The effect of level of intake and forage quality on methane production by sheep

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Molano ◽  
H. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Vegetative Phases

In an experiment to determine the effect of level and quality of forage intake on methane (CH4) emissions, 16 wether lambs were allocated over two periods to two dietary treatments consisting of ryegrass at two stages of physiological maturity: an advanced stage of flowering and seeding (reproductive phase) and before flowering (vegetative phase). Additionally, in each period the lambs were divided into four groups and fed differing levels of food, from three-quarters maintenance to twice maintenance, to ensure a range of dry matter intakes amongst lambs. Apparent in vivo digestibility was measured and the mean values were 62.5% and 75.3% (s.e.d. = 0.84) for reproductive and vegetative ryegrass, respectively. Methane emissions were measured with the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique. Daily methane emission was highly correlated with the amount of dry matter intake (DMI) (R2 = 0.83) and the regression was similar for both types of feed. Mean CH4 emissions per unit of DMI were 23.7 and 22.9 g/kg DMI (s.e.d. = 0.59) for reproductive and vegetative phases of ryegrass, respectively. The CH4 emissions per unit of DMI were not related to either level of DMI or diet quality.

Within- and between-animal variance in methane emissions in non-lactating dairy cows

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Vlaming ◽  
N. Lopez-Villalobos ◽  
I. M. Brookes ◽  
S. O. Hoskin ◽  
H. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Tracer Technique ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle ◽  
Over Time

Several studies on methane (CH4) emissions have focussed on selecting high and low CH4-emitting animals. One challenge faced by this work is the lack of consistency, or repeatability, in animal rankings over time. Repeatability for individual animals over time needs to be high to reliably detect high and low CH4-emitting animals. A possible explanation for the lack of repeatability is a relatively high within-animal variation in daily CH4 emissions, meaning that animals could then change their ranking when compared at different points in time. An experiment was undertaken with four non-lactating dairy cattle to assess the within- and between-animal variation in CH4 emissions over time when measured using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique. Two contrasting diets were fed to the cattle at maintenance energy levels: lucerne silage (diet 1) and a cereal + lucerne + straw mixed ration diet (diet 2). Daily CH4 measurements were undertaken for 23 days on diet 1 and 30 days on diet 2. There was a significant (P < 0.001) difference between diet 1 and diet 2 in daily CH4 production, with mean (±s.e.) production of 124.3 (11.1) g CH4/day from diet 1 and 169.8 (±11.0) g CH4/day from diet 2. Lower CH4 yield (g CH4/kg dry matter intake) was recorded on diet 1 (22.8 ± 2.0) than diet 2 (32.0 ± 2.0). Cows differed significantly (P < 0.05) from one another in daily CH4 yield (diet 1: cow 1 = 19.4 ± 0.6, cow 2 = 22.2 ± 0.8, cow 3 = 23.2 ± 0.7, cow 4 = 25.4 ± 0.6; diet 2: cow 1 = 26.0 ± 0.7, cow 2 = 36.4 ± 0.7, cow 3 = 29.3 ± 0.7, cow 4 = 36.6 ± 0.7). Variances for daily CH4 yield were smaller for diet 1 (within animal = 6.91, between animals = 6.23) than for diet 2 (within animal = 10.09, between animals = 27.79). Estimates of repeatability (variation between animals/total variation) for daily CH4 yield were 47 and 73% in diet 1 and 2, respectively. Coefficients of variation in average daily CH4 emissions in this experiment ranged from 8 to 18% despite the fact that each animal received the same quantity and quality of feed each day. While further research is required, the high within-animal variability in CH4 emissions measured using the SF6 tracer technique may explain why there has been difficulty in obtaining consistent rankings in CH4 yields when animals are measured on multiple occasions. The results also suggest that the SF6 tracer technique may exaggerate apparent between animal differences in CH4 emissions.

