Whole wheat grain feeding of Merino ewes. 1. Influence of level of wheat and vitamin A on water consumption, mortality and ewe liveweight

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (78) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
JA Reynolds ◽  
WR McManus ◽  
EM Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Whole Wheat

In experiment 1, three levels of wheat were fed twice weekly to groups of 120 ewes in pens from joining to weaning. The wheat levels were: Ll , 3.4; M1, 4.0 and HI, 4.6 kg (fresh weight) head-1 week-1 and at each level one half of the ewes received vitamin A. A control group was run at pasture. In experiment 2, three levels of wheat were fed, twice weekly to groups of ewes from joining to weaning. At each wheat level 140 ewes were in pens (wheat/pen) and one-half of these received vitamin A; 70 ewes were fed wheat in small paddocks (wheat/paddock). The wheat levels were: L2, 3.9; M2, 5.5 and H2, 7.1 kg (fresh weight) week-1. A control group was run at pasture. Water consumption by ewes in experiment 2 increased curvilinearly with increasing wheat intakes and linearly with temperature and advancing pregnancy. Ewe mortality was not different between treatments in experiment 1. In experiment 2, 24 per cent of ewes fed wheat in pens at the H2 level died between the start of lambing and weaning. Wheat level significantly influenced ewe liveweights. Vitamin A had no effect on the measurements made.

Whole wheat grain feeding of Merino ewes. 4. Changes in hepatic vitamin A concentration

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (78) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
JA Reynolds ◽  
WR McManus ◽  
JA Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
The Relationship

In two experiments Merino breeding ewes were fed wheat in pens or small paddocks from joining to weaning. Three levels of wheat were examined in each experiment and at each wheat level one-half of the ewes received vitamin A, Injections of 1 million I.U. of vitamin A were given twice in the first experiment and four times in the second. Control groups of ewes were run at pasture or fed pasture hay. Ewes injected with vitamin A had higher hepatic concentrations of the vitamin than those unsupplemented. Wheat intakes, which ranged from 3.4-7.1 kg ewe-1 week-1, had no effect on either the rate of expenditure of hepatic vitamin A concentration or the extent of storage and absorption of the vitamin after dosing. Pregnancy and lactation did not significantly increase changes in hepatic vitamin A concentration. The relationship between hepatic vitamin A concentration and time was curvilinear in ewes fed wheat without vitamin A. The rate of loss was not different between experiments and amounted to 6.03 per cent per week.

Whole wheat grain feeding of Merino ewes. 3. Influence of level of wheat and vitamin A on wool growth in pregnancy and lactation

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (78) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
WR McManus ◽  
JA Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Wool Yield ◽  
The Relationship

In experiment 1, ewes were fed three levels of wheat in pens, with or without vitamin A, from joining to weaning. The wheat levels ranged from 3.4 to 4.6 kg head-1 week-1. Control groups were run on native pasture. In experiment 2 three levels of wheat, which ranged from 3.9 to 7.1 kg head-1 week-1. were fed to ewes from joining to weaning. At each wheat level two groups were fed wheat in pens (wheat/ pen); another group was fed wheat in small paddocks (wheat/paddock). One of the wheat/pen groups received vitamin A. A control group was run at pasture. Vitamin A had no effect on wool traits except on wool yield in experiment 2. Clean wool weight and staple length increased linearly with increasing wheat intakes in both experiments. The relationship between fibre diameter and wheat level was linear in experiment 1 and curvilinear in experiment 2. In experiment 2 there were differences between wheat/pen and wheat/paddock groups in all the wool traits measured. In experiment 1, wool growth rate was reduced by 40 per cent in the wheat groups and by 44 per cent in the pasture groups during late pregnancy and lactation. In experiment 2, compared with early pregnancy, wool growth rate was reduced by 11 per cent and 31 per cent in the wheat groups during late pregnancy and lactation respectively.

Drought feeding of cattle. I. Comparison of hay-grain and all-grain rations: with observations on vitamin A status

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
WH Southcott ◽  
GL McClymont
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Vitamin A Status

Yearling Hereford steers in store condition (average weight 585 lb) were fed whole wheat grain, or equal parts whole wheat grain and cereal hay, each diet supplying an estimated 2 lb of starch equivalent per head per day. After the different rations had been fed for 20 weeks, followed by hay-grain rations for 1 week to equalize gastro-intestinal fill, the cattle fed an all-grain ration had lost an average of 1.03 lb per day and those fed a hay-grain ration had lost 0.84 lb per day. The final difference in weight was not significant. All cattle remained in good health. Serum vitamin A levels declined during the experiment to subnormal levels, particularly in the all-grain group, but clinical signs of vitamin A deficiency ware not evident. Coprophagia, hair chewing, and biting of woodwork were observed, particularly in the all-grain group. It is concluded that all-grain rations may be satisfactorily used for drought feeding of cattle.

