Arango ◽  
Juan Fernando Naranjo ◽  
Ángela Maria Segura ◽  
Santiago Henao
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Nutritional Parameters ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Meat Samples

Pork meat is considered a source of high nutritional value due to its high protein content, however, transport is a critical link to generate economic losses by producing alterations in animal welfare, which have an impact on nutritional parameters, decreasing the capacity of water retention, and generating protein losses. The objective of this study was to relate the characteristics of transport, with the nutritional characteristics of pork for human consumption in the Valle de Aburrá in 2017. Three slaughterhouses of Valle de Aburrá were visited with probabilistic sampling, stratified by plant and equal affixation, obtaining information from 338 animals. The nutritional parameters of the meat samples and sociodemographic variables, infrastructure, animal welfare and driving practices in the transporters were analyzed. Chi square tests were performed for dichotomous qualitative variables, logistic regression for qualitative polytomous variables and U Mann - Whitney for quantitative variables. An association was found between several of the parameters investigated with statistically significant p values (p = 0.000), where, having no permanent water supply for the animals increases the possibility of presenting nutritionally inadequate meats 46.55 times (IC 18.08 - 120.07). It concludes that factors such as lack of water supply to pigs, poor condition of the floors and separators, lack of training in transporters, lack of supervision of animals, lack of mechanical technical certification and average speed of 80 Km/Hr are associated with the generation of nutritionally inadequate meat products.

scholarly journals Classification of Vertebral Osteomyelitis and Associated Judgment Applied during Post-Mortem Inspection of Swine Carcasses in Portugal

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1502
Author(s):  
Madalena Vieira-Pinto ◽  
Joana Azevedo ◽  
Patrícia Poeta ◽  
Isabel Pires ◽  
Lüppo Ellebroek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Vertebral Osteomyelitis ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
The Eu

Vertebral osteomyelitis (VO) it is often a suppurative lesion that, in Portugal, represents the main cause of total condemnation of slaughtered finishing pigs. Based on the EU Meat Inspection legislation, meat from generalized VO cases presenting signs of pyemia should be declared unfit for human consumption. For that reason, the main objective of this study is to establish a classification scheme to differentiate between localized and generalized VO cases using macroscopic findings and validate it based on the presence of pyemia. To assist in, a combination of macroscopic characteristics of gross lesions (e.g., presence of pyaemia-related lesions (PRL), acute/chronic characteristics of VO) was used to create a classification scheme to differentiate between localized and generalized VO cases. The scheme was applied to 40 VO cases that had been totally condemned in an undifferentiated way. In those 40 cases, histopathological analysis was used to validate acute/chronic macro-criteria, and microbiological analysis was performed to identify the pyemia cases. From the 40 selected VO cases, 20 were macroscopically classified as chronic and 20 as acute. Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ = 0.80; p < 0.001), revealed a substantial agreement between macroscopic and histopathology classification. Microbiological analyses identified 13 pyemia cases (13/40; 32.5%). Among those, 12 were macroscopically classified as acute, this association being highly significant (p < 0.001). By using the proposed VO classification scheme, 14 possible cases out of 40 could have been spared from total condemnation. This scheme can be used to harmonize the classification of VO and meat inspection decisions in Portuguese abattoirs. The output would lead to avoidance of unnecessary carcasses condemnation (food waste/economic losses), under an evidence-based approach, without compromising food safety and public health as demanded by the EU Meat Inspection legislation.

Exposure of the Gulf of St. Lawrence grey seal Halichoerus grypus population to potentially zoonotic infectious agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
CC Sauvé ◽  
A Hernández-Ortiz ◽  
E Jenkins ◽  
F Mavrot ◽  
A Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Halichoerus Grypus ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae ◽  
Public Health Significance ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Commercial Source ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The population of grey seals Halichoerus grypus in Canadian waters is currently used as a commercial source of meat for human consumption. As with domestic livestock, it is important to understand the occurrence in these seals of infectious agents that may be of public health significance and thus ensure appropriate measures are in place to avoid zoonotic transmission. This study examined the prevalence of antibodies against Brucella spp., Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, 6 serovars of Leptospira interrogans, and Toxoplasma gondii in 59 grey seals and determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the presence of these potentially zoonotic agents in specific organs and tissues of seropositive animals. The presence of encysted Trichinella spp. larvae was also investigated by digestion of tongue, diaphragm and other muscle samples, but none were detected. Seroprevalence against Brucella spp. and E. rhusiopathiae was low (5 and 3%, respectively). All 59 seals tested had antibodies against L. interrogans, but no carrier of this bacterium was detected by PCR. Seroprevalence against T. gondii was 53%, and DNA of this protozoan was detected by PCR in 11/30 (37%) seropositive animals. Standard sanitary measures mandatory for commercialization of meat products for human consumption should greatly reduce the potential for exposure to these infectious agents. However, special consideration should be given to freezing seal meat for at least 3 d to ensure destruction of tissue cysts of T. gondii.