Methane emissions from young and mature dairy cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Ramírez-Restrepo ◽  
H. Clark ◽  
S. Muetzel
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Tracer Technique ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Mean

Daily methane (CH4) emissions (g) and CH4 yield (g/kg dry matter intake) were measured from 10 dairy heifers (<1 year old) and nine rumen-fistulated cows (>6 years old) fed ryegrass (Lolium perenne) chaffage indoors. The CH4 emissions were estimated using the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique in four ~5-day periods beginning in June 2008 and repeated 4, 6 and 7 months later. Respiratory chambers were used in four ~13-day periods beginning in November 2008 and repeated 2, 5 and 6 months later. Third and fourth sulfur hexafluoride tracer periods overlapped with the first and second chamber measurement periods, respectively. Averaged over the four measurement periods the CH4 yields determined using both techniques were similar for heifers and cows. The mean CH4 yield estimated by the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique was 25.3 ± 0.52 for heifers and 24.1 ± 0.55 for mature cows, whereas the mean CH4 yield measured in respiratory chambers was 23.7 ± 0.66 for heifers and 23.6 ± 0.66 for mature cows. Averaged over the eight measurements irrespective of technique, CH4 yields for heifers (24.5 ± 0.42) and cows (23.8 ± 0.43) were similar. There was also no difference between CH4 methods for assessing CH4 yield during the overlapping measurement periods. It was concluded that no consistent differences in CH4 yield existed between heifers and mature cows. Therefore, we do not recommend adoption of an age-related emission factor for cattle in the national inventory calculations for New Zealand.

scholarly journals Kajian Mutu dan Palatibilitas Silase dan Hay Ransum Komplit Berbasis Sampah Organik Primer pada Kambing Peranakan Etawah

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusmadi Yusmadi ◽  
Nahrowi Nahrowi ◽  
Muhammad Ridla
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Measuring Ph

The quality and palatibility of silage and hay complete ration based on organic primer garbage in peranakan etawah (PE) poadABSTRACT. This research was conducted to study the quality and palatability of silage and hay complete ration based on organic primer garbage in nine heads of Peranakan Etawah (PE) Goat. The quality of silage and hay was evaluated By measuring pH, total number of lactic acid Bacteria (LAB), palatability, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) aroma and color of silage. Nine heads of peranakan etawah were grouped based on their lactation periode and randomly assigned to one of tree dietary treatments. The treatments were (1) Control rations; (2) silage complete ration (SRK); and (3) Hay complete ration (HRK). The results indicated that the silage had PH 4.15 and total number of LAB was 2.4 x 10 cfu/g of silage. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility of SRK were better than those of HRK. The palatability of SRK was higher than HRK but less than control. Storage of SRK for did not change dry matter and organic matter content. Organoleptic analysis indicated that texture and color of HRK were changed at after storage, while SRK was still constant. It is concluded that silage composed of organic primer garbage has high quality in terms of physical, chemical and microbial characteristics, prolong storage.

330 3-nitrooxypropanol Supplementation of a Forage Diet Decreased Enteric Methane Emissions from Beef Cattle Without Affecting Apparent Total-tract Digestibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 186-187
Author(s):  
Aklilu Alemu ◽  
Xiu Min Zhang ◽  
Maik Kindermann ◽  
Karen A Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
High Forage

Abstract Supplementation of ruminant diets with the investigational methane (CH4) inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP; DSM Nutritional Products, Switzerland) is as a promising mitigation strategy. However, most studies have examined high grain or mixed forage-concentrate diets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing a forage diet with 3-NOP on rumen fermentation, CH4 emissions and apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility. Eight ruminally cannulated beef heifers (BW = 514 kg) were randomly allocated to two treatments in a crossover design with 49-d periods. Dietary treatments were: control, high-forage diet (90% forage DM basis) without 3-NOP; and NOP, control diet supplemented with 150 mg 3-NOP/kg DM. After a 14-d diet adaption, dry matter (DM) intake (DMI) was recorded daily. Rumen contents were collected on days 17 and 28 for volatile fatty acid (VFA) analysis, whereas ruminal pH was continuously monitored from day 20 to 27. Diet digestibility was measured on day 38 to 41 by total collection of feces. Enteric CH4 emissions were measured on days 46 to 49 in chambers. Dry matter intake was lower (P = 0.001) for NOP (10.0 kg/d) as compared with control (10.2 kg/d). However, DM, neutral and acid detergent fiber, and crude protein digestibilities were similar between treatments (P ≥ 0.29). Although total VFA concentration was not affected by treatment (P = 0.19), the reduction in acetate and increase in propionate proportion for NOP lowered (P &lt; 0.001) the acetate to propionate ratio by 18% as compared with control. Mean pH was lower (P = 0.03) for control (6.46) than NOP (6.57). Furthermore, CH4 yield (g/kg DMI) was 21.6% less (P &lt; 0.001) for NOP relative to control (25.5 g/kg DMI). Overall, the results indicate that enteric CH4 emissions were effectively decreased with 3-NOP supplementation of a forage diet without affecting apparent total-tract digestibility of nutrients.

