Determining reference conditions for management and restoration of temperate grassy woodlands: relationships among trees, topsoils and understorey flora in little-grazed remnants

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. Prober ◽  
Ian D. Lunt ◽  
Kevin R. Thiele
Keyword(s):  
Reference Conditions ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Landscape Degradation ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Temperate grassy woodlands were once widespread and dominant in many agricultural regions of south-eastern Australia. Most are now highly degraded and fragmented and exist within a context of broadscale landscape degradation. Greater understanding of natural processes in these woodlands is needed to benchmark management and restoration efforts that are now critical for their ongoing survival. We studied physical and chemical properties of topsoils from rare, little-grazed remnants of grassy Eucalyptus albens Benth. and E. melliodora Cunn. ex Schauer woodlands in central New South Wales and examined natural patterns in topsoil properties and understorey flora in relation to trees and canopy gaps. Topsoils were generally low in available macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur), but were favourable for plant growth in most other measured characteristics. Topsoils beneath trees were notably more fertile than in open areas, particularly in total carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and salinity. Higher nutrient concentrations, particularly of available phosphorus, may have contributed to patterns in understorey dominants, with Themeda australis (R.Br.) Stapf predominating in open areas and Poa sieberiana Spreng. beneath trees. Trees were also associated with a higher native-plant richness, possibly resulting from their influence on the competitive dynamics of the dominant grasses. We discuss the implications of these interactions for the use of burning, grazing and slashing in woodland management and re-establishment of native grasses and trees in restoration efforts.

Soils of the Poplar Box (Eucalyptus populnea) communities of Eastern Australia.

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Webb ◽  
PJ Walker ◽  
RH Gunn ◽  
AT Mortlock
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
New South ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Eucalyptus Populnea ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Information on the soils of recognized poplar box (Eucalyptus populnea) communities has been collated from published and unpublished reports. Major soils have been described briefly in terms of morphology and some physical and chemical properties. Site data from a number of previous surveys was used in an attempt to identify soil type/vegeration relationships. Poplar box occurs on a very \\'ide range of soil types. Approximately half of the 1500 sites described in Queensland and New South Wales were on duple\ soils. The data indicate that poplar box prefers lighter textured soils such as uniform sands and massive earths in the western areas of its distribution but in the eastern, more mesic areas il occurs mainly on duplex clay soits.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Copper in Soil and its Dependence on Physical and Chemical Properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vítězslav Vlček ◽  
Miroslav Pohanka
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Copper Adsorption ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil samples (n = 11) were collected in the chernozem areas of the Czech Republic (the Central Europe) from the topsoil and used as representative samples. All sampling areas have been used for agricultural purposes (arable soil) and they were selected as typical representatives of agricultural soil. These samples represented the soil with same genesis (to reduction differencies between soil types) but with different soil properties (physical and chemical). Complete chemical and physical analyses were made for confirmation of copper adsorption on solid phase: we analysed the particle size distribution, content of oxidizable carbon (Cox), the cation exchange capacity (CEC), supply of exchange calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus and potassium, soil reaction and the total supply of Fe, Al, Mn, Ca, Mg, K, P and N. The strongest simple correlation between analysed soil properties and copper concentration had content of available magnesium (r = 0.44) and available phosphorus (r = −0.51). In the case of multiple correlations (i. e. collective influence of multiple soil properties) had the strongest influence combination of clay, soil reaction, total content of phosphorus, available magnesium and available phosphorus. The main influence of phosphorus and magnesium is evident. We suppose that copper and phosphorus enter into specific complex. Influence of these five soil properties can explain 92.7 % (r = 0.927) changes in the content of copper changes in the experiment.

scholarly journals Pepper root rot resistance and pepper yield are enhanced through biological agent G15 soil amelioration

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11768
Author(s):  
Xuejiang Zhang ◽  
Dazhao Yu ◽  
Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Agent ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
And Control ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Total Potassium ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Pepper root rot is a serious soil-borne disease that hinders pepper production, and efforts are being made to identify biological agents that can prevent and control pepper root rot. Our group recently discovered and produced a biological agent, named G15, which reduces the diversity and richness of fungi and bacteria when applied to pepper fields. In the soil of the G15-treatment condition, the pathogenic fungus Fusarium was inhibited, while the richness of beneficial bacteria Rhodanobacter was increased. Also, the ammonia nitrogen level was decreased in the G15-treatment soil, and the pH, total carbon, and total potassium levels were increased. Compared to the control condition, pepper yield was increased in the treatment group (by 16,680 kg acre−1). We found that G15 could alter the microbial community structure of the pepper rhizosphere. These changes alter the physical and chemical properties of the soil and, ultimately, improve resistance to pepper root rot and increase pepper yield.

scholarly journals Physical and chemical properties of soils in different physiographic environments in the southern Amazonas region

