68 GROWTH, REPRODUCTION, AND LACTATION IN SOMATIC CELL-CLONED HOLSTEIN COWS AND THEIR PROGENY

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
K. Nagano ◽  
J. Todoroki ◽  
M. Imamura ◽  
C. Kubota
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Blood Characteristics ◽  
And Control ◽  
Clone Group

We investigated the safety of somatic cell-cloned Holstein cows and the analogy (growth and milk performance) of the cloned cows and their progeny. Individually, the cloned cows were produced using the same fibroblasts of a Holstein cow as the donor cells. All cows were fed in accordance with NRC (1999) standards during the experimental period. Three cloned cows (clone group), their 3 progeny (progeny group), and 3 cows produced with artificial insemination (AI, control group) were reared under general group feeding. Viability, fertility, milk yield,and blood characteristics in clone, progeny, and control groups were examined. Statistical analyses were carried out by Student's t-test. The birth weight in the clone group (55.2 ± 6.3 kg (mean ± SD)) was heavier than that of the control group (44.8 ± 5.6 kg (P > 0.05)); it was also heavier than that of an upper limit (51.0 kg) and standard value (40.0 ± 5.8 kg) of Holstein heifers in Japan. However, no significant change in the amount of dry matter intake per kg body weight/day was observed between the clone group (0.97 ± 0.06 kg) and the control group (0.9 ± 0.02 kg). As to blood characteristics in the raising phase, the number of red blood cells in the clone group (684.8 ± 16.8 × 104 µL) was decreased slightly (P < 0.01) compared with that in the control group (823.3 ± 26.1 × 104 µL). However, there were no differences in other blood test items between clone and control groups. Furthermore, we found that there were no differences in estrous cycles and plasma progesterone concentrations between clone and control groups. All cloned and control cows that had been inseminated became pregnant and delivered normally. During the period from 21 days before expected date of confinement to 10 days after parturition, relative to the blood characteristics, the number of blood cells in the clone group (499.9 ± 77.5 × 104 µL) tended to be lower (P < 0.01), when compared to that in the control group (711.2 ± 39.9 × 104 µL); no differences were observed in plasma estrogen and progesterone concentrations between clone and control groups throughout the measurement period. In the first lactation period, there were no differences in total amount of milk produced in the first 305 days of lactation, milk percentage, milk protein rate, and solids-not-fat between clone and control groups. The total amount of milk produced in the first 365 days in cloned cows was almost equal to that of the original cow who provided donor cells. In 3 progeny of the cloned cows, the average birth weight was not different from that in the control group and the standard growth value. In the raising period, there were no differences in changes of the weight and height of a body and of the dry matter intake per day, and in the blood characteristics between progeny and control groups. Conceivably, our results suggest that the cloned Holstein cows and their progeny have normal growth, reproductive, and lactation characteristics, although the birth weights of the cloned cows were larger than those of control cows.

scholarly journals Study the Oxidative Stress, Some Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in patients with agout at AL-Ramadi city

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-701
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Blood Picture ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
And Control

This study aims to study the effect of gout disease on complete blood picture and biochemical parameters and some non-enzymatic antioxidants, some tracing elements and lipid peroxidation ,in outpatients with gout disease at Al-Ramadi Teaching-Hospital ,Al-Razi Hospital and the study duration from Octo.2013-to May 2014.(50) blood samples were collected from patients with age groups (30-80 years) from both sexes (28 males,22 females),a (30) blood samples (15 males,15 females) were collected from normal individuals as a control group with age groups (27-75 years). Hematological measurement showed no significant differences in size compressed blood cells, the percentages in ( 45.15 +4.99 and 46.87+6.30) % in patient and control groups respectively, hemoglobin concentrations were ( 14.04+1.66 and 14.30+1.93) g/l in patient and control groups respectively, total number of red blood cells ( 5.21+0.43 and 5.12 +0.58) 106/mm3 in patient and control groups respectively with(P?0.05) in ESR (21.06+13.47 and 13.37 +7.45) mm/hr in patient and control groups respectively with (P?0.05), the total number of WBCs were recorded (8.96+2.04 and 7.50+1.69)in patient and control groups respectively. Results showed also significant differences (P?0.05) in uric acid levels (7.42+0.76 and 5.62+0.88) mg/dl,malondialdehyde levels were recorded (4.45+0.64 and 3.21+0.86) in patient and control groups

scholarly journals Evaluation of Gamavit effectiveness for correction of renal anemia in cats with chronic kidney disease: a controlled randomized study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5) ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
Roman Leonard ◽  
Tat'yana Zaripova ◽  
Aleksandr Balahonov ◽  
Natal'ya Vdovina ◽  
Aleksandr Narovlyanskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Renal Anemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Group A ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Stimulation Of

