Embryological Development of Oxygen Consumption and Egg Parameters in the Semi-altricial Australian Diamond Dove, Geopelia cuneata

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Prinzinger ◽  
Murat Biricik ◽  
Volker Dietz ◽  
Elke Schleucher
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Embryological Development ◽  
Plateau Phase ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Altricial Birds

Diamond dove eggs show characteristics typical of semi-altricial birds. All egg parameters that we examined were within the expected range for semi-altricial birds; only the relative portion of lipid content (7·9% of egg mass) was different from (25% higher) the mean value for comparable-sized eggs of semi- altricial birds. The embryonic development of oxygen consumption shows a clear plateau phase with values within the expected range for semi-altricial species. The plateau occurs at 83·0 ± 6·0% of incubation, and is about 1 day in duration; the oxygen consumption per egg is 42·2 ± 3·14 mL per day and 0·80 ± 0·06 mL per g per h, respectively.

Acetate as a metabolic substrate in the fetal lamb

1976 ◽  
Vol 230 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
VC Char ◽  
RK Creasy
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Metabolic Substrate ◽  
Acetate Concentration ◽  
Fetal Lamb ◽  
The Mean

Fetal acetate metabolsim was studied in chronically catheterized fetal lambs of 110-141 days' gestation. Acetate concentration was measured enzymatically in whole blood drawn simultaneously from maternal and fetal pre- and postplacental vessels. The oxygen content of the fetal blood samples was also measured. Fetal umbilical venous acetate concentration was found to be proportional to the maternal arterial acetate concentration and had a mean value of 0.366 mM. Fetal blood acetate increased significantly, by a mean of 0.081 mM, during circulation through the placenta. This increase was proportional to both the maternal acetate concentration and the concentration gradient of acetate across the placenta. The mean maternal arterial acetate concentration was 1.153 mM. Maternal blood lost significant amounts of acetate, 0.112 mM, during circulation through the uterus and appeared to be the source of the acetate being gained by the fetus. It is estimated that a total of 23 mmol of acetate/kg of fetal weight is being taken up by the fetus each day, providing it with 0.560 g of carbon/kg. Comparisons of acetate uptake with fetal oxygen uptake indicate 10% of the daily fetal oxygen consumption would be required to completely oxidize the acetate being gained by the fetus.

OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN NORMAL NEWBORN INFANTS DURING MODERATE HYPOXIA IN WARM AND COOL ENVIRONMENTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-576
Author(s):  
K. W. Cross ◽  
D. M. Flynn ◽  
June R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Good Time ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Warm Environment ◽  
Cool Environment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

The oxygen consumption of 20 normal newborn babies was measured using a closed-circuit apparatus with good time-resolution in which the environmental temperature could be closely controlled. In each baby the oxygen consumption while breathing air was compared with the value obtained a few minutes later while breathing 15% oxygen in nitrogen or vice versa. Five babies were examined in a warm environment while naked: some of these were included in the total of 18 babies who were examined in a cool environment, of these 6 were naked and 12 were clothed. In a warm environment oxygen consumption values were the same whether air or 15% oxygen was breathed. From 6 naked babies in a cool environment 10 measurements of oxygen consumption were obtained, breathing first air, then 15% oxygen. The mean value breathing air did not differ significantly from that obtained when 15% oxygen was breathed. In a further 12 babies who were in a cool environment but clothed 18 oxygen consumption measurements (air then 15% oxygen) were obtained; again there was no significant difference between the means. Sixteen additional measurements of oxygen consumption were obtained while the babies were breathing air after 15% oxygen. The mean value was not significantly different from the mean value when breathing 15% oxygen or the mean value in the preceding period breathing air. It was concluded that breathing 15% oxygen did not depress the oxygen consumption of babies either in a warm environment or a cool one; however, babies in a cool environment were subjected to only a mild degree of cold stimulus, and the metabolic response thus produced was fairly small. This work failed to confirm earlier reports that 15% oxygen did depress oxygen consumption in newborn babies in a cool environment. Possible reasons for the discrepancy are discussed.

scholarly journals The respiratory quotient in the newborn pig

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Mount
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

