Changes in photosynthetic parameters and antioxidant activities following heat-shock treatment in tomato plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daymi Camejo ◽  
Ana Jiménez ◽  
Juan José Alarcón ◽  
Walfredo Torres ◽  
Juana María Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Shock Temperature ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
Gas Exchange Characteristics ◽  
Chlorophyll Photooxidation

Seedlings of two tomato genotypes, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Amalia and the wild thermotolerant type Nagcarlang, were grown under a photoperiod of 16 h light at 25°C and 8 h dark at 20°C. At the fourth true leaf stage, a group of plants were exposed to a heat-shock temperature of 45°C for 3 h, and measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence, gas-exchange characteristics, dark respiration and oxidative and antioxidative parameters were made after releasing the stress. The heat shock induced severe alterations in the photosynthesis of Amalia that seem to mitigate the damaging impact of high temperatures by lowering the leaf temperature and maintaining stomatal conductance and more efficient maintenance of antioxidant capacity, including ascorbate and glutathione levels. These effects were not evident in Nagcarlang. In Amalia plants, a larger increase in dark respiration also occurred in response to heat shock and the rates of the oxidative processes were higher than in Nagcarlang. This suggests that heat injury in Amalia may involve chlorophyll photooxidation mediated by activated oxygen species (AOS) and more severe alterations in the photosynthetic apparatus. All these changes could be related to the more dramatic effect of heat shock seen in Amalia than in Nagcarlang plants.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic apparatus performance of tomato seedlings grown under various combinations of LED illumination

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249373
Author(s):  
Ahmed F. Yousef ◽  
Muhammad M. Ali ◽  
Hafiz M. Rizwan ◽  
Shehu Abubakar Tadda ◽  
Hazem M. Kalaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Fluorescence Measurement ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Non Photochemical Quenching

It is already known that the process of photosynthesis depends on the quality and intensity of light. However, the influence of the new light sources recently used in horticulture, known as Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), on this process is not yet fully understood. Chlorophyll a fluorescence measurement has been widely used as a rapid, reliable, and noninvasive tool to study the efficiency of the photosystem II (PSII) and to evaluate plant responses to various environmental factors, including light intensity and quality. In this work, we tested the responses of the tomato photosynthetic apparatus to different light spectral qualities. Our results showed that the best performance of the photosynthetic apparatus was observed under a mixture of red and blue light (R7:B3) or a mixture of red, green and blue light (R3:G2:B5). This was demonstrated by the increase in the effective photochemical quantum yield of PSII (Y[II]), photochemical quenching (qP) and electron transport rate (ETR). On the other hand, the mixture of red and blue light with a high proportion of blue light led to an increase in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Our results can be used to improve the production of tomato plants under artificial light conditions. However, since we found that the responses of the photosynthetic apparatus of tomato plants to a particular light regime were cultivar-dependent and there was a weak correlation between the growth and photosynthetic parameters tested in this work, special attention should be paid in future research.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Physiology Comparisons between No Tillage and Sod Culture of Citrus Farming in Different Seasons under Various Light Intensities

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1805
Author(s):  
Chung-I. Chen ◽  
Kuan-Hung Lin ◽  
Meng-Yuan Huang ◽  
Chih-Kai Yang ◽  
Yu-Hsiu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Light Quantum ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Photosynthetic Physiology ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Different Seasons

Sod culture (SC) and no tillage (NT) are modern orchard management systems, and are two different bases for the sustainable development and production of citrus orchards in Taiwan. However, there is no information about the efficiency of either NT or SC on the photosynthetic physiology of farmed citrus under different seasons and varying light intensities. The objective of this study was to clarify the impacts of SC and NT under eco-friendly farming management on the photosynthetic apparatus of an important plantation citrus species in response to varying light intensities over the seasons. The results showed that Rd (dark respiration rate of CO2), Qy (light quantum yield of CO2), LCP (light compensation point), Amax (maximum net assimilation of CO2), and Fv/Fm values of citrus plants under SC were somewhat higher under NT in the same season, particularly in the fall and in winter. As light intensity increased from 200 to 2000 μmol photon m−2 s−1 PPFD, higher Pn (net photosynthesis rate), Gs (stomatal conductance), ETR (electron transport rate), NPQ (non-photochemical quenching), and Fv/Fm (potential quantum efficiency of PSII) values were observed in spring and summer compared to the fall and winter, and increasing NPQ and decreasing Fv/Fm values were observed in all seasons. Positive and significant correlations were shown between the Pn and Gs under NT and SC in all seasons with all light illuminations, whereas significant and negative relationships were observed between the ETR and NPQ under NT in fall and winter at 1200~2000 PPFD. In short, ETR was useful for non-destructive estimations of Pn and NPQ since these indices were significantly and positively correlated with ETR in citrus leaves exposed to 0~1200 PPFD in all seasons and 1200~2000 PPFD in spring, the fall, and winter, providing a quick means to identify the physiological condition of plants under various seasons and tillages. The precise management of photosynthetic parameters such as ETR in response to light irradiances under varied seasons also provides implications for sustainable citrus production for tillage cropping systems in future higher CO2 and potentially wetter or drier environments. The tillages may hold promise for maximizing the economic efficiency of the growth and development of citrus plants grown in the field.