Renal anemia is one of the most common complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats, which significantly reduces their life quality. Most often, the mechanism of renal anemia development is associated with insufficiency of endogenous erythropoietin (EPO), or with a reduction in the life of red blood cells caused by uremic intoxication. Since anemia increases the severity of renal hypertension and other CKD symptoms, the search for effective drugs that can stimulate erythropoiesis in CKD and do not have nephrotoxic properties is particularly relevant. The aim of the work was to study the effectiveness of Gamavit in the treatment regimen for cats with CKD compared with the standard treatment protocol. Active ingredients of Gamavit are sodium nucleinate and denaturated placenta extract. The study included 20 cats of different breeds aged from 5 to 16 years with CKD stage III-IV according to the IRIS classification, accompanied by anemia and a decrease in hematocrit in the range from 25 to 16%. Patients were randomly divided into 2 equal groups - control (n=10) and experimental (n=10) using the block randomization method. In the control group a standard nephroprotective therapy regimen was used. In the experimental group Gamavit was added to the standard regimen. Gamavit was administered at a dose of 0.5 ml/kg 1 time per day, at the same time, during 14 consecutive days (7 days i/v and 7 days s/c). The conditions for feeding and keeping animals of the experimental and control groups were identical. For feeding, we used a standardized serial diet ― Purina CatChow Adult with chicken/turkey/salmon. Access to drinking water ― ad libitum. The initial number of red blood cells, as well as the hematocrit index and hemoglobin level in the experimental and control groups were at the lower limit of the norm or below the reference values. During the study, in the experimental group of the patients, these indicators returned to normal after 2 weeks, while in the control group there were no significant changes. The statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups remained until the end of the observation (p=0.001). Levels of creatinine and urea in the blood serum of the patients of both groups consistently high throughout the study, but in the experimental group a significant decrease in these indicators was found. The initial level of EPO in both groups was significantly lower than in healthy cats. During the experiment, it was not possible to reach the lower limit of the normal value, which allows us to conclude that the stimulation of erythropoiesis indicators in the experimental group, observed under the influence of Gamavit, is not associated with the stimulation of endogenous EPO production. Thus, the study revealed that Gamavit stimulates erythropoiesis in cats with CKD stage III-IV, significantly increasing the number of red blood cells, and the levels of hematocrit and hemoglobin. This effect, combined with a decrease in uremic intoxication values (creatinine and urea levels), lead to an improvement in the general condition of patients and regression in a number of important clinical manifestations. Since no nephrotoxic effects and undesirable interactions with drugs of standard nephroprotective therapy were detected in the process of this study, Gamavit can be recommended for widespread use in cats as one of the pathogenetic, symptomatic, and therapeutic and prophylactic drugs in the complex therapy of CKD at the preclinical and clinical stages of the disease.

198 Superovulatory response in cows undergoing aromatase inhibitor treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
E. M. Zwiefelhofer ◽  
A. R. T. Krause ◽  
L. B. Araujo ◽  
R. J. Mapletoft ◽  
G. P. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Aromatase Inhibitor ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Nominal Data ◽  
And Control

The aromatase inhibitor letrozole has been used in the treatment of infertility in women by inducing mild ovarian superstimulation or augmenting the ovarian response to FSH treatment. The effect has been attributed to an apparent up-regulation of FSH receptors on granulosa cells as a result of increased androgens (Weil et al. 1999 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84, 2951-2956). The objective of this study was to determine whether letrozole will augment the superstimulatory response in FSH-treated cattle. Mature, non-lactating Holstein cows (n=30) were given 2 luteolytic doses of PGF2α 12h apart and scanned daily by transrectal ultrasonography to detect ovulation. Transvaginal ultrasound-guided ablation of follicles ≥5mm was performed in all cows as a group, at 5 to 8 days after ovulation. On the day of ablation, cows were assigned randomly to 2 groups (n=15 per group) and given either an intravaginal letrozole-releasing device or a blank device for 5 days. Coinciding with expected wave emergence (Day 0), cows in both groups were given 8 doses of 50mg of pFSH (Folltropin; Vetoquinol, Lure, France) IM at 12-h intervals, and PGF2α on Days 3 and 3.5. At the time of the second PGF2α, vaginal devices were removed and paint was applied to the tailhead to facilitate detection of oestrus. On Day 5, cows were given gonadotropin-releasing hormone (100mg gonadorelin) IM and artificially inseminated 12 and 24h later. Ova/embryos were collected by transcervical uterine flush on Day 12. The ovaries were examined by ultrasonography on Day 0, 3.5, 5, 6.5, and 12 to record the follicular and luteal response. Nominal data were compared between groups by t-test and by ANOVA for repeated-measures and are expressed as mean±s.e.m. Binomial data were compared by chi-squared test. The number of follicles at wave emergence did not differ between letrozole and control groups (24.6±3.1 and 26.5±3.3 respectively; P=0.68). There was no treatment effect or treatment×day interaction in the number of follicles >8mm on Day 3.5, 5, and 6.5. Letrozole-treated cows exhibited oestrus later than controls (50.3±1.1h v. 40.7±2.0h after first PGF2α; P<0.001) and had less variance in interval to oestrus (residuals, 3.1±0.48h v. 6.7±0.87 h; P<0.01). The number of CL on Day 6.5 was lower in the letrozole group than in the control group (9.1±1.1v. 12.3±1.1; P=0.05). The proportion of ovulations (number of CL on Day 12 over number of follicles ≥3mm on Day 0) was lower in the letrozole group than in the control group (0.65±0.05v. 0.82±0.08; P=0.02). The total number of ova/embryos collected per cow did not differ between letrozole and control groups (5.0±1.9v. 5.4±1.8; P=0.75), nor did the number of transferable embryos differ (3.0±1.2v. 4.3±1.5; P=0.56). In conclusion, treatment with a letrozole-releasing device during ovarian superstimulation did not improve the superovulatory response or embryo collection rate in mature Holstein cows, but letrozole treatment resulted in more synchronous oestrus, which may be used in the design of a fixed-time AI protocol following superstimulatory treatment in cattle. This research was supported by the Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency.

