scholarly journals Effects of Changes in Boron Nutrition on Growth and Development of Subterranean Clover

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Bouma
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Complete Solutions

In the early stages, boron deficiency had little effect on dry matter accumula-tion by the plant as a whole. Root growth, however, declined significantly and this was accompanied by an accumulation of dry matter in the leaves. At progressive stages of boron deficiency distribution of dry matter to new leaf tissue also became restricted. When plants already deficient in boron were transferred to solutions without boron, increases in dry weight of existing leaves were greater than for the corresponding plants transferred to complete solutions. However, the dry weight of leaves formed after the transfer increased at a much slower rate in the no-boron than in the complete solutions_

Copper nutrition of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. cv. Seaton Park). I. Effects of copper supply on growth and development

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Reuter ◽  
AD Robson ◽  
JF Loneragan ◽  
DJ Tranthim-Fryer
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Lateral Branches

Effects of severe and moderate copper deficiency on the development of leaves and lateral branches, on the distribution of dry weight within the plant, and on seed yield of Seaton Park subterranean clover were assessed as part of three glasshouse experiments. Copper deficiency markedly depressed top and root growth without producing any distinctive symptoms. It retarded phasic development by delaying development of leaves and lateral branches, senescence of plant parts, and flowering: it also depressed the proportion of stem plus petiole in plant tops and decreased internode elongation, pollen fertility and the number of burrs and seeds formed. As a result of its effect in delaying flowering, copper deficiency would depress seed production particularly strongly when low soil water supply shortens the growing season. The need for suitable procedures for diagnosing copper deficiency is emphasized by the lack of specific plant symptoms in this species.

The influence of seed size and depth of sowing on pre-emergence and early vegetative growth of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
JN Black
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Pot Culture

Changes in the pre-emergence distribution of dry matter in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) variety Bacchus Marsh were followed at 21°C, using three sizes of seed and three depths of sowing, ½, 1¼, and 2 in. Decreasing seed size and increasing depth of sowing both reduce the weight of the cotyledons a t emergence. Seed of the three sizes were sown a t three depths in pot culture a t staggered intervals so that emergence was simultaneous. Dry weight in the early vegetative stage was proportional to seed size, and total leaf area and leaf numbers showed similar trends. Plants of each seed size grew at the same relative rate. No effect of depth of sowing could be detected, and this was shown to be due to the cotyledon area a t emergence being constant for any given seed size, regardless of varying depth of sowing and hence of cotyledon weight. It was concluded that seed size in a plant having epigeal germination and without endosperm is of importance: firstly, in limiting the maximum hypocotyl elongation and hence depth of sowing, and secondly, in determining cotyledon area. Cotyledon area in turn influences seedling growth, which is not affected by cotyledon weight. Once emergence has taken place, cotyledonary reserves are of no further significance in the growth of the plants.

Growth and Development of Bigroot Morningglory (Ipomoea pandurata)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Horak ◽  
Loyd M. Wax
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
First Year ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Root:Shoot Ratio ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Final Harvest

Growth and development of bigroot morningglory was observed and quantified. Emergence occurred 75 ± 5 growing degree days (GDD) after seeding. Flower and seed production began 630 ± 20 GDD after emergence and continued until the first frost killed the shoots. Seedlings needed approximately 460 GDD of growth to become perennial. In the second year of growth, plants emerged in early May and flowered within 425 ± 50 GDD. Shoot dry weight accumulation in first-year plants was 3.5 g for the first 600 GDD after which a fifteenfold increase in dry weight occurred. Root growth followed the same pattern, however the large increase in dry weight occurred approximately 300 GDD later than that of the shoots. The root:shoot ratio was 0.2 to 0.3 for the first 900 GDD and increased to greater than 1.0 by the final harvest.

scholarly journals Aluminum in corn plants: influence on growth and morpho-anatomy of root and leaf

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelli Fernandes Batista ◽  
Ismar Sebastião Moscheta ◽  
Carlos Moacir Bonato ◽  
Marcelo Augusto Batista ◽  
Odair José Garcia de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Corn Plants

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the most limiting factors for productivity. This research was carried out to assess the influence of Al nutrient solution on plant height, dry weight and morphoanatomical alterations in corn (Zea mays L.) roots and leaves. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with five treatments consisting of Al doses (0, 25, 75, 150, and 300 µmol L-1) and six replications. The solutions were constantly aerated, and the pH was initially adjusted to 4.3. The shoot dry matter, root dry matter and plant height decreased significantly with increasing Al concentrations. Compared to the control plants, it was observed that the root growth of corn plants in Al solutions was inhibited, there were fewer lateral roots and the development of the root system reduced. The leaf anatomy of plants grown in solutions containing 75 and 300 µmol L-1 Al differed in few aspects from the control plants. The leaf sheaths of the plants exposed to Al had a uniseriate epidermis coated with a thin cuticle layer, and the cells of both the epidermis and the cortex were less developed. In the vascular bundle, the metaxylem and protoxylem had no secondary walls, and the diameter of both was much smaller than of the control plants.