scholarly journals Influence of sucrose concentration in the culture medium on the condition of the photosynthetic apparatus of grapes cultured in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Maria Sundyreva ◽  
Anton Rebrov ◽  
Alisa Mishko
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Genes ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
Stress Formation

An influence of different sucrose concentrations in the culture media on the photosynthetic parameters, photosynthetic apparatus related genes expression, oxidative processes and acclimation of grape plants cultured in vitro was examined in this article. An increase of the sucrose concentration in the culture media resulted in a reduced expression of several photosynthetic genes. The most effective functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus was discovered by a decreased amount of surcose in culture media. An increase of the sucrose concentration in the culture media disrupts pigments synthesis, particularly carotenoids, which can be a cause of the secondary oxidative stress formation and grape plants growth reduction during acclimation.

scholarly journals Effect of Lead and Copper on Photosynthetic Apparatus in Citrus (Citrus aurantium L.) Plants. The Role of Antioxidants in Oxidative Damage as a Response to Heavy Metal Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Anastasia Giannakoula ◽  
Ioannis Therios ◽  
Christos Chatzissavvidis
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Citrus Aurantium

Photosynthetic changes and antioxidant activity to oxidative stress were evaluated in sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) leaves subjected to lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and also Pb + Cu toxicity treatments, in order to elucidate the mechanisms involved in heavy metal tolerance. The simultaneous effect of Pb− and Cu on growth, concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), chlorophylls, flavonoids, carotenoids, phenolics, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic parameters were examined in leaves of Citrus aurantium L. plants. Exogenous application of Pb and Cu resulted in an increase in leaf H2O2 and lipid peroxidation (MDA). Toxicity symptoms of both Pb and Cu treated plants were stunted growth and decreased pigments concentration. Furthermore, photosynthetic activity of treated plants exhibited a significant decline. The inhibition of growth in Pb and Cu-treated plants was accompanied by oxidative stress, as indicated by the enhanced lipid peroxidation and the high H2O2 concentration. Furthermore, antioxidants in citrus plants after exposure to high Pb and Cu concentrations were significantly increased compared to control and low Pb and Cu treatments. In conclusion, this study indicates that Pb and Cu promote lipid peroxidation, disrupt membrane integrity, reduces growth and photosynthesis and inhibit mineral nutrition. Considering the potential for adverse human health effects associated with high concentrations of Pb and Cu contained in edible parts of citrus plants the study signals that it is important to conduct further research into the accessibility and uptake of the tested heavy metals in the soil and whether they pose risks to humans.

Dark respiration rate of transgenic tomato plants expressing FeSOD1 gene under chloride and sulfate salinity

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye. N. Baranova ◽  
E. N. Akanov ◽  
A. A. Gulevich ◽  
L. V. Kurenina ◽  
S. A. Danilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Transgenic Tomato ◽  
Dark Respiration Rate ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Transgenic Tomato Plants

Return temperature after heat shock affects the production of tetraploids in the yellowtail tetra Astyanax altiparanae

Zygote ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Leandro Freitas Martins ◽  
Cleonice Cristina Hilbig ◽  
George Shigueki Yasui ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Monzani ◽  
José Augusto Senhorini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Temperature Shock ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Shock Control ◽  
Shock Temperature ◽  
Post Shock ◽  
Basic Biology

Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate different post-shock temperatures for tetraploid induction in the yellowtail tetra Astyanax altiparanae. Newly fertilized eggs were divided into four groups, three were submitted to heat shock (40°C for 2 min) at 24 min post-fertilization (mpf) and another group remained without shock (control). Groups submitted to temperature shock were further separated at the following temperatures: 22°C, 26°C and 28°C. Survival among embryonic development was counted and at hatching the ploidy was analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed that the post-shock temperature affects the parameters analyzed and, therefore, must be considered for optimization of the production of tetraploid in A. altiparanae. Those data are innovative and could be used in future studies of basic biology in this species.