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Barros Nascimento ◽  
Milton César Costa Campos ◽  
Bruno Campos Mantovanelli ◽  
Luís Antônio Coutrim dos Santos ◽  
José Mauricio Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Density ◽  
Broad Class ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The Amazon region has a great diversity of landscapes such as forests galleries, natural fields (“Cerrados Amazônicos”), dense forest, these environments made possible the formation of a broad class of soils over time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of soils in different physiographic environments in southern Amazonas, Brazil. Three areas of representative physiographies were selected, all of them in natural conditions: natural field / forest and floodplain / dry land transitions, and corrugated relief areas. Soil samples were collected in layers of 0.0 to 0.20 and 0.80-1.0 m. From the samples collected the following physical analyzes were performed: particle size, bulk density, particle density, total porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity; and chemical: exchangeable calcium, magnesium, aluminum and potassium available, phosphorus, potential acidity, pH and organic carbon. Based on the results of chemical analysis were calculated the sum of bases and base saturation. The results were submitted to multivariate statistics analysis, at the discretion of the principal component analysis (PCA). From the results it is clear that different physiographic environments studied influence the formation of different soil classes, featuring the diversity of Amazonian soils. The PCA allowed the distinction and formation of different similarity groups, thus enabling to relate the physical and chemical properties with the physiographic formation in which they are inserted.

scholarly journals Comparison among Different Rewetting Strategies of Degraded Agricultural Peaty Soils: Short-Term Effects on Chemical Properties and Ecoenzymatic Activities

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1084
Author(s):  
Vittoria Giannini ◽  
Eleonora Peruzzi ◽  
Grazia Masciandaro ◽  
Serena Doni ◽  
Cristina Macci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peat Soil ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Peatland Restoration ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wetland System ◽  
Set Up

In 2013, a pilot experimental field of about 15 ha was set up within the basin of Lake Massaciuccoli (Tuscany, Italy) in order to compare different management strategies—a paludicultural system (PCS), a constructed wetland system (CWS), a nearly-natural wetland system (NWS)—for peatland restoration after almost a century of drainage-based agricultural use (CS). After five years, changes in peat soil quality were investigated from a chemical, biochemical, and ecoenzymatic perspective. The soil in CS was mainly characterized by oxidant conditions, higher content of overall microbial activity, low levels of easily available phosphorus for vegetation, and medium total carbon content ranging from 25.0% to 30.7%. In PCS, the levels of total carbon and the content of bioavailable P were higher, while the oxidant conditions were lower compared to the other systems. As expected, the soils in CWS and NWS were characterized by the most reduced conditions and by the highest levels of arylsulphatase activity. It was noteworthy that soils in the NWS systems were characterized by the highest level of nonavailable P. Outputs from ecoenzymatic activity confirmed the physico-chemical and biochemical results.

scholarly journals Three Invasive Tree Species Change Soil Chemistry in Guam Forests

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Marler
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Invasive Tree ◽  
Invasive Tree Species ◽  
Forms Of Carbon

Research Highlights: Established stands of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv., and Vitex parviflora Juss. modified soils in Guam’s limestone forests, reducing storage pools of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Background and Objectives: Invasive plants may engineer negative changes in ecosystem properties. This study was conducted to determine changes in soil chemistry following infestations of three problematic tree species on Guam. Materials and Methods: Minerals, metals, and mineralization dynamics were measured in invaded sites and paired sites with biodiverse native tree cover. Results: Most soil properties were significantly changed by long-term infestations of the invasive tree species. The soils within invaded sites exhibited total carbon, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus that were less than native sites. In contrast, the carbon/nitrogen ratio increased for every species-site combination. The other chemical properties were idiosyncratic among the sites and species. Conclusions: Mitigation and restoration activities that include the removal of these trees from project sites may require many years for the below-ground ecosystems to return to their native state. These three invasive trees decrease the ability of Guam soils to sequester recalcitrant forms of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

scholarly journals Effects of pyrolysis parameters on the yield and properties of biochar from pelletized sunflower husk

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wystalska ◽  
Krystyna Malińska ◽  
Renata Włodarczyk ◽  
Olga Chajczyk
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Pyrolysis of biomass residues from agriculture and food processing industry allows production of biochars with diverse physical and chemical properties for a wide range of applications in agriculture and environmental protection. Biochars produced from pelletized sunflower husks through slow pyrolysis in the range of temperatures (480–580°C) showed total carbon of 70.53%–81.96%, total nitrogen of 1.2%, alkaline pH (9.37–10.32), low surface area (0.93–2.91 m2 g-1) and porosity of 13.23–15.43%. Higher pyrolysis temperatures resulted in lower biochar yields. With the increase in temperature the content of organic matter, nitrogen, Ca and Mg decreased whereas the increase in temperature resulted in higher contents of total carbon and phosphorus. Produced biochars showed potential for agricultural applications.

scholarly journals Does thermal carbonization (Biochar) of organic material increase more merits for their amendments of sandy soil?

