Milk-Composition in the Common Ringtail Possum, Pseudocheirus-Peregrinus (Petauridae, Marsupialia)

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Munks ◽  
B Green ◽  
K Newgrain ◽  
M Messer
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Pseudocheirus Peregrinus ◽  
Marsupial Species ◽  
Ringtail Possum

Milk samples were collected from captive common ringtail possums, Pseudocheirus peregrinus, throughout lactation and from free-living animals during phase 3 of lactation (weeks 15-30 post partum). Both field and captive animals lactated for approximately 30 weeks. In comparison with the milks of other marsupial species, ringtail possum milk was relatively dilute and low in lipid. During phase 2 of lactation (up to week 14) solids represented around 16% (w/w), comprising mostly carbohydrate and protein, increasing to 25% (w/w) at the onset of pouch emergence. During the period of pouch vacation (weeks 15-18) the carbohydrate concentration declined and protein and lipid concentrations peaked. Sodium and potassium concentrations throughout lactation were around 25 mm and 22 mm respectively. Calcium and magnesium levels were around 1.8 g per L and 131 mg per L respectively. Milk carbohydrates consisted mainly of oligosaccharides during phase 2 of lactation and these were replaced by the disaccharide lactose during phase 3 of lactation. The pattern of change in the composition of ringtail possum milk during phase 2 was similar to that shown by those of other marsupials, but during phase 3 the milk had higher levels of carbohydrate and lower levels of lipid than that of other marsupials. Differences in the composition of milk from free-living and captive animals suggest that diet composition may affect the concentration of milk protein and milk fat within a species.

Milk Composition in the Grey-headed Flying-fox, Pteropus poliocephalus (Pteropodidae : Chiroptera)

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Messer ◽  
Kerryn Parry-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Flying Foxes ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pteropus Poliocephalus ◽  
Flying Fox

Milk samples from 11 captive flying-foxes were collected at various times during lactation from 5 to 139 days post partum and analysed for protein, carbohydrate, total solids and ash. In addition, samples from 14 free-living animals, collected on a single occasion, were analysed. No significant changes in milk composition were observed during lactation in the captive bats except for a small increase in protein and a small decrease in carbohydrate concentration late in lactation. The milk from captive bats contained less protein and total solids than that from free-living animals (mean values: protein, 2·59 and 3·64%, repectively; total solids, 11·1 and 12·7%, repectively) but there was no significant difference with repect to the carbohydrate (6·13 and 6·44%, respectively). The fat content, estimated from the total solids by difference, was low (1·9 and 2·2%, respectively) in both captive and free-living animals. The results are compared with previously published values for milk composition in Chiroptera and are discussed in the context of nursing behaviour and diet in captive and free-living flying-foxes.

Milk Composition and Production in Free-Living Allied Rock-Wallabies, Petrogale Assimilis

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 659 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Merchant ◽  
H Marsh ◽  
P Spencer ◽  
G Death
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Milk Solids

Milk composition and the rates of milk consumption by pouch young were examined in free-living allied rock-wallabies, Petrogale assimilis. Milk solids concentrations were approximately 16% (w/w) at 70 days post-partum and increased to about 22% by 170 days when young first left the pouch. By permanent pouch emergence (about 200 days), concentrations had declined and stabilised at about 19%. Milk carbohydrate peaked at 12% (w/v) at 150 days; lipid concentrations averaged 8% (w/w) at 200 days. The subsequent decline in carbohydrates was the main cause of the fall in milk solids. Protein concentrations increased gradually from about 3% (w/v) at 70 days to plateau at 5.5% at about 200 days. Milk consumption rates were measured from 72 to 159 days post-partum with Na-22 turnover. Milk consumption, about 3 mL day(-1) initially, increased to an average of about 15 mL day(-1) by 150 days. The mass gained by a pouch young between 72 and 159 days for each millilitre of milk consumed was not correlated with lactational stage and averaged 0.21 +/- 0.014 (s.e.)g mL(-1).