Influence of maturity stage on in situ dry matter degradability of six maize varieties in fistulated sheep

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 89-89
Author(s):  
M. A. Akbar ◽  
P. Lebzien ◽  
G. Flachowsky
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Two Stages

The fresh weight, dry matter (DM) contents and nutritional quality in maize vary considerably with variation in varieties, stages at which harvested, climatic conditions and agronomic factors. Recently, agronomists, nutritionists, and dairy producers have placed increased emphasis on factors affecting the nutritive value of maize. However, very little information is available on quantitative variability of the feed value of maize fodder as affected by such factors. This study was, therefore, carried out to assess the effect of harvesting of six different maize varieties at two stages (dates) of grain maturity on quality of both the stover and cobs.

Changes in feed intake during isolation stress in respiration chambers may impact methane emissions assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pol Llonch ◽  
Shane M. Troy ◽  
Carol-Anne Duthie ◽  
Miguel Somarriba ◽  
John Rooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Isolation Stress ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Respiration chambers are considered the ‘gold standard’ technique for measuring in vivo methane (CH4) emissions in live animals. However, the imposed isolation required may alter feeding behaviour and intake, which ultimately impact CH4 emissions. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of isolation within respiration chambers on feed intake and CH4 emissions with two different diets and breeds of beef cattle. In addition, a routine stressor (transport) was used to examine the relationship between individual stress responsiveness and changes in feed intake during isolation. Eighty-four steers (castrated males) (569 ± 5.7 kg bodyweight, BW) were divided into two groups and each group fed with one of two basal diets consisting of (g/kg dry matter, DM) either 50 : 50 (Mixed) or 8 : 92 (Concentrate) forage to concentrate ratios. Within each basal diet there were three supplementation treatments: (1) control, (2) calcium nitrate, and (3) rapeseed cake. The stress biomarkers plasma cortisol, creatine kinase (CK), and free fatty acids (FFA) were determined before (0 h) and after (30 min, 3 h, 6 h and 9 h) a 30-min journey, when steers were transported to the respiration chamber facilities. Methane emissions were measured over a 3-day period using individual respiration chambers. Dry matter intake (DMI) was assessed within the group-housed pens (4 weeks before entry to training pen), in the training pens and the chambers. Cortisol, FFA and CK increased (P < 0.05) after transport confirming a stress response. DMI (g/kg BW) decreased (P < 0.001) during isolation in the training pens (14.7 ± 0.28) and the chambers (14.3 ± 0.26) compared with that of the same animals in the group pens (16.8 ± 0.23). DMI during isolation decreased more in those animals which had an increased (P < 0.05) stress response during transport as measured by cortisol, FFA and CK. With the Mixed diet, the decline in DMI was estimated to result in an increase in CH4 (g/kg DMI) (r = 0.25, P = 0.001), which did not occur with the Concentrate diet. According to the results of this experiment, the stress associated with isolation reduces the DMI resulting in an increase in g CH4/kg DMI in fibrous diets. Habituation to isolation needs refinement in order to reduce the impact of stress on intake and therefore achieve more accurate estimates of CH4 emissions. Alternatively, modelling CH4 estimations according to behavioural and physiological changes associated with isolation stress would improve accuracy of CH4 estimations.

scholarly journals Effect of Cow Nutrition in the Far-off Period on Colostrum Quality and Immune Response of Calves