scholarly journals Persistence of orally administered Megasphaera elsdenii and Ruminococcus bromii in the rumen of beef cattle fed a high grain (barley) diet

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athol V. Klieve ◽  
Stuart R. McLennan ◽  
Diane Ouwerkerk
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Rapid Production ◽  
Megasphaera Elsdenii ◽  
And Control

When cattle are fed grain, acidotic ruminal conditions and decreased efficiency in starch utilisation can result from the rapid production and accumulation of lactic acid in the rumen. The efficacy of drenching cattle with Megasphaera elsdenii and Ruminococcus bromii to improve animal performance was investigated. A feedlot trial was undertaken with 80 Bos indicus crossbred steers (initial liveweight 347.1 (s.d. 31.7) kg) in 10 pens in a randomised complete block design. An empty-pen-buffer was maintained between treated (inoculated) and untreated (control) groups to avoid transfer of inoculant bacteria to the control steers. Inoculated steers were orally drenched with M. elsdenii YE34 and R. bromii YE282, and populations increased rapidly over 3–14 days. The steers were fed for a total of 70 days with commercial, barley-based, feedlot rations. High growth rates (1.91 kg per day) were achieved throughout the experiment in both the inoculated and control steers. Intakes averaged 21.3 g dry matter (DM) per kg liveweight per day. There was probably no acidosis achieved in this trial following challenge (i.e. no change in pH occurred). There were no differences in any production or carcass measurements between the control and inoculated steers overall. However, the control group acquired dense ruminal populations of M. elsdenii by Day 14, while R. bromii populations established at high densities within the first 2 weeks but then declined and were undetectable by Day 50. R. bromii appears to be only transiently dominant, and once its dominance waned, it appeared that Ruminobacter spp. established in the rumen. Ruminobacter spp. became dominant between 14 and 28 days in all the steers examined and persisted through to the end of the study. These Ruminobacter spp. may be of future interest in the development of probiotics for grain-fed cattle.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes a Marked Increase in Liver α-Tocopherol and Liver α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein in C57BL/6 J Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Min Chao ◽  
Wan-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chun-Huei Liao ◽  
Huey-Mei Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
And Control

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for the positional and geometric isomers of a conjugated diene of linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6). The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether levels of hepatic α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), and antioxidant enzymes in mice were affected by a CLA-supplemented diet. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into the CLA and control groups, which were fed, respectively, a 5 % fat diet with or without 1 g/100 g of CLA (1:1 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) for four weeks. α-Tocopherol levels in plasma and liver were significantly higher in the CLA group than in the control group. Liver α-TTP levels were also significantly increased in the CLA group, the α-TTP/β-actin ratio being 2.5-fold higher than that in control mice (p<0.01). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly decreased in the CLA group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). The accumulation of liver α-tocopherol seen with the CLA diet can be attributed to the antioxidant potential of CLA and the ability of α-TTP induction. The lack of changes in antioxidant enzyme protein levels and the reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver of CLA mice are due to α-tocopherol accumulation.

Sri Lankan Cleft Lip and Palate Study Model Analysis: Clefts of the Secondary Palate

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Mccance ◽  
David Roberts-Harry ◽  
Martyn Sherriff ◽  
Michael Mars ◽  
William J.B. Houston
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Secondary Palate ◽  
Comparable Control ◽  
And Control

The study models of a group of adult Sri Lankan patients with clefts of the secondary palate were investigated. Tooth-size and arch-dimension comparisons were made with a comparable control group. Significant differences were found between the cleft and control groups in tooth sizes, chord lengths, and arch widths. The cleft group dimensions were generally smaller than those of the control group. Overjets were larger in the cleft group.