Collection of fore and hind milk from the sow and the changes in milk composition during suckling

1992 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig S. Atwood ◽  
Peter E. Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Rapid Analysis ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Short Time

SummaryA new sampling method for the collection of fore and hind milk from the sow has been developed which resembles normal milk removal by the piglet, yet overcomes the difficulties of collecting milk that is available for only a short time (10–20 s) at each let-down. Samples of hind milk were collected immediately after the completion of a successful sucking, while the fore milk was collected at the beginning of the next natural let-down. Modification of existing assays for fat, protein and lactose was required to provide rapid analysis of the small volumes (< 0·5 ml) of milk collected using this procedure, and these methods were validated by comparison with reference methods. Total solids and the concentration of fat in whole milk, and protein and lactose in skim milk, were measured in fore and hind milk collected from 4, 20, 12 and 12 sows respectively, 6–11 d post partum. For fore milk, the results (mean ± SD (n)) were: total solids, 199·9±9·9 g/1 (8); fat, 96·7 ± 13·9 g/1 (41), protein, 47·7±4·5 g/1 (27) and lactose, 58·3 + 4±0 g/1 (27). In hind milk, there was a significant increase in the concentration of fat (15·3 g/1, p < 0·001, n = 41) which was reflected by a significant increase in total solids (14·7 g/1, P < 0·001, n = 8) and calculated energy (511 kj/l, P < 0·001, n = 27), but there was no significant difference in the concentration of either protein or lactose. This increase in milk fat during milk letdown is in contrast to the results of most previous studies in the sow and is discussed in terms of the possible mechanisms that may cause the concentration of fat to increase as milk is removed from the mammary gland.

scholarly journals LB19. Progress Toward a Vaccine for Maternal Immunization to Prevent Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Lower Respiratory Tract Illness (LRTI) in Infants

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S765-S766
Author(s):  
Louis Fries ◽  
D Nigel Thomas ◽  
Gale Smith ◽  
Joyce Plested ◽  
Pedro Piedra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Dose Finding ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Transplacental Transfer

Abstract Background RSV is the leading cause of infant LRTI and hospitalization worldwide. The greatest burden of severe disease is in term infants &lt;5 months old. Novavax is developing an aluminum-adjuvanted RSV F nanoparticle vaccine for use in the third trimester of pregnancy, with the goal of preventing medically significant infant RSV LRTI in the first 3–6 months of life via transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies. Method After dose-finding studies in 1,050 women, we studied vaccine safety and immunogenicity in a Phase 2 trial in 50 healthy third trimester pregnant women. Safety was assessed in mothers and infants, focusing on pregnancy and peri-partum outcomes. We measured binding and functional RSV antibodies in mothers at baseline, day 14, delivery, and days 35 and 180 post-partum, in cord blood, and in infant sera on days 14, 35, 60, and 180 of life. Anti-F antibody specificities were probed with biolayer interferometry and monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to known epitopes. Result In Phase 2, RSV F nanoparticle vaccine was immunogenic, safe, and well-tolerated in pregnant women. Anti-F IgG and neutralizing antibodies were elicited. Increases in antibodies competitive with mabs to neutralizing epitope sites Ø, VIII, II, and IV, and also the p27 domain displayed by the pre-fusogenic F protein, were present in maternal and infant sera of vaccinated subject pairs. Transplacental transfer of RSV antibodies was more efficient (110 to 120%) in women immunized &gt;30 days before delivery compared with those vaccinated later; RSV antibody t1/2 ranged from 30 to 41 days in infants. We have subsequently enrolled 4,636 pregnant women and their infants in a global observer-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 3 trial assessing efficacy against medically significant RSV LRTI. In November 2017, an informational analysis performed by an independent statistician, the sponsor remaining blinded, yielded a posterior probability of ≥90% that efficacy was &gt;0%. Conclusion RSV F nanoparticle vaccine is immunogenic in pregnancy, and neutralizing antibodies, including those competing for pre-and post-fusion F epitopes, are transferred efficiently transplacentally. An analysis of Phase 3 efficacy against medically signifcant infant RSV LRTI is projected for Q1, 2019. Disclosures L. Fries, Novavax: Employee and Shareholder, Salary. D. N. Thomas, Novavax: Employee, Salary. G. Smith, Novavax: Employee and Shareholder, Salary. J. Plested, Novavax: Employee, Salary. P. Piedra, Novavax: Collaborator, Consultant, Research Contractor and Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee, contract fees for immunologic assays and Research support. N. Patel, Novavax: Employee and Shareholder, Salary. I. Cho, Novavax: Employee and Shareholder, Salary. G. Glenn, Novavax: Employee and Shareholder, Salary.

