scholarly journals Reputation offsets trust judgments based on social biases among Airbnb users

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (37) ◽  
pp. 9848-9853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Abrahao ◽  
Paolo Parigi ◽  
Alok Gupta ◽  
Karen S. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Reputation Systems ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Independent Population ◽  
Natural Tendency ◽  
The Common ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Social Biases

To provide social exchange on a global level, sharing-economy companies leverage interpersonal trust between their members on a scale unimaginable even a few years ago. A challenge to this mission is the presence of social biases among a large heterogeneous and independent population of users, a factor that hinders the growth of these services. We investigate whether and to what extent a sharing-economy platform can design artificially engineered features, such as reputation systems, to override people’s natural tendency to base judgments of trustworthiness on social biases. We focus on the common tendency to trust others who are similar (i.e., homophily) as a source of bias. We test this argument through an online experiment with 8,906 users of Airbnb, a leading hospitality company in the sharing economy. The experiment is based on an interpersonal investment game, in which we vary the characteristics of recipients to study trust through the interplay between homophily and reputation. Our findings show that reputation systems can significantly increase the trust between dissimilar users and that risk aversion has an inverse relationship with trust given high reputation. We also present evidence that our experimental findings are confirmed by analyses of 1 million actual hospitality interactions among users of Airbnb.

scholarly journals Conceptualizing the Digital Sharing Economy in the Context of Sustainability

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Pouri ◽  
Lorenz M. Hilty
Keyword(s):  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Current Production ◽  
The Common ◽  
Structural Impacts ◽  
Practical Implications

Human society is increasingly influencing the planet and its environmental systems. The existing environmental problems indicate that current production and consumption patterns are not sustainable. Despite the remarkable opportunities brought about by Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to improve the resource efficiency of production and consumption processes, it seems that the overall trend is still not heading towards sustainability. By promoting the utilization of available and underused resources, the ICT-enabled sharing economy has transformed, and even in some cases disrupted, the prevailing patterns of production and consumption, raising questions about opportunities and risks of shared consumption modes for sustainability. The present article attempts to conceptualize the sustainability implications of today’s sharing economy. We begin with presenting a definition for the digital sharing economy that embraces the common features of its various forms. Based on our proposed definition, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the digital sharing economy as a use case of ICT. The analysis is deepened by applying the life-cycle/enabling/structural impacts model of ICT effects to this use case. As a result, we show the various positive and negative potentials of digital sharing for sustainability at different system levels. While it is too early to project well-founded scenarios to describe the sustainability status of digital sharing, the implications discussed in our work may help outlining future research and policies in this area.

scholarly journals Examining Cross-Industry Collaboration in Sharing Economy Based On Social Exchange and Social Network Theories

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Cheng-Wen Lee ◽  
Hao-Yuan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Industry Collaboration ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
The Cost

Information technology and advanced online environments have reduced the cost of these exchange activities and triggered the emergence of the sharing economy. Con-sequently, public attitude toward the sharing economy has gradually shifted from re-luctance to acceptance. Moreover, the sharing economy has revolutionized the busi-ness models and viewpoints of conventional industries, and sharing service providers have gradually shifted from an independent to a collaborative stance, thereby affect-ing conventional economies. This study interprets the phenomenon of cross-industry collaboration in the sharing economy through social exchange and social network the-ories. A multiple-case research framework is used to examine tourism and service in-dustries. Secondary data of service providers and users on sharing platforms are ana-lyzed using content analysis, supplemented with a content analysis of the interview data of three hotel executives. The varying phenomena of the conventional and shar-ing economies on social exchange and social network were compared. Finally, this paper proposes conclusions and practical recommendations according to the analytical results. JEL classification numbers: D85, M31, L14. Keywords: Cross-Industry Collaboration, Sharing Economy, Social Exchange, Social Network.

Emerging themes and theories in the sharing economy: a critical note for hospitality and tourism

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levent Altinay ◽  
Babak Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Disruptive Behaviour ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tourism Studies ◽  
Emerging Themes ◽  
Hospitality And Tourism ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to review and synthesise recent studies in the sharing economy literature and identify the knowledge gap and future opportunities for hospitality and tourism researchers.Design/methodology/approachThe study commences by introducing sharing economy models and strategic frameworks for profitable service enabler performance. Following this, it identifies emerging overarching theories (e.g. complexity theory, social exchange theory, norm activation model, and value co-creation) and some emerging themes (i.e. trust and reputation, disruptive behaviour, choice and segmentation, pricing strategies, socially excluded consumers, personality and satisfaction) in current hospitality and tourism studies from top-tier journals.FindingsThe findings of the study suggest new paths for advancing theoretical and practical implications for hospitality and tourism studies.Practical implicationsThe themes, models and overarching theories reviewed in this study are relevant and insightful across the fulcrum of hospitality and tourism research. It offers several useful guides for practitioners and academics to trace relevant literature on different aspects of sharing economy and perceptibly highlight the gaps in existing studies.Originality/valueThe paper provides new directions to broaden interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches undertaken by scholars within both the field of hospitality and tourism management and beyond.

scholarly journals Fostering sustainability through technology-mediated interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 919-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marylyn Carrigan ◽  
Solon Magrizos ◽  
Jordon Lazell ◽  
Ioannis Kostopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Critical Overview