1. Rates of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were measured in pigs from birth to 3 days of age in an open-circuit system.2. The mean respiratory quotient (RQ) during the first 6 h following birth was 0.95 in fasted pigs and 0.91 in pigs which were allowed to feed.3. The RQ fell during the remainder of the first postnatal day to mean values close to 0.85, whether the pigs were allowed to feed from birth or were fasted.4. From 1 to 3 days of age the RQ had a mean value of 0.79.5. There was little difference in the RQ of pigs exposed to environmental temperatures of either 32 or 16°.6. It is concluded that the baby pig is not exclusively dependent on carbohydrate for its energy metabolism.

scholarly journals The Energy Sources in Ontogenesis

1935 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERNEST BALDWIN
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Pond Snail ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Limnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Nitrogenous Metabolism

1. Experiments have been made upon the oxygen consumption, CO2 content, and respiratory quotient of the eggs of Limnaea stagnalis, the common pond snail. 2. Throughout the period of development, during which accurate determinations are possible, the mean value of the R.Q. was 1.05. The significance of the observations is discussed in the text, the main conclusion being that fat is synthesised in the course of development. This was confirmed by extraction of the ether-soluble substances. 3. Preliminary experiments upon the nitrogenous metabolism show that uric acid is synthesised by the embryo during the latter part of development, but suggest that protein does not constitute the source of the synthetic fat.

scholarly journals Identification and Area Calculation of the Egg Mass of Spodoptera Frugiperda Based on Faster-RCNN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhishang Liang ◽  
Yinqiao Peng ◽  
Muhammad Sameer Sheikh ◽  
Zhengwei Wu ◽  
Ji Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Important Method ◽  
Crop Pest ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Shape And Size

Abstract Spodoptera frugiperda is a migratory and destructive crop pest. The number of eggs is an important method to evaluate the pest situation, which can be estimated by the area of egg mass. The traditional manual method is inefficient, but the new method of egg mass image recognition improves the efficiency of eggs number estimation. In this paper, the optimized Faster-RCNN target detection algorithm was used to recognize the egg mass image of Spodoptera frugiperda. The Maximum Between-Class Variance method (Otsu) was used for threshold segmentation to obtain the position, shape and size of the egg mass and calculate the area of the egg mass. The mean value of the relative error of the egg mass area in the test samples was -0.02032, and the minimum value was -0.00047. The experimental results show that the egg area calculation method proposed in this paper is fast and accurate, which can meet the requirements of egg area measurement.

Long-period modulated superstructures in Pd-12.5 at.%Ce and Pd-15 at.%Ce alloys

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Kuwano ◽  
Masaru Itakura ◽  
Kensuke Oki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Ultra High Purity ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Atomic Scattering ◽  
The Mean

Pd-Ce alloys exhibit various anomalies in physical properties due to mixed valences of Ce, and the anomalies are thought to be strongly related with the crystal structures. Since Pd and Ce are both heavy elements, relative magnitudes of (fcc-fpd) are so small compared with <f> that superlattice reflections, even if any, sometimes cannot be detected in conventional x-ray powder patterns, where fee and fpd are atomic scattering factors of Ce and Pd, and <f> the mean value in the crystal. However, superlattices in Pd-Ce alloys can be analyzed by electron microscopy, thanks to the high detectability of electron diffraction. In this work, we investigated modulated superstructures in alloys with 12.5 and 15.0 at.%Ce.Ingots of Pd-Ce alloys were prepared in an arc furnace under atmosphere of ultra high purity argon. The disc specimens cut out from the ingots were heat-treated in vacuum and electrothinned to electron transparency by a jet method.