scholarly journals The Effect of Bacillus licheniformis-Fermented Products and Postpartum Dysgalactia Syndrome on Litter Performance Traits, Milk Composition, and Fecal Microbiota in Sows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2044
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsiang Yu ◽  
Ting-Yu Hsu ◽  
Wei-Jung Chen ◽  
Yi-Bing Horng ◽  
Yeong-Hsiang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
Fermented Products

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products (BLFP) and postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS) on litter performance traits, milk composition, and fecal microbiota in sows in a commercial farrow to finish pig farm. Fifty multiparous cross-bred pregnant sows were randomly assigned to two groups in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments comprised a basal diet (pregnancy and nursery diet) as control and basal diet supplemented with 1.5 g/kg of BLFP. Sows with PDS in the two groups were further verified 12 h post-partum. Results show that the piglet body weight at weaning was increased in sows fed the BLFP compared to those fed the control diet. The milk fat content of prepartum sows was reduced in sows fed the BLFP. Postpartum sows with PDS had increased milk solid content compared with healthy sows. Microbial composition and species relative abundance analysis indicated distinct bacterial clusters between the groups. The abundance of the family Prevotellaceae in the feces decreased in sows with PDS. BLFP increased the average abundance of the genus (Eubacterium) coprostanoligenes group in feces of sows. These findings demonstrate that BLFP in the diet of sows can improve the piglet body weight at weaning and modulate the fecal microbiota of sows. PDS also has an impact on milk composition and fecal microbiota in sows.

Digestion of Eucalyptus Andrewsii Foliage by the Common Ringtail Possum, Pseudocheirus Peregrinus.

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 605 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Chilcott ◽  
ID Hume
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Pseudocheirus Peregrinus ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Nutritional Studies ◽  
Ringtail Possum

Mature common ringtail possums, Pseudocheirus peregrinus, maintained body weight when offered Eucalyptus andrewsii foliage as their sole diet. The ringtails consumed 30.9 g.d-� or 41.8 g.kg-0.75.d-� of dry matter, with a mean apparent digestibility of 59%. Mean digestibilities of E. andrewsii foliage fibre fractions were 45% (neutral-detergent fibre), 44% (acid-detergent fibre), 48% (hemicellulose), 59% (cellulose) and 26% ('lignin'). The significant digestibility of the 'lignin' of E. andrewsii foliage means that lignin cannot be used as an indigestible marker in nutritional studies of arboreal folivores consuming eucalypt leaf diets. The apparent digestibility of energy was 50%. The mean intake of digestible energy was 436 kJ.kg-0.75.d-� and of metabolizable energy 345 kJ.kg-0.75.d-�. Urinary energy loss averaged 23% of digestible energy intake or 12% of gross energy intake. These results are discussed in relation to the likely energy requirements of captive and free-living ringtail possums and the importance of Eucalyptus foliage in the field diet of free-living ringtails.

scholarly journals Differences in plasma metabolomics between sows feddl-methionine and its hydroxy analogue reveal a strong association of milk composition and neonatal growth with maternal methionine nutrition

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Zhang ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Guangmang Liu ◽  
Haifeng Wan ◽  
Yves Mercier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Glycogen Metabolism ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Neonatal Growth