Whole wheat grain feeding of Merino ewes. 2. Influence of wheat and vitamin A on reproductive performance

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (78) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
WR McManus ◽  
JA Reynolds ◽  
EM Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
White Muscle Disease ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Lamb Survival

In two experiments Merino breeding ewes were fed wheat in pens (wheat/pen) or small paddocks (wheat/paddock) from joining to weaning. Three levels of wheat were examined in each experiment (L1, M1, H1-experiment 1 ; L2, M2, H2-experiment 2) and at each wheat level a group of ewes received vitamin A. Control groups of ewes were run at pasture. The percentage of ewes pregnant in experiment 1 was higher in groups fed pasture than in groups fed wheat. There were no differences due to wheat level or vitamin A treatments. In experiment 2 there was an interaction between treatments in their effects on pregnancy rate. In experiment 2 wheat level had a linear effect on the proportion of multiple births and wheat/pen ewes gave birth to fewer twins than wheat/paddock ewes. The effects of wheat level on lamb birth weight were linear and quadratic in experiments 1 and 2 respectively. Lamb survival between birth and weaning was not influenced by wheat level or vitamin A in experiment 1. Lamb survival among groups fed wheat and pasture was 46 per cent and 84 per cent respectively. In experiment 2 there was an interaction between the treatments in lamb survival. In experiments 1 and 2, 66 per cent and 53 per cent respectively of lamb deaths among groups fed wheat were attributed to starvation. Goitre was diagnosed in 9 per cent of dead lambs from the wheat/pen groups of experiment 2. In both experiments white muscle disease was found in dead lambs from the wheat/pen groups.

The use of whole wheat grain in feeding of broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
V. Khamitova ◽  
A. Osmanyan
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Economic Effectiveness ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Whole Wheat

An experiment has been conducted to determine the effectiveness of growing broiler chickens when whole wheat grain has been included in the compound feed. The purpose of the research was to develop an appropriate scheme and dose for feeding whole wheat grain depending on the age of broilers, while observing the normative content of metabolic energy and nutrients in the diets, and to determine the economic effectiveness of rearing of broilers. To determine the effectiveness, data on live weight, growth rate, livability, uniformity of broiler population by live weight and variability of live weight of chickens have been studied. In the course of the work, the livability, average daily gain, feed conversion, homogeneity and variability coefficients, and the productivity index have been calculated. An increase in the live weight of broilers, as well as the rate of growth in pre-slaughter age when using whole grains in poultry diets, as well as a decrease in feed consumption per unit of live weight gain has been revealed. In conclusion, the economic effectiveness of broiler meat production has determined when whole grain has been included in diets. The use of whole wheat grain as an additive to the main diet in broiler feeding allowed to increase profits and increase the level of profitability. It has been found as a result of research that it is advisable to add whole wheat grain to the main diet for broilers at the age of 8–14 days in an amount of 5 % of the feed weight, at the age of 15–21 days – 15 %, at the age of 22–28 days – 20 %, at the age of 21–29 days – 30 % of grain without reducing the overall nutritional value of the diet.

Retinol, α-Tocopherol and Vitamin D3 in White MuscleDisease

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 6029-2018
Author(s):  
HANDAN MERT ◽  
SERKAN YİLDİRİM ◽  
IBRAHİM HAKKİ YORUK ◽  
KİVANC IRAK ◽  
BAHAT COMBA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Muscle Disease ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