Partition Coefficient Ratios and Tumour Perfusion Studied with 85mKr and 133Xe

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (06) ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
M. Mäntylä ◽  
J. Perkkiö ◽  
J. Heikkonen
Keyword(s):  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Compartmental Analysis ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Perfusion Rate ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
The Mean

The relative partition coefficients of krypton and xenon, and the regional blood flow in 27 superficial malignant tumour nodules in 22 patients with diagnosed tumours were measured using the 85mKr- and 133Xe-clearance method. In order to minimize the effect of biological variables on the measurements the radionuclides were injected simultaneously into the tumour. The distribution of the radiotracers was assumed to be in equilibrium at the beginning of the experiment. The blood perfusion was calculated by fitting a two-exponential function to the measuring points. The mean value of the perfusion rate calculated from the xenon results was 13 ± 10 ml/(100 g-min) [range 3 to 38 ml/(100 g-min)] and from the krypton results 19 ± 11 ml/(100 g-min) [range 5 to 45 ml/(100 g-min)]. These values were obtained, if the partition coefficients are equal to one. The equations obtained by using compartmental analysis were used for the calculation of the relative partition coefficient of krypton and xenon. The partition coefficient of krypton was found to be slightly smaller than that of xenon, which may be due to its smaller molecular weight.

Detection of Soluble Fibrin Monomer Complexes in Blood by Means of Protamine Sulphate Test

1968 ◽  
Vol 20 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 044-049 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Lipiński ◽  
K Worowski
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Coronary Thrombosis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Protamine Sulphate ◽  
Soluble Fibrin ◽  
Fibrin Monomer ◽  
Dog Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Precipitable Protein

SummaryIn the present paper described is a simple test for detecting soluble fibrin monomer complexes (SFMC) in blood. The test consists in mixing 1% protamine sulphate with diluted oxalated plasma or serum and reading the optical density at 6190 Å. In experiments with dog plasma, enriched with soluble fibrin complexes, it was shown that OD read in PS test is proportional to the amount of fibrin recovered from the precipitate. It was found that SFMC level in plasma increases in rabbits infused intravenously with thrombin and decreases after injection of plasmin with streptokinase. In both cases PS precipitable protein in serum is elevated indicating enhanced fibrinolysis. In healthy human subjects the mean value of OD readings in plasma and sera were found to be 0.30 and 0.11, while in patients with coronary thrombosis they are 0.64 and 0.05 respectively. The origin of SFMC in circulation under physiological and pathological conditions is discussed.

Detection of Circulating Tissue Factor and Factor VII in a Normal Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Albrecht ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Gabriele Siegert ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Heinz Großmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThe plasma tissue factor (TF) concentration was correlated to factor VII concentration (FVIIag) and factor VII activity (FVIIc) in 498 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 64 years. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed for the determination of TF and FVIIag in plasma. The mAbs and the test systems were characterized. The mean value of the TF concentration was 172 ± 135 pg/ml. TF showed no age- and gender-related differences. For the total population, FVIIc, determined by a clotting test, was 110 ± 15% and the factor VIlag was 0.77 ± 0.19 μg/ml. FVII activity was significantly increased with age, whereas the concentration demonstrated no correlation to age in this population. FVII concentration is highly correlated with the activity as measured by clotting assay using rabbit thromboplastin. The ratio between FVIIc and FVIIag was not age-dependent, but demonstrated a significant difference between men and women. Between TF and FVII we could not detect a correlation.

Determination of Plasminogen in Clots and Thrombi

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 038-050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Hedner ◽  
Inga Marie Nilsson ◽  
B Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Main Mechanism ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Digestion Time ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Casein Solution ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe plasminogen content was determined by a casein method in plasma and serum from 20 normal volunteers. The mean plasminogen content was found to be 10.1 ACU (the arbitrary caseinolytic unit defined in such a way that using a 3% casein solution and a digestion time of 20 min. at 37°C, 10 ACU gave an extinction of 0.300). No difference between serum and plasma regarding the plasminogen content was found.Plasminogen was determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from 2 ml plasma. The highest values found in the drained clots were 0.9 ACU/clot and 0.2 ACU/clot in the drained plus washed clots.Plasminogen was also determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from plasma with added purified plasminogen. The plasminogen was recovered in the washing fluid. According to these tests, then, purified added plasminogen is washed out of the clots.The plasminogen content of 20 thrombi obtained post mortem was also determined. The mean value was found to be 0.7 ACU/cm thrombus. Judging from our results, the “intrinsic clot lysis theory” is not the main mechanism of clot dissolution.

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