scholarly journals What qualities of long-acting reversible contraception do women perceive as desirable or undesirable? A systematic review

Sexual Health ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Coombe ◽  
Melissa L. Harris ◽  
Deborah Loxton
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Intrauterine Devices ◽  
Irregular Bleeding ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Method Preference

Little research examining qualities of contraception that make them attractive or unattractive to users, particularly young women, exists. The aim of this study is to systemically review the evidence regarding desirable and undesirable qualities of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), including intrauterine devices, the implant and the injection, as perceived by women. Five electronic databases were searched in May 2015 using terms related to LARC and method preference or decision-making. Studies were included if they concerned women aged 18–23 years from developed countries and reported on perceived positive or negative qualities of LARC. Thirty articles were deemed relevant. Five key themes emerged under which qualities were categorised; including: (1) impact on bleeding; (2) impact on the body; (3) device-specific characteristics; (4) general characteristics; and (5) perceptions and misbeliefs. Fit and forget, high efficacy and long-term protection were considered the top desirable qualities of LARC. Undesirable qualities varied among the LARC methods; however, irregular bleeding, painful insertion and removal procedure, weight gain and location in the body were among those most commonly reported. The contraceptive benefits of LARC, including their high efficacy and longevity, are generally considered to be positive qualities by women, while the potential impact of side-effects on the body are considered as negative qualities. This information is crucial in the clinical setting as it provides practitioners with a greater understanding of the qualities women do and do not like about LARC methods. Discussion about these qualities, positive and negative, during consultations about contraception may increase rates of uptake.

scholarly journals Euvolemia as a criterion of diuretic therapy efficacy in chronic heart failure: Literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
A. A. Garganeeva ◽  
E. A. Kuzheleva ◽  
V. Yu. Mareev
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Diuretic Therapy ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
Volume Retention

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a typical outcome for all pathological processes affecting the cardiovascular system and is diagnosed in 1–2% of the population in developed countries. The strategy for managing patients with CHF involves the prescription of diuretics for the relief of volume retention syndrome in addition to pathogenetic pharmacotherapy. Considering the confl icting data concerning the effects of diuretics on the long-term prognosis and clinical course of CHF, a strict approach to the analysis of risk/benefit ratio is necessary while choosing a specific diuretic and determining its optimal dose and duration of use. The article reviews state-of-theart literature on the assessment of hydration status in patients with CHF. The euvolemia state, in which the optimal volume of fl uid is achieved in the body of a patient with CHF is viewed from the perspective of evaluating the efficacy and relevance of diuretic therapy.

scholarly journals Benefits of reversible contraception

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 973
Author(s):  
Helena Kopp Kallner
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Intrauterine Devices ◽  
Unintended Pregnancies ◽  
Contraceptive Implants ◽  
Long Acting

Long-acting reversible contraception—intrauterine devices and contraceptive implants—offers the highest protection against unintended pregnancies. In addition, the use of reversible hormonal contraception has added health benefits for women in both the short and the long term. This review will give an overview of the benefits of reversible contraception as well as an evidence-based recommendation on how it should be used to benefit women the most.

scholarly journals Long-acting Reversible Contraceptives - IUDS/IUS and Implants: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohit a ◽  
Md Sadique Hussain ◽  
Chandan Mohapatra ◽  
Shakshi Sharma ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Young Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Intrauterine Devices ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Qualified Individual ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives

Unexpected or unintended pregnancy is a global health concern. Young women who are pregnant are refused contraception care in many nations. For women, reversible methods of contraception with long-acting methods such as intrauterine devices (IUDs) proved more productive than short-acting methods including tablets and condoms. We systematically searched on Google scholar, PubMed, LitCovid, and MedRxiv using the search terms unintended pregnancy, contraception, implants, and IUD/IUS for published articles. The available IUDs now provide nearly complete childbirth protection although have few complications. Implantable contraceptives are commonly practiced all around the globe. Implants are among the most effective and reliable contraceptive strategies available. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States in 1990, approved the Norplant contraceptive. The IUDs and implants apart from being successful contraceptives have a variety of harmful effects, which led the development in the field. The insertion and removal involving a qualified individual and the aseptic setting were correlated with other small hazards for IUDs and implants. This review focuses on the complications with IUDs and implants, and also focuses on the developments in the field of novel IUDs approaches.

scholarly journals Age, ageing, ageism and “age-itation” in the Age of COVID-19: rights and obligations relating to older persons in Israel as observed through the lens of medical ethics

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mark Clarfield ◽  
Alan Jotkowitz
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Term Care