The effect of autotetraploidy in five varieties of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.).

1954 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 356 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM Hutton ◽  
JW Peak
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Induced autotetraploidy in the Dwalganup variety of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) resulted in total dry weight increases of 60 and 65.5 per cent. at flowering and maturity respectively. In the other four varieties the tetraploids had decreased yields of dry matter compared with the diploids, although the decreases for leaf weights at flowering were nonsignificant in Mount Barker and Tallarook, as was the total dry weight reduction in Tallarook at maturity. There were no significant differences between the diploids and tetraploids in percentage moisture content. When early development was stimulated by growth in a glass-house, the tetraploids of all varieties showed a significant increase in yield of green matter. The level of increased growth was maintained only in Dwalganup, and decreased in other varieties during flowering. An analysis was made of the way in which the different plant parts mere changed by tetraploidy. Where decreased growth occurred, the leaves and stems were coarser. In all varieties a reduced seed-setting followed autotetraploidy, although in Dwalganup the yield of seed per plant was not affected.

Quantifying pasture dry matter responses to applications of potassium fertiliser for an intensively grazed, rain-fed dairy pasture in south-western Australia with or without adequate nitrogen fertiliser

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. A. Bolland ◽  
I. F. Guthridge
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Soil Test K

Rain-fed dairy pastures on sandy soils common in the high rainfall (>800 mm annual average) Mediterranean-type climate of south-western Australia comprise the annual species subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and annual and Italian ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud. and L. multiflorum Lam.). In wet years, clover becomes potassium (K) deficient and shows large dry matter (DM) responses to applied fertiliser K due to leaching of K in soil by rainfall. In contrast, ryegrass rarely shows DM responses to applied K. Many dairy pastures in the region are now intensively grazed to maximise pasture use for milk production, and nitrogen (N) fertiliser is applied after each grazing. It is not known if frequent applications of fertiliser N to these pastures changes pasture DM responses to applied K. Therefore, a long-term (2002–07) field experiment was undertaken on an intensively grazed dairy pasture in the region to quantify pasture DM responses to applied fertiliser K with or without applications of adequate fertiliser N (141–200 kg N/ha per year). Soil samples (top 10 cm of soil) were collected from each plot of the experiment each February to measure soil test K by the standard Colwell sodium bicarbonate procedure used for both K and phosphorus soil testing in the region. When no N was applied, pasture comprised ~70% (dry weight basis) clover and 25% ryegrass, compared with ~70% ryegrass and 25% clover when adequate N was applied. Significant linear responses of pasture DM to applied K occurred in 3 of the 6 years of the experiment only when no N was applied and clover dominated the pasture. The largest response varied from ~1.7 to 2.0 t/ha DM consumed by dairy cows at all grazings in each year, giving a K response efficiency of between 8 and 10 kg DM/ha per kg K/ha applied. Significant pasture DM responses to applied N occurred at all grazings in each year, with ~2–3 t/ha extra DM consumed by dairy cows at all grazings in each year being produced when a total of 141–200 kg N/ha was applied per year, giving an N response efficiency of ~7–19 kg DM/ha per kg N/ha applied. Soil test K values were very variable, attributed to varying proportions of soil samples per plot collected between and within cow urine patches, containing much K, arbitrarily deposited on experimental plots during grazing. Soil test K values were not significantly affected by the rates of K applied per year. A re-evaluation of results from the major soil K test study conducted for pastures in the region confirm that ryegrass rarely showed DM responses to applied K, and that for clover, soil K testing poorly predicted the likelihood of K deficiency in the next growing season.

Optimizing growth and development of 2-0 Douglas-fir seedlings by altering light intensity

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan P. Drew
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Planting Stock

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsitgamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were grown outdoors in pots under 71% of full light the first growing season and full light the second. Another group of seedlings was given full light continuously for 2 years. At the end of the 1st year, seedlings given initial shade had grown larger in total weight (root + shoot) than those grown under full light. With removal of shading, the larger plants with lower shoot/root ratios began to allocate increased dry matter to root development relative to their shoots. By the end of 2 years, shoot/root ratios for the two groups were no different, yet the plants shaded in their 1st year were 69% larger in dry weight. By proper use of shading during development, larger 2-0 planting stock having good root development may be produced. Such stock, grown without the use of costly fertilizer, may be better suited to regeneration of droughty sites in the Northwest than the usual 2-0 planting stock, nursery grown under full light.