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Nowak ◽  
Robert Mikuła ◽  
Małgorzata Kasprowicz-Potocka ◽  
Marta Ignatowicz ◽  
Andrzej Zachwieja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the limitation of energy intake by restrictive dry matter intake in the faroff part (from -56 d to -22 d) of dry period on the colostrum quality and the calf immunological status. Thirty-eight Polish Holstein- Friesian Black and White multiparous cows and their calves were randomly allotted to one of the two dietary treatments in the far-off period. In group ADLIB, diet was offered ad libitum (2.0% body weight), while in group REST, dry matter intake was restricted to 1.5% of body weight. Lowered feed intake in the far-off period did not have a statistically significant influence on the quality of colostrum. On the 3rd d of calves’ life, serum concentrations of immunoglobulins, albumins, globulins, total protein, and IGF-1 were not affected by treatments of dam in the far-off period. The concentrations of total Ig and G and A immunoglobulins of 21-day-old calves from cows fed ad libitum during the far-off period was found to be significantly lower compared to REST group. No significant differences in birth weight and growth rate during the first 21 d of life were found. Limiting maternal diet in far-off period did not affect negatively colostrum quality and calves` immune response during early stages of their life.

Changes in feed intake and digestibility in sheep given virginiamycin

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Thorniley ◽  
MD Boyce ◽  
JB Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Highly Correlated

An experiment was conducted to investigate why virginiamycin reduces feed intake when it is first included in diets fed to sheep and cattle. Sheep were dosed daily with various amounts of virginiamycin, and measurements were made of both in vitro and in vivo dry matter digestibility and of blood gastrin concentrations. Virginiamycin decreased feed intake and there was some evidence that the effect was dose related. Dry matter digestibility was reduced by doses of virginiamycin >80 mg/day. Although highly correlated with feed intake, digestibility did not seem to be the sole factor influencing feed intake. Blood gastrin concentration was not significantly affected by virginiamycin and was not correlated with feed intake.

scholarly journals FERTILITY REQUIREMENTS OF PASTURES AND THEIR DIAGNOSIS

1961 ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
T.W. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Right ◽  
Soil Climate ◽  
Pastoral Farming

The basic aim in an efficient system of pastoral farming must be the highest possible sustained yields of animal products consistent with the maintenance and improvement of soil fertility. This involves the maximum production of dry matter of the right quality. This paper does not deal exhaustively with quality, but it is necessary to remind ourselves that quantity and quality are not necessarily highly correlated. Both yield and quality of dry matter depend on the soil, climate, herbage species and strains, stock and pasture management and fertiliser applications.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Ampas Bir dalam Ransum untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Daging Domba

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Agus Priyono ◽  
S.N.O. Suwandyastuti ◽  
Ning Iriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rumen Microorganism ◽  
Physical And Chemical Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The utilization of brewery waste in ration to improved the quality of lamb meatABSTRACT. An experiment has been conducted to study the utilization of brewery waste in ration to improved the meat quality of lamb. High quality of lamb meat can be reached by manipulation of rumen fermentation. Tannins in brewery waste can decrease the activity of rumen microorganism and inhibite the rumen biohydrogenation processes. The experiment was conducted with an experimental method by in vivo technique, using 16 heads of local lamb, 4-5 months old, with body weight range of 5-10 kg.  The trial was conducted for 150 days, using Completely Randomized Block Design with 4 replicates. The treatment tested were 4 levels of Brewery Waste : R1 = 12%; R2 = 24%; R3 = 36% and R4 = 48%. The variables measured were : physical and chemical quality of meat. The result indicated, that the treatment tested significantly affect the meat quality physically, except to the percentage of edible distal meat and proximal bone weight.Based on the all variables measured, the research conclusion : (1) the utilization of brewery waste up to 48% dry matter  ration, could be used, without any physiology and metabolism disturbance; (2) the highest increasing of unsaturated fatty acid was stearic acid (C18:0) as much as 54. 60%, was reach by R3 (36% brewery waste); the linoleic acid increased as much as 43.91% reach by R4 (48% brewery waste);  the oleic acid increased as much as 37.48% by R2 ( 24% brewery waste). From the result can be suggested that the need of tannin brewery waste as biohydrogenation inhibitor would be more effective and efficient whenever brewery waste usage has been increased up to 60% dry matter ration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document