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING ANIMAL CARTOON PICTURES ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING NARRATIVE TEXT

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasanul Arifin Zul And Masitowarni Siregar
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Narrative Text ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Writing Achievement ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Written Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This thesis is focused on the investigation of the effect of applying animal cartoon pictures on students’ achievement in writing narrative text. This study aims to find whether applying animal cartoon pictures significantly affect the students’ writing achievement or not. The data in this study were obtained by administering a written test. The population was the 2015/2016 first year (grade XI) of SMA Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam and 66 students were taken as the sample by using random sampling. The sample was divided into two groups, experimental and control groups. The experimental group was taught by applying animal cartoon pictures while the control group without animal cartoon pictures (x = lecturing). The data were taken the scores from the pre-test and post-test to both experimental and control groups. These data were analyzed by using t-test. The result of computing the t-test obviously showed that t-observed is higher than t-table (5.21 >1,67) with the degree of freedom 64 (df =N-2) at the level significance 0,05 one tail test. It showed that the application of animal cartoon pictures significantly affected the students of SMA Swasta Nusantara Lubuk Pakam achievement in writing narrative text.

THE EFFECT OF APPLYING DEMONSTRATION METHOD ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN SPEAKING SKILL AT THE THIRD GRADE OF SMK PAB 3 MEDAN ESTATE

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryanti Napitupulu And Anni Holila Pulungan
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Speaking Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was conducted as an attempt to discover the effect of applying Demonstration Method on students’ achievement in speaking skill. It was an experimental research. The subject was students of Grade XII, Vocational High School (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan: SMK), which consisted of 79 students. The research was divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. The instrument used to collect the data was speaking test. To obtain the reliability of the test, the writer applied Kuder Richardson 21 formula. The result of the reliability was 0.7, and it was found that the test was reliable. The data were analyzed by using t-test formula. The analysis showed that the scores of the students in the experimental group were significantly higher than the scores of the students in the control group at the level of significant m = 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) 77, t-observed value 8.9 > t-table value 1.99. The findings indicate that using Demonstration Method significantly affected the students’ achievement in speaking skill. So, English teachers are suggested to use Demonstration Method in order to improve students’ achievement in speaking skill.

Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil as Adjunct Therapy in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Nazli Zainuddin ◽  
Nurul Azira Mohd Shah ◽  
Rosdan Salim
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Nasal Symptom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Introduction: The role of virgin coconut oil in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is controversial. Thus, the aim of the present study is to determine the effects of virgin coconut oil ingestion, in addition to standard medications, on allergic rhinitis. We also studied the side effects of consumption of virgin coconut oil. Methods: Fifty two subjects were equally divided into test and control groups. All subjects received a daily dose of 10mg of loratadine for 28 days. The test group was given 10ml of virgin coconut oil three times a day in addition to loratadine. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis were scored at the beginning and end of the study. Results:, the symptom score were divided into nasal and non-nasal symptom scores. Sneezing score showed a significant difference, however the score was more in control group than test group, indicating that improvement in symptom was more in control group. The rest of the nasal symptom and non-nasal symptom score showed no significant difference between test and control groups. Approximately 58% of the test subjects developed side effects from consumption of virgin coconut oil, mainly gastrointestinal side effects. Conclusion: In the present study, ingestion of virgin coconut oil does not improve the overall and individual symptoms of allergic rhinitis, furthermore it has side effects.

Effects of Time and Perceptual Orientation on Actors' and Observers' Attributions

1984 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Donald S. Martin ◽  
Ming-Shiunn Huang
Keyword(s):  
Video Recording ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Perceptual Orientation ◽  
Initial Difference ◽  
Variety Show ◽  
And Control ◽  
Unrelated Variety

The actor/observer effect was examined by Storms in a 1973 study which manipulated perceptual orientation using video recordings. Storms' study was complex and some of his results equivocal. The present study attempted to recreate the perceptual reorientation effect using a simplified experimental design and an initial difference between actors and observers which was the reverse of the original effect. Female undergraduates performed a motor co-ordination task as actors while watched by observers. Each person made attributions for the actor's behaviour before and after watching a video recording of the performance. For a control group the video recording was of an unrelated variety show excerpt. Actors' initial attributions were less situational than observers'. Both actors and observers became more situational after the video replay but this effect occurred in both experimental and control groups. It was suggested the passage of time between first and second recording of attributions could account for the findings and care should be taken when interpreting Storms' (1973) study and others which did not adequately control for temporal effects.

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