scholarly journals Performance of Tissue-cultured Primocane-fruiting Red Raspberries Following Chilling

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 590-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Privé ◽  
J. Alan Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Individual Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Total Plant

Growth rates for two types of tissue-cultured plant stock for `Heritage', `Ruby', and `Redwing' red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) were examined. Actively growing plantlets from the greenhouse (G) were compared to cold-treated (CT) plantlets from cold storage. The greatest differences between these two occurred during the first 6 weeks after planting. At 4 weeks, CT plants for all cultivars had longer canes and internodes, sometimes twice that of G plants. Although `Heritage' had greater total plant dry weights following chilling, `Ruby' and `Redwing' had less. Chilling had no effect on `Heritage' root growth but did reduce root dry weight for `Redwing' and `Ruby'. Relative growth rate (RGR) and leaf area ratio (L-AR) were more effective variables for analyzing growth as they considered differences in initial biomass and cane number and provided a better representation of the data during the initial 6 weeks of growth. All cultivars showed a greater total plant RGR and LAR for the CT plants at 6 weeks. During the first 4 weeks, the G plants were more efficient producers of root dry matter while the CT plants were more efficient producers of cane dry matter. By 6 weeks, the G plants had partitioned a greater percentage of their assimilates into cane growth while the leaves, canes, and roots of the CT plants contributed equally to total RGR. No difference in total or individual component RGR was observed after 6 weeks.

scholarly journals The Role of Leaves and Carbohydrates in Flowering of Protea cv. Lady Di

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 905-908
Author(s):  
Audrey I. Gerber ◽  
Karen I. Theron ◽  
Gerard Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Inflorescence Development ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Early Stages

Inflorescence initiation in Protea cv. Lady Di (P. magnifica Link × P. compacta R. Br.) occurs predominantly on the spring growth flush when it is subtended by one or more previous growth flushes. Mature, over-wintering leaves are essential for induction of flowering in `Lady Di', and are also crucial to the early stages of inflorescence initiation and differentiation. Defoliation before elongation of the spring growth flush was complete prevented flowering, and shoots either remained vegetative or produced inflorescences that aborted. Levels of carbohydrates in the stem and leaves of overwintering shoots were low, and early growth and development of both the spring flush and inflorescence were, therefore, supported by current photosynthates from the mature leaves on the overwintering shoot. Likewise, reserve carbohydrates available in the flowering shoot were insufficient to account for the rapid increase in dry weight during the major portion of growth of the spring flush and inflorescence. This increase occurred after elongation of the spring flush was complete and was supported by current photosynthates from the leaves of the spring flush. Defoliation treatments that did not prevent inflorescence initiation had no effect on inflorescence development or on flowering time.

The effect of copper supply on vegetative and seed yield of pasture legumes and the field calibration of a tissue test for detecting copper deficiency. I. Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum and Trifolium yanninicum)

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Pasture Legumes

Three cultivars of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. cvv. Woogenellup, Nungarin; Trifolium yanninicum cv. Trikkala) were grown on three copper-deficient soil types at seven rates of copper, applied at sowing, to determine their vegetative and seed yield response to copper fertilizer.On two soil types, symptoms of copper deficiency were apparent where no copper was supplied. On the third, symptoms appeared only in one season, after the site was waterlogged. On the three soil types, the symptoms disappeared when 0.125 kg Cu/ha was applied at sowing. although at this rate vegetative and seed yields were reduced by as much as 44% and 59% respectively.The proposed critical concentration range in youngest open leaf tissue for both diagnosing maximum vegetative dry matter and predicting maximum seed yield is 3.0-4.5 mg Cu/kg for Woogenellup and Nungarin subterranean clover. Trikkala subterranean clover had higher critical concentration ranges for diagnosing maximum vegetative dry matter (4.0-6.0 mg Culkg) and predicting maximum seed yield (4.5-7.0 mg Cu/kg). It was not clear whether this difference was due to a higher internal requirement for copper of Trikkala or overlying environmental conditions affecting the external copper supply at the time of sampling.For whole top tissue (WT), there was no difference in the critical concentration range between the three cultivars for diagnosing maximum vegetative yield (3.0-4.0 mg Cu/kg). However, the critical concentration in WT for predicting maximum seed yield was higher for Trikkala (5.0-6.0 mg Cu/kg) than Woogenellup and Nungarin (3.5-4.5 mg Cu/kg). In the pasture situation, a critical concentration of 5.0-6.0 mg Cu/kg in the WT should be adopted when animal requirement is considered.Seed copper concentration for predicting maximum seed or vegetative yield was not a reliable indicator of copper status of subterranean clover.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document