Vitamins are essential for the health of all living organisms. Vitamins E, A, D and K are known as fat-soluble vitamins, and deprivation of vitamin E causes various disorders, especially in the reproduction and cardiovascular systems and in muscle functions. Vitamin A, on the other hand, has roles in various biological functions – like eyesight – and the growth, reproduction and differentiation of epithelial cells. Vitamin A deficiency leads to the keratinization of the epithelium, and disorders related to the metaplasies of the genital and genitourinary systems. Conversely, vitamin D is defined as a pro-hormone and is responsible for Cahomeostasis, and thus indirectly affects the bone metabolism, bone structure, and cellular and neural functions of Ca. White muscle disease (WMD) can occur in newborn lambs, but is more commonly seen in lambs of up to 3 months of age. In this study, 30 lambs of 3 to 50-days-old from different flocks diagnosed with White Muscle Disease (WMD) were selected as research material, while the control group consisted of 8 healthy lambs. With the aim of clarifying the cause of WMD, serum fat-soluble vitamins, retinol, α-tocopherol and vitamin D3 levels were determined in 16 lambs. Gluteal and heart musclet issue samples also were taken from 30 lambs with WMD. The vitamin levels of the samples were analysed by HPLC. The levels of serum α-tocopherol, retinols, and vitamin D3 were foundto be low in the diseased animals, but only retinol (p<0.001) and α-tocopherol (p<0.0011) level differences were statistically relevant. Macroscopically, Zenker’s necrosis was determined in the heart muscles of 17 lambs, and in the gluteal and chest muscles of 6 lambs. 7 lambs displayed necrosis in both their heart and in gluteal muscles. The samples were analyzed microscopically to reach similar findings: swollen homogeneous pink muscles, pycnotic nuclei, and hyperaemic and haemorrhagic blood vessels in gluteal, chest and heart muscles. Hyaline degeneration and Zenker's necrosis, dystrophic regions in necrotic areas, cc was detected as a severe disease in lambs at an early stage of life with advanced degeneration in different muscle tissues. Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins was also detected in the sick animals. Control group lambs had higher levels of α tocopherol and retinol (p<0.001) compared to the sick lambs. .

scholarly journals Impact of Maternal Daily Oral Low-Dose Vitamin A Supplementation on the Mother–Infant Pair: A Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial in China

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2370
Author(s):  
Ye Ding ◽  
Ping Hu ◽  
Yue Yang ◽  
Fangping Xu ◽  
Fang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Lactating Mothers

Background: The nutritional status of vitamin A in lactating mothers and infants is still not optimistic. Due to the dietary habits and dietary restrictions of postpartum customs in China, vitamin A supplementation has been advocated as a potential strategy to improve vitamin A status of lactating mothers with inadequate dietary vitamin A intake. Existing clinical trials are limited to single or double high-dose maternal administrations. However, in China, vitamin A supplements are readily available in the form of daily oral low-dose supplements, and the effect of these is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of daily oral low-dose vitamin A supplementation on the retinol levels in the serum and breast milk of lactating mothers and the health status of infants in China. Methods: Lactating mothers who met the inclusion criteria and planned to continue exclusive breastfeeding were randomly assigned to receive either daily oral vitamin A and D drops (one soft capsule of 1800 IU vitamin A and 600 IU vitamin D2), or a matching placebo for 2 months. Before and after the intervention, dietary intake was investigated by instant photography, and the retinol concentration in maternal serum and breast milk was determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. During the trial, the health status of infants was diagnosed by a paediatrician or reported by lactating mothers. A total of 245 participants completed the study, with 117 in the supplementation group and 128 in the control group. Results: After the 2-month intervention, maternal serum retinol concentrations increased in the supplementation group with no change in the control group. Although breast milk retinol concentrations decreased significantly in both groups, the decrease in the supplementation group was significantly lower than that in the control group. However, maternal vitamin A supplementation was not associated with a lower risk of infant febrile illness, respiratory tract infection, diarrhoea, and eczema. Conclusions: Daily oral low-dose vitamin A supplementation is helpful in improving maternal vitamin A status, despite having no effect on infant health status through breast milk.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study of an Educational Intervention to Improve Water Intake in Adolescent Soccer Players: A Two-Arm, Non-Randomized Controlled Cluster Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1339
Author(s):  
Rubén Martín-Payo ◽  
María del Mar Fernández-Álvarez ◽  
Edurne Zabaleta-del-Olmo ◽  
Rebeca García-García ◽  
Xana González-Méndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Cluster Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Ad Libitum