The aim of the present study was to determine whether increased consumption of methionine asdl-methionine (DLM) or its hydroxy analoguedl-2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid (HMTBA) could benefit milk synthesis and neonatal growth. For this purpose, eighteen cross-bred (Landrace × Yorkshire) primiparous sows were fed a control (CON), DLM or HMTBA diet (n6 per diet) from 0 to 14 d post-partum. At postnatal day 14, piglets in the HMTBA group had higher body weight (P= 0·02) than those in the CON group, tended (P= 0·07) to be higher than those in the DLM group, and had higher (P< 0·05) mRNA abundance of jejunal fatty acid-binding protein 2, intestinal than those in the CON and DLM groups. Compared with the CON diet-fed sows, milk protein, non-fat solid, and lysine, histidine and ornithine concentrations decreased in the DLM diet-fed sows (P< 0·05), and milk fat, lactose, and cysteine and taurine concentrations increased in the HMTBA diet-fed sows (P< 0·05). Plasma homocysteine and urea N concentrations that averaged across time were increased (P< 0·05) in sows fed the DLM diet compared with those fed the CON diet. Metabolomic results based on1H NMR spectroscopy revealed that consumption of the HMTBA and DLM diets increased (P< 0·05) both sow plasma methionine and valine levels; however, consumption of the DLM diet led to lower (P< 0·05) plasma levels of lysine, tyrosine, glucose and acetate and higher (P< 0·05) plasma levels of citrate, lactate, formate, glycerol,myo-inositol andN-acetyl glycoprotein in sows. Collectively, neonatal growth and milk synthesis were regulated by dietary methionine levels and sources, which resulted in marked alterations in amino acid, lipid and glycogen metabolism.

Characteristics of moose lactation and neonatal growth

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 953-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed O. Reese ◽  
Charles T. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Milk Output ◽  
Alces Alces Gigas

Milk composition, neonatal milk intake, and growth of captive, maternally raised, singleton moose calves (Alces alces gigas) were measured during the first 4 months post partum. Milk intake rose to a peak of 4760 ± 1017 g/day at day 23 and then decreased with increasing calf age. Milk fat and crude protein levels declined until the time of peak milk output, and then increased. Ash content remained relatively constant whereas carbohydrate content diminished as lactation progressed. At peak output, milk averaged 20.5 ± 1.5% dry matter, 7.9 ± 1.5% fat, 7.2 ± 0.4% protein, 1.4 ± 0.1% ash, 3.7 ± 0.2% carbohydrate, and 1.29 ± 0.13 kcal/g wet mass (1 kcal = 4.18 kJ). The growth rates of maternally raised calves during the first 30 days (785 ± 115 g/day) were higher than those reported for bottle-raised calves.

Idalopirdin bei Alzheimererkrankung: nicht besser als Plazebo

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (08) ◽  
pp. 456-457
Keyword(s):  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Alzheimer Demenz

Die Blockade von Serotoninrezeptoren, insbesondere des Serotonin-Rezeptortyps 5-HT6, als Zusatztherapie in Kombination mit Cholinesterasehemmer, hat in experimentellen Versuchen sowie in einer Phase-2-Studie positive Effekte bei Demenz gezeigt. Im Rahmen eines Phase-3 Entwicklungsprogramms wurde nun die Effektivität des selektiven Serotoninrezeptor-Antagonisten Idalopirdin bei leichter bis mittelschwerer Alzheimer Demenz geprüft.

PENERAPAN MODEL QUANTUM LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR AUTOCAD SISWA KELAS X TEKNIK PEMESINAN SMK NEGERI 1 STABAT

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Hasan Saragih
Keyword(s):  
Positive Response ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Quantum Learning

This classroom research was conducted on the autocad instructions to the first grade of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat aiming at : (1) improving the student’ archievementon autocad instructional to the student of mechinary architecture class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat, (2) applying Quantum Learning Model to the students of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat, arising the positive response to autocad subject by applying Quantum Learning Model of the students of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat. The result shows that (1) by applying quantum learning model, the students’ achievement improves significantly. The improvement ofthe achievement of the 34 students is very satisfactory; on the first phase, 27 students passed (70.59%), 10 students failed (29.41%). On the second phase 27 students (79.41%) passed and 7 students (20.59%) failed. On the third phase 30 students (88.24%) passed and 4 students (11.76%) failed. The application of quantum learning model in SMK Negeri 1 Stabat proved satisfying. This was visible from the activeness of the students from phase 1 to 3. The activeness average of the students was 74.31% on phase 1,81.35% on phase 2, and 83.63% on phase 3. (3) The application of the quantum learning model on teaching autocad was very positively welcome by the students of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat. On phase 1 the improvement was 81.53% . It improved to 86.15% on phase 3. Therefore, The improvement ofstudent’ response can be categorized good.

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