scholarly journals Hormesis in Plants: The Role of Oxidative Stress, Auxins and Photosynthesis in Corn Treated with Cd or Pb

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugeniusz Małkowski ◽  
Krzysztof Sitko ◽  
Michał Szopiński ◽  
Żaneta Gieroń ◽  
Marta Pogrzeba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Common ◽  
Stimulation Of

Hormesis, which describes the stimulatory effect of low doses of toxic substances on growth, is a well-known phenomenon in the plant and animal kingdoms. However, the mechanisms that are involved in this phenomenon are still poorly understood. We performed preliminary studies on corn coleoptile sections, which showed a positive correlation between the stimulation of growth by Cd or Pb and an increase in the auxin and H2O2 content in the coleoptile sections. Subsequently, we grew corn seedlings in hydroponic culture and tested a wide range of Cd or Pb concentrations in order to determine hormetic growth stimulation. In these seedlings the gas exchange and the chlorophyll a fluorescence, as well as the content of chlorophyll, flavonol, auxin and hydrogen peroxide, were measured. We found that during the hormetic stimulation of growth, the response of the photosynthetic apparatus to Cd and Pb differed significantly. While the application of Cd mostly caused a decrease in various photosynthetic parameters, the application of Pb stimulated some of them. Nevertheless, we discovered that the common features of the hormetic stimulation of shoot growth by heavy metals are an increase in the auxin and flavonol content and the maintenance of hydrogen peroxide at the same level as the control plants.

Analysis of the effects of the spotted tentiform leafminer (Phyllonorycter blancardella) on the photosynthetic characteristics of apple leaves

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2734-2740 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. A. Proctor ◽  
J. M. Bodnar ◽  
W. J. Blackburn ◽  
R. L. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Fluorescence Reading ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
High Fluorescence

Infestation of apple leaves with the spotted tentiform leafminer (STLM) reduced their net photosynthetic rate (Pn) over a range of light intensities. At a saturating irradiance level of 1240 μE∙m−2∙s−1 and 20 mines per leaf, 32.9% of the leaf area was injured but Pn was decreased by only 23.2%. Examination of parameters in a model for leaf photosynthesis showed a reduction in maximum photosynthetic rate (asymptotic value of the light-response curve) and mesophyll conductance but not in photochemical efficiency or dark respiration. The STLM injury had no effect on transpiration, stomatal conductance, and a slight effect on internal CO2 concentration and water-use efficiency. Mining reduced chlorophyll content of the leaves and this reduced the chlorophyll fluorescence of the mined areas. Tissue around the mines had a relatively high fluorescence reading confirming the Pn measurements and suggesting that this technique was suitable for these and similar studies. Mining by the STLM disrupts the photosynthetic apparatus of the leaf and affects a number of mechanisms in the photosynthetic process. Correlating these effects with field observations will help in determining economic thresholds for this insect.

The photosynthetic apparatus ofConocarpus lancifoliusEngl. (Combretaceae) suffers damage in soil contaminated with heavy metals

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-189
Author(s):  
Amina Redha ◽  
Redah Al-Hasan ◽  
Jacquilion Jose ◽  
Divya Saju ◽  
Mohammad Afzal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Electron Transport Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Content Index ◽  
Slow Adaptation ◽  
Chloroplast Morphology

Conocarpus lancifolius Engl. (Combretaceae), a heat tolerant plant, has potential for use in the phytoremediation of polluted soil. We analyzed the physiological changes in C. lancifolius exposed to single and mixed heavy metals (HMs; cadmium, nickel, and lead). For 30 days under controlled growth conditions, we exposed some groups of plants to a single HM at concentrations of 25 or 50 μmol·L–1and other groups were exposed to 25 μmol·L–1of a mixture of HMs. Photosynthetic parameters such as electron transport rate, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content index, and photosynthetic pigments were measured. Chloroplast morphology was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In plants exposed to 25 μmol·L–1of HMs, the photosynthetic parameters were unaffected, whereas at 50 μmol·L–1of HMs, all parameters significantly decreased up to 20 days of exposure, followed by an increase up to 30 days, indicating a slow adaptation of plants to HM under stress. Compared with the single HMs, mixtures of HMs were more toxic at the same concentration. All parameters indicated damage to the photosynthetic apparatus due to stress from 25 μmol·L–1of the HM mixtures and 50 μmol·L–1of the single HMs. TEM analyses showed a dispersion of grana in the chloroplast of the affected C. lancifolius plants.

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