Abstract COVID-19, the illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has reached pandemic proportions. Although the virus can cause disease in anyone, it is particularly dangerous for those with various “co-morbidities” such as heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity and others. Furthermore, advancing age (from about 60 on), even in those older persons without any accompanying illnesses, is a strong and independent risk factor for pneumonia, need for an ICU bed and death from the virus. It is therefore essential to find ways to protect all at-risk persons (old or young) from the virus but at the same time not harming, more than absolutely necessary their essential freedoms as well as taking into account their social/psychological needs. Compared with other OECD countries, Israel’s population is still relatively young, with only 11.5% being over 65+ with a smaller proportion of older persons in long-term institutions than that found in most other comparable jurisdictions. These factors might explain a part of the country’s (so far) relatively low rates of serious disease and mortality compared to those seen in other developed countries. However there are still over a million older citizens at risk and the numbers of infected, hospitalized and seriously ill persons are rising once again. This is no time for complacency. An analysis of the effect of age on the disease as seen through the principles of medical ethics is followed by a proposal as to how best to balance these sometimes conflicting goals. This paper relates mainly to older persons in the community since the Ministry of Health early on in the pandemic initiated an effective program (Magen Avot) meant to protect those older persons in long-term care institutions. Recommendations include the Ministry of Health publishing clear guidelines as to risk factors and offering sensible advice on how to practice physical (not “social”) distancing without exacerbating an older person’s sense of social isolation. In order to reduce the incidence of influenza (which can clinically be confused with COVID-19) and the potentially disastrous consequences of a “double pandemic” this coming winter, a robust flu vaccination program needs immediate implementation. Persons at all ages (but especially those 60+) should be encouraged and assisted to sign advance directives, especially those who do not wish to undergo invasive therapy. An individual older person’s wish to “make way” for younger people should be respected as an expression of his/her autonomy. As we enter the second wave, triage mechanisms and protocols need to be circulated in readiness for and well before a situation in which an acute imbalance develops between the availability for acute resources and the population’s need for them. The Ministry of Health, in cooperation with other relevant ministries and NGOs, should take the lead in developing plans, ensuring that they are carried out in an orderly, timely and transparent manner. The blanket is indeed not large enough but we must place it as judiciously as possible in order as much as possible to protect, cover and keep warm the body politic.

Gardasil Effective Long Term in Young Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
HEIDI SPLETE
Keyword(s):  
Young Women

Defining the Competence of Psychologists with a View to Public Accountability *

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ype H. Poortinga ◽  
Ingrid Lunt
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
The Body ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rigorous Evaluation ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Psychological Knowledge

In national codes of ethics the practice of psychology is presented as rooted in scientific knowledge, professional skills, and experience. However, it is not self-evident that the body of scientific knowledge in psychology provides an adequate basis for current professional practice. Professional training and experience are seen as necessary for the application of psychological knowledge, but they appear insufficient to defend the soundness of one's practices when challenged in judicial proceedings of a kind that may be faced by psychologists in the European Union in the not too distant future. In seeking to define the basis for the professional competence of psychologists, this article recommends taking a position of modesty concerning the scope and effectiveness of psychological interventions. In many circumstances, psychologists can only provide partial advice, narrowing down the range of possible courses of action more by eliminating unpromising ones than by pointing out the most correct or most favorable one. By emphasizing rigorous evaluation, the profession should gain in accountability and, in the long term, in respectability.

Conditions for the Hi-tech Complex Development

2003 ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
V. Maevsky ◽  
B. Kuzyk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Monetary Base ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Bank System ◽  
Post Industrial

A project for the long-term strategy of Russian break-through into post-industrial society is suggested which is directed at transformation of the hi-tech complex into the leading factor of economic development. The thesis is substantiated that there is an opportunity to realize such a strategy in case Russia shifts towards the mechanism of the monetary base growth generally accepted in developed countries: the Central Bank increases the quantity of "strong" money by means of purchasing state securities and allocates the increment of money in question according to budget priorities. At the same time for the realization of the said strategy it is necessary to partially restore savings lost during the hyperinflation period of 1992-1994 and default of 1998 and to secure development of the bank system as well as an increase of the volume of long-term credits on this base.

The Reproduction Vector of the Russian Economy: 1999-2007

2008 ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries

The problem of the Russian economy’s growth rates is considered in the article in the context of Russia’s backwardness regarding GDP per capita in comparison with the developed countries. The author stresses the urgency of modernization of the real sector of the economy and the recovery of the country’s human capital. For reaching these goals short- or mid-term programs are not sufficient. Economic policy needs a long-term (15-20 years) strategy, otherwise Russia will be condemned to economic inertia and multiplying structural disproportions.

STUDIES IN THE SUPPOSED GOITROGENOUS EFFECT OF TAP WATER IN HELSINKI

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (IV) ◽  
pp. 630-636
Author(s):  
F.-E. Krusius ◽  
P. Peltola
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Iodine Uptake ◽  
Redistilled Water ◽  
Detectable Difference ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Long Term Experiment

ABSTRACT The study reported here was performed in order to examine the tap water of Helsinki for its alleged goitrogenous effect. In a short-term, 24-hour experiment with rats, kept on an iodine-poor diet, we noticed no inhibition of the 4-hour 131I uptake, as compared with that of animals receiving physiological saline instead of tap water. Two similar groups of rats receiving 1 and 2 mg of mercazole in redistilled water showed a distinct blockage of the 4-hour uptake, which proved the effect of this substance. In a long-term experiment of 5 weeks' duration there was no detectable difference in the body weight, thyroid weight and the 4-hour 131I uptake when the rats receiving tap water or distilled water to which 0.45 per cent of sodium chloride was added were compared with each other. Replacement of tap water by a 10 mg per cent solution of mercazole in redistilled water enlarged the thyroid to double its normal weight and increased the 131I uptake to approximately five times that of the controls. Thus our experiments failed to demonstrate any goitrogenous effect in the tap water of Helsinki. Changes similar to those produced by a long-term administration of mercazole, i. e. an enlargement of the thyroid and an increased thyroidal iodine uptake, have been shown to be due to milk collected from goitrous areas. The observations here reported confirm the importance of milk in the genesis of the goitre endemia of Helsinki. Attention is further called to the fact that a thyroidal enlargement combined with an increased thyroidal iodine uptake cannot always be taken as a sign of iodine deficiency because similar changes may be produced by the administration of goitrogens.

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