This study aimed to assess the feasibility of an educational intervention on hydration behavior in adolescent soccer players. A pilot study of a two-arm, non-randomized controlled cluster trial was conducted. A total of 316 players aged 13–16 agreed to participate. The response variables were the players’ participation in the intervention, their perception of the knowledge acquired, the usefulness and the overall assessment of the intervention. Hydration patterns and acquisition of knowledge on hydration behavior were also assessed. The intervention involved two elements: posters and a web app. A total of 259 adolescents completed the study (intervention group (IG) = 131; control group (CG) = 128). 80.6% of the players responded to the survey assessing the feasibility of the intervention. The mean number of correct answers regarding behavior was significantly higher in the IG (3.54; SD = 1.162) than in the CG (2.64; SD = 1.174) (p < 0.001). The water consumption pattern at all the clubs was ad libitum. Of the players, 10% did not drink any water at all during the game. In conclusion, this intervention has been shown to be feasible for implementation with adolescent soccer players. It suggests that hydration guidelines should be informed by personal factors and that ad libitum water consumption should be avoided.

scholarly journals Selenium Biofortification of Wheat as a Strategy to Improve Human Nutrition

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Radawiec ◽  
Wiesław Szulc ◽  
Beata Rutkowska
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Selenium Content ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Elongation Phase ◽  
Fertilisation Treatment ◽  
Foliar Fertilisation

This paper analyses the effects of soil and foliar fertilization with sodium selenate (VI) on the selenium content in spring wheat grain. The research was carried out at the Departmental Experimental Station of the Institute of Agriculture WULS in Skierniewice in 2018 and 2019. The dose of selenium used was 5.00 g Se·ha−1 in various development stages of spring wheat. The results showed that selenium fertilisation did not affect the size of the grain yield, but both soil and foliar fertilisation significantly increased the content of selenium in wheat grain compared to the control group. The highest Se content was obtained with the method of soil fertilisation combined with the foliar application with a total dose of 10.00 g·ha-1 Se in the stem elongation phase (S + F2), and in the tillering and stem elongation phase (S + F1 + F2), which resulted in the values of 0.615 and 0.719 mg·kg−1 Se in grain, respectively. On this basis, it was concluded that the best time to carry out foliar fertilisation treatment is in the stem elongation phase (BBCH 30–39). The results show that the greatest increase in selenium content in the grain is achieved with soil and foliar fertilisation combined.

Red Palm Oil Supplementation: A Feasible Diet-Based Approach to Improve the Vitamin A Status of Pregnant Women and Their Infants

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Radhika ◽  
P. Bhaskaram ◽  
N. Balakrishna ◽  
B. A. Ramalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Groundnut Oil ◽  
Red Palm Oil ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean

This double-blinded, randomized, controlled study was designed to study the effect of dietary supplementation with red palm oil during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal vitamin A status. A total of 170 women were recruited at 16 to 24 weeks of gestation and randomly assigned to an experimental group that received red palm oil to supply approximately one recommended dietary amount (RDA) (2,400 μg) of β-carotene or to a control group that received an equivalent volume of groundnut oil. The women received the oils for a period of 8 weeks, starting at 26 to 28 weeks of gestation and extending to 34 to 36 weeks of gestation. The mean postintervention (34 to 36 weeks) levels of serum retinol were 1.20 ± 0.22 (SD) μmol/L (95% CI, 1.15–1.25) in women receiving red palm oil and 0.73 ± 0.15 μmol/L (95% CI, 0.69–0.77) in their infants; these levels were significantly higher than those in women receiving groundnut oil (1.07 ± 0.26 μmol/L; 95% CI, 1.01–1.13; p < .01) and their infants (0. 62 ± 0.17 μmol/L; 95% CI, 0.57–0.67; p < .001). A significantly lower proportion of women in the red palm oil group than in the control group had vitamin A deficiency (serum retinol levels < 0.7 μmol/L) after intervention (1.5% vs. 9.7%). The proportion of women having anemia was significantly lower (p < .01) in the red palm oil-supplemented group (80.6%) than in the control group (96.7%). The mean birthweight and gestational age of the infants did not differ significantly between the two groups. An increased risk of low birthweight (p = . 003) and preterm delivery (p = . 000) was observed with decreasing serum retinol levels in the third trimester of pregnancy. These results show that red palm oil supplementation significantly improved maternal and neonatal vitamin A status and reduced the prevalence of maternal anemia. Maternal vitamin A status in the later part of pregnancy is significantly associated with fetal growth and maturation. Hence red palm oil, a rich source of bioavailable vitamin A, could be used as a diet-based approach for improving vitamin A status in pregnancy.

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