PurposeThis article addresses the lack of scholarly attention paid to the sharing economy from a sociological perspective, with respect to the technology-mediated interactions between sharing economy users. The paper provides a critical overview of the sharing economy and its impact on business and communities and explores how information technology can facilitate authentic, genuine sharing through exercising and enabling conviviality and non-direct reciprocity.Design/methodology/approachThe paper begins with a critique of the technology-mediated sharing economy, introduces the concept of conviviality as a tool to grow and shape community and sustainability within the sharing economy and then explores reciprocity and sharing behaviour. Finally, the paper draws upon social exchange theory to illustrate conviviality and reciprocity, using four case studies of technology-enabled sharing.FindingsThe paper contributes to the emerging debate around how the sharing economy, driven by information systems and technology, affects social cohesion and personal relationships. The paper elucidates the central role conviviality and reciprocity play in explaining the paradoxes, tensions and impact of the sharing economy on society. Conviviality and reciprocity are positioned as key capabilities of a more sustainable version of the sharing economy, enabled via information technology.Originality/valueThe findings reveal that information technology-mediated sharing enterprises should promote conviviality and reciprocity in order to deliver more positive environmental, economic and social benefits. The diversity of existing operations indicated by the findings and the controversies discussed will guide the critical study of the social potential of sharing economy to avoid treating all sharing alike.

Neighborhood Stereotypes and Interpersonal Trust in Social Exchange: An Experimental Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia A. Gorbunova ◽  
Jens Ambrasat ◽  
Christian von Scheve
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Trust Game ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Residential Neighborhood ◽  
German Capital ◽  
Stereotype Content

Recent research indicates that segregation is, in addition to many other undesirable consequences, negatively associated with social capital, in particular, generalized trust within a community. This study investigates whether an individual's residential neighborhood and the stereotypes associated with this neighborhood affect others’ trusting behavior as a specific form of social exchange. Using an anonymous trust game experiment in the context of five districts of the German capital, Berlin, we show that trusting is contingent on others’ residential neighborhood rather than on deliberate assessments of trustworthiness. Participants show significantly greater trust toward individuals from positively stereotyped neighborhoods with favorable sociodemographic characteristics than to persons from negatively stereotyped neighborhoods with unfavorable sociodemographics. Importantly, when stereotypes and sociodemographic factors point in opposite directions, participants’ trust decisions reflect stereotype content.

scholarly journals Conceptual metaphorical mapping in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

eLife ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph D Dahl ◽  
Ikuma Adachi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representation ◽  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Spatial Representation ◽  
Dominance Hierarchy ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Natural Tendency ◽  
The Common ◽  
Metaphorical Mapping

Conceptual metaphors are linguistic constructions. Such a metaphor is humans’ mental representation of social rank as a pyramidal-like structure. High-ranked individuals are represented in higher positions than low-ranked individuals. We show that conceptual metaphorical mapping between social rank and the representational domain exists in our closest evolutionary relatives, the chimpanzees. Chimpanzee participants were requested to discriminate face identities in a vertical arrangement. We found a modulation of response latencies by the rank of the presented individual and the position on the display: a high-ranked individual presented in the higher and a low-ranked individual in the lower position led to quicker identity discrimination than a high-ranked individual in the lower and a low-ranked individual in the higher position. Such a spatial representation of dominance hierarchy in chimpanzees suggests that a natural tendency to systematically map an abstract dimension exists in the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees.

Novel experimental findings in the B–Z system employing mixed substrates

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Jayalakshmi ◽  
R. Ramaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Exchange Current ◽  
Exchange Current Density ◽  
Oscillatory Behaviour ◽  
Mixed Substrates ◽  
Mixed Substrate ◽  
Common Substrate ◽  
The Common ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Experimental Findings

Certain novel features of the Belousov–Zhabotinsky (B–Z) system employing different mixed substrates and Mn(II) as the catalyst are presented. Malic acid is the common substrate together with one of malonic, citric, cyanoacetic, maleic, acetic, oxalic, or tartaric acid as the second substrate. The correlation of the oscillatory behaviour with values of exchange current density establishes the oscillatory control by the redox couple, namely, Mn(III)/Mn(II) and (or) Br2/Br−. Each substrate when used alone gives rise to an oscillatory behaviour with characteristic features that can be compared with the system containing mixed substrate. The combination of substrates provides different modes of oscillatory behaviour such as entrainment, independent, partial inhibition, or complete inhibition. These observations are rationalized in terms of relevant steps involved in the mechanism of the reaction. Key words: mixed substrate, exchange current density, entrainment, independent, inhibition.

scholarly journals Effect of Gig Workers’ Psychological Contract Fulfillment on Their Task Performance in a Sharing Economy—A Perspective from the Mediation of Organizational Identification and the Moderation of Length of Service

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2208
Author(s):  
Wenlong Liu ◽  
Changqing He ◽  
Yi Jiang ◽  
Rongrong Ji ◽  
Xuesong Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Organizational Identification ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Psychological Contract Fulfillment ◽  
The Relationship

Workers’ isolation may occur in gig employment in the sharing economy, which generates a weak perception of the organization and unpredictable work performance. Drawing on social exchange theory, this paper proposes a framework to explore the effect of psychological contract fulfillment on gig workers’ task performance from the perspective of the mediation of organizational identification and the moderation of the length of service. A total of 223 samples were recruited from Didi (a ride-hailing company in China) drivers. The results show that both transactional and relational psychological contract fulfillment can directly affect gig workers’ task performance and also indirectly affect it via organizational identification. When the length of service for the current company is taken into consideration, transactional contract fulfillment, as the representation of a company’s recognition of gig workers’ effort, has a stronger effect on the organizational identification of gig workers who have been working for the company for less than a year compared with those who have been working for a longer period. The results show no difference in the relationship between relational psychological contract and organizational identification between the two groups. Transactional psychological contract fulfillment exhibits the same significant effect on gig workers’ task performance in both groups. By contrast, relational psychological contract fulfillment has a stronger effect on long-serving Didi drivers than on those who joined the company within the year. These findings generate certain theoretical and practical implications for gig employment management in the sharing economy.

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