scholarly journals The Economic Effects of COVID-19 on the Producers of Ethanol, Corn, Gasoline, and Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Schmitz ◽  
Charles B. Moss ◽  
Troy G. Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Welfare Economic ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Corn Ethanol ◽  
Empirical Estimation ◽  
Total Oil

AbstractThe COVID-19 crisis created large economic losses for corn, ethanol, gasoline, and oil producers and refineries both in the United States and worldwide. We extend the theory used by Schmitz, A., C. B. Moss, and T. G. Schmitz. 2007. “Ethanol: No Free Lunch.” Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization 5 (2): 1–28 as a basis for empirical estimation of the effect of COVID-19. We estimate, within a welfare economic cost-benefit framework that, at a minimum, the producer cost in the United States for these four sectors totals $176.8 billion for 2020. For U.S. oil producers alone, the cost was $151 billion. When world oil is added, the costs are much higher, at $1055.8 billion. The total oil producer cost is $1.03 trillion, which is roughly 40 times the effect on U.S. corn, ethanol, and gasoline producers, and refineries. If the assumed unemployment effects from COVID-19 are taken into account, the total effect, including both producers and unemployed workers, is $212.2 billion, bringing the world total to $1266.9 billion.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the carcass and quality of meat of male and female calves with different high-grain diets in confinement

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Jonatas Cattelam ◽  
Flânia Mônego Argenta ◽  
Dari Celestino Alves Filho ◽  
Ivan Luiz Brondani ◽  
Paulo Santana Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Diet Treatment ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Carcass Cuts

The goal of the present study was to evaluatecharacteristics of the carcass and meat of steers and heifers, finished in feedlots and fed different high-grain diets. Forty-five bovines were used: 21 heifers, with an initial age of 32 months and initial weight of 359.9 kg, and 24 steers, with an initial age of 20 months and initial weight of 337.6 kg, from a Charolais × Nelore crossbreed. The animals were divided among the treatments, which were defined by the energy source used in the diet: rice, white oats, or corn; seven heifers and eight steers were used per diet treatment. The animals remained confined until reaching an estimated warm carcass weight of 220 kg. The experimental design was completely randomized, with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. Weights at slaughter were higher for animals fed white oats (449.3 kg) or corn (430.4 kg) than for animals fed rice (401.8 kg). Higher carcass yields were found in corn-fed animals. Animals that received rice had lower coverfat thickness. The yields of the rib and hind-quarter commercial cuts were higher for cattle that received white oats or corn. Animals that received corn diets had greater arm circumference than animals that received white oatsand both were larger than animals that were fed rice. The tenderness (5.15 points) and palatability (5.46 points) of rice-fed animals werelower than those of animals fed white oats (5.73 and 6.40 points, respectively) or corn (6.04 and 6.45 points, respectively). Slaughter weights were similar between categories - 424.1 kg and 430.2 kg for steers and heifers, respectively. Steers had higher fore-quarter yield (38.0% vs.37.4%), whereas heifers had a greater carcass length (126.0 cm vs. 123.1 cm). The finishing of cattle with corn- or white oat-based high grain-diets yielded heavier carcasses, with adequate deposition of fat, andbetter performance of principal carcass cuts. Feeding with rice in high-grain diets produced leaner meats, but reduced carcass weight, with greater losses upon cooling and less tender meat. The production of confined heifers or steers ensures similar meat products.

scholarly journals Estimating Economic Losses Caused by COVID-19 under Multiple Control Measure Scenarios with a Coupled Infectious Disease—Economic Model: A Case Study in Wuhan, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11753
Author(s):  
Xingtian Chen ◽  
Wei Gong ◽  
Xiaoxu Wu ◽  
Wenwu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Multiple Control ◽  
Health Crisis

Background: The outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic has caused an unprecedented public health crisis and drastically impacted the economy. The relationship between different control measures and economic losses becomes a research hotspot. Methods: In this study, the SEIR infectious disease model was revised and coupled with an economic model to quantify this nonlinear relationship in Wuhan. The control measures were parameterized into two factors: the effective number of daily contacts (people) (r); the average waiting time for quarantined patients (day) (g). Results: The parameter r has a threshold value that if r is less than 5 (people), the number of COVID-19 infected patients is very close to 0. A “central valley” around r = 5~6 can be observed, indicating an optimal control measure to reduce economic losses. A lower value of parameter g is beneficial to stop COVID-19 spread with a lower economic cost. Conclusion: The simulation results demonstrate that implementing strict control measures as early as possible can stop the spread of COVID-19 with a minimal economic impact. The quantitative assessment method in this study can be applied in other COVID-19 pandemic areas or countries.