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 535-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wu ◽  
G. Xu ◽  
J. N. Sun ◽  
H. B. Shao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Available P ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Furfural Residue ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract. Organic materials (e.g. furfural residue) are generally believed to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soils with low fertility. Recently, biochar have been received more attention as a possible measure to improve the carbon balance and improve soil quality in some degraded soils. However, little is known about their different amelioration of a sandy saline soil. In this study, 56d incubation experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of furfural and its biochar on the properties of saline soil. The results showed that both furfural and biochar greatly reduced pH, increased soil organic carbon (SOC) content and cation exchange capacity (CEC), and enhanced the available phosphorus (P) in the soil. Furfural is more efficient than biochar in reducing pH: 5% furfural lowered the soil pH by 0.5–0.8 (soil pH: 8.3–8.6), while 5% biochar decreased by 0.25–0.4 due to the loss of acidity in pyrolysis process. With respect to available P, 5% of the furfural addition increased available P content by 4–6 times in comparison to 2–5 times with biochar application. In reducing soil exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), biochar is slightly superior to furfural because soil ESP reduced by 51% and 43% with 5% furfural and 5% biochar addition at the end of incubation. In addition, no significant differences were observed between furfural and biochar about their capacity to retain N, P in leaching solution and to increase CEC in soil. These facts may be caused by the relatively short incubation time. In general, furfural and biochar have different amendments depending on soil properties: furfural was more effectively to decrease pH and to increase available P, whereas biochar played a more important role in increasing SOC and reducing ESP of saline soil.

scholarly journals Variability in the Physical and Chemical Properties of Retail Potting Media

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 752-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Wiberg ◽  
Richard Koenig ◽  
Teresa Cerny-Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Salt Lake ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Salt Lake City ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Lake City ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Popular press articles report that consumers often experience inconsistent results with retail potting media; however, few reports in the popular or scientific literature have quantified the variability in media properties. The purpose of this study was to assess the variability in physical and chemical properties among different brands of retail potting media and within certain brands. Twenty-four different packages of branded media, and multiple packages of five brands, were acquired from nine regional and national retail chain stores located in the Salt Lake City, Utah, area. Samples were analyzed for five physical and nine chemical properties. The coefficients of variation (cvs) among brands for initial gravimetric water content, bulk density, porosity, water retention, and air space were 85%, 74%, 21%, 59%, and 44%, respectively. The cvs among brands for saturated media (SM) pH, SM extract electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), total carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), and C:N ratio were 18%, 81%, 132%, 153%, 96%, 78%, 71%, 36%, 45%, and 49%, respectively. Only one of the 24 brands met all published standards for chemical properties of premium media. Thirteen of the brands did not meet standards for NO3-N; 12 did not meet standards for pH; and six did not meet standards for EC. There was more variation in physical and chemical properties among brands than within a brand of media. Label information describing media composition was not consistent with certain physical and chemical properties. No recommendations can be made which would allow consumers to select media that meets published standards. These results indicate better awareness of and/or adherence to standards is needed by the retail media industry to improve product quality and consistency.

scholarly journals Effects of Continuous Cropping of Dictyophora on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties, Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 214-220
Author(s):  
Long Tong ◽  
◽  
Hongyan Li ◽  
Xiaoming Liu ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The continuous obstacle of Dictyophora indusiata has become the one of the main factors affecting the healthy development of D. indusiata industry. In order to study the effects of continuous cropping of D. indusiata on the soil environment, four treatments were used in this study: no planted (CK), planted for 1 years (1Y), continuous cropping for 2 years (2Y) and continuous cropping for 3 years (3Y), to determined of the yield of D. indusiata, soil physical and chemical properties, microbial content and enzyme activity. The results showed that the yield and soil pH value decreased with the increase of continuous cropping years, and the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium, C/N and C/P also increased with the increase of continuous cropping years. Soil availability decreased with the increase of continuous cropping years, the content of alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium decreased by 12.25%, 28.91% and 24.86% at 3Y compared with 1Y, respectively. The biomass of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi and the total amount of microorganism in soil increased at 1Y compared with CK, but with the increase of continuous cropping years, the biomass of bacteria and actinomycetes and the total amount of microorganism decreased significantly, while the biomass of fungi increased significantly; the continuous cropping of D. indusiata also decreased the value of bacteria/fungi in soil. The enzyme activities of the soil were higher than those of the unplanted plots, however, the activities of urease, catalase, peroxidase, sucrase, phosphatase and protease decreased with the increase of continuous cropping years. In a word, with the increase of continuous cropping, the acidity of rhizosphere soil increased, the availability of soil nutrients and the activity of soil enzymes decreased, the biomass of soil microorganisms, bacteria and actinomycetes decreased. However, the increase of fungal biomass led to the decline of soil texture.

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