scholarly journals Fenced community gardens effectively mitigate the negative impacts of white-tailed deer on household food security

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Manning
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Deer Herbivory ◽  
Behavioural Modification ◽  
Household Food

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are large herbivores that thrive in urban and peri-urban landscapes. Their voracious appetite and ubiquity have made deer a significant threat to growing food in home and community gardens; features that often make important contributions towards household food security. Focusing on food availability, stability, utilization, and access, I outline how white-tailed deer threaten household food security. Deer threaten availability of food by widely consuming plants grown for human consumption. Deer threaten stability of household food security by causing spatially and temporally unpredictable food losses. Deer threaten utilization of food, through acting as sources of food-borne pathogens (i.e. Escherichia coli O157:S7). Deer threaten access to food by necessitating relatively high-cost economic interventions to protect plants from browsing. Although numerous products are commercially available to deter deer via behavioural modification induced by olfaction and sound – evidence of efficacy is mixed. Physical barriers can be highly effective for reducing deer browsing, but often come with a high economic cost. Users of community gardens benefit from fencing by receiving shared protection against deer herbivory at a significantly lower per capita cost. Among many other benefits, fenced community gardens are useful in mitigating the threats of white-tailed deer to household food security.

Arthritis in slaughter pigs

1991 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. V. Turner ◽  
M. G. Collett ◽  
C. M. Veary ◽  
Charlotte Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Correct Evaluation ◽  
Slaughter Pigs

Joints obtained from 192 pig carcases were examined by means of standard microbiological and macro- and histopathological procedures. Approximately 32% of the joints were considered normal; 35,5% showed lesions consistent with osteochondrosis and a non-specific synovitis was present 'in 24,4%. Only 6,1% of taints were arthritic and yielded either Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus spp. The remainder (2,30/0) had periarticular lesions such as abscesses. The study emphasises that an accurate diagnosis and correct evaluation of pig carcases showing joint lesions, is absolutely essential if a high standard of meat inspection is to be obtained and unnecessary economic losses are to be avoided.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects of fasciolosis in livers of cattle slaughtered in southern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1761-1766
Author(s):  
Lucas S. Quevedo ◽  
Fábio R.P. Bruhn ◽  
Jose L.R. Teixeira ◽  
Taina S. Alberti ◽  
Haide V. Scheid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Statistical Studies

ABSTRACT: Infection by Fasciola hepatica is an important cause of economic loss in cattle raised in Brazil and others countries. In slaughterhouses, the losses are mainly associated with condemnation of livers; however, it is believed that these losses can extend to diminished carcass yield and productivity throughout the life of the animals. Three slaughterhouses with a daily routine of approximately 15-20 cattle slaughters were monitored from July 2016 to November 2017. After sample collection, weighing, and liver assessment, statistical studies were conducted to determine disease prevalence and measurement of economic losses caused by fasciolosis through condemnation of the organ of choice of the parasite. Of the 210 livers assessed, 79 (37.6%) were condemned because of presence of F. hepatica, 87 (41.4%) were considered appropriate for human consumption, and 44 (20.9%) were considered inappropriate because of some other macroscopic lesions. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of fasciolosis, correlate epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects, and estimate the economic losses caused by the disease. It is estimated that the losses in southwestern Rio Grande do Sul state could reach R$ 36,943,532.60 (37.6%; 95% CI = 30,753,525.80 - 43,526,55.65) or US$ 11,437,626.20 (37.6%; 95% CI = 9,521,215.40 - 13,475,713.80) only because of condemnation of livers.

scholarly journals Standard as the basis for a corrosion education and certification international. Establishment of an international guide standard for Corrosion Management in industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 05005
Author(s):  
Agatha Swierczynski
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Control System ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Oil And Gas Pipelines ◽  
Large Production ◽  
Industry Sectors ◽  
Production Losses

Corrosion is still responsible for large economic losses in many and very different industry sectors like e.g. marine, refinery and petrochemistry, oil and gas pipelines or of drinking water and appearing by hot gases and combustion products in steel and concrete constructions. There are only some examples chosen. The corrosion phenomena are still a huge astonishment because of some costly repair processes and because of large production losses. The corrosion control systems existing by now help to avoid or to minimize these losses but the question still is, if the existing control system can be working better or longer. If yes, what a key can optimize the corrosion protection depending on the sector’s requirements.

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