scholarly journals Natural climate solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (44) ◽  
pp. 11645-11650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronson W. Griscom ◽  
Justin Adams ◽  
Peter W. Ellis ◽  
Richard A. Houghton ◽  
Guy Lomax ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Action ◽  
Paris Climate Agreement ◽  
Natural Climate

Better stewardship of land is needed to achieve the Paris Climate Agreement goal of holding warming to below 2 °C; however, confusion persists about the specific set of land stewardship options available and their mitigation potential. To address this, we identify and quantify “natural climate solutions” (NCS): 20 conservation, restoration, and improved land management actions that increase carbon storage and/or avoid greenhouse gas emissions across global forests, wetlands, grasslands, and agricultural lands. We find that the maximum potential of NCS—when constrained by food security, fiber security, and biodiversity conservation—is 23.8 petagrams of CO2 equivalent (PgCO2e) y−1 (95% CI 20.3–37.4). This is ≥30% higher than prior estimates, which did not include the full range of options and safeguards considered here. About half of this maximum (11.3 PgCO2e y−1) represents cost-effective climate mitigation, assuming the social cost of CO2 pollution is ≥100 USD MgCO2e−1 by 2030. Natural climate solutions can provide 37% of cost-effective CO2 mitigation needed through 2030 for a >66% chance of holding warming to below 2 °C. One-third of this cost-effective NCS mitigation can be delivered at or below 10 USD MgCO2−1. Most NCS actions—if effectively implemented—also offer water filtration, flood buffering, soil health, biodiversity habitat, and enhanced climate resilience. Work remains to better constrain uncertainty of NCS mitigation estimates. Nevertheless, existing knowledge reported here provides a robust basis for immediate global action to improve ecosystem stewardship as a major solution to climate change.

scholarly journals Natural climate solutions for the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. eaat1869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Fargione ◽  
Steven Bassett ◽  
Timothy Boucher ◽  
Scott D. Bridgham ◽  
Richard T. Conant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Water Filtration ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Natural Climate

Limiting climate warming to <2°C requires increased mitigation efforts, including land stewardship, whose potential in the United States is poorly understood. We quantified the potential of natural climate solutions (NCS)—21 conservation, restoration, and improved land management interventions on natural and agricultural lands—to increase carbon storage and avoid greenhouse gas emissions in the United States. We found a maximum potential of 1.2 (0.9 to 1.6) Pg CO2e year−1, the equivalent of 21% of current net annual emissions of the United States. At current carbon market prices (USD 10 per Mg CO2e), 299 Tg CO2e year−1could be achieved. NCS would also provide air and water filtration, flood control, soil health, wildlife habitat, and climate resilience benefits.

scholarly journals National mitigation potential from natural climate solutions in the tropics

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1794) ◽  
pp. 20190126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronson W. Griscom ◽  
Jonah Busch ◽  
Susan C. Cook-Patton ◽  
Peter W. Ellis ◽  
Jason Funk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Land Stewardship ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Natural Climate

Better land stewardship is needed to achieve the Paris Agreement's temperature goal, particularly in the tropics, where greenhouse gas emissions from the destruction of ecosystems are largest, and where the potential for additional land carbon storage is greatest. As countries enhance their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to the Paris Agreement, confusion persists about the potential contribution of better land stewardship to meeting the Agreement's goal to hold global warming below 2°C. We assess cost-effective tropical country-level potential of natural climate solutions (NCS)—protection, improved management and restoration of ecosystems—to deliver climate mitigation linked with sustainable development goals (SDGs). We identify groups of countries with distinctive NCS portfolios, and we explore factors (governance, financial capacity) influencing the feasibility of unlocking national NCS potential. Cost-effective tropical NCS offers globally significant climate mitigation in the coming decades (6.56 Pg CO 2 e yr −1 at less than 100 US$ per Mg CO 2 e). In half of the tropical countries, cost-effective NCS could mitigate over half of national emissions. In more than a quarter of tropical countries, cost-effective NCS potential is greater than national emissions. We identify countries where, with international financing and political will, NCS can cost-effectively deliver the majority of enhanced NDCs while transforming national economies and contributing to SDGs. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Climate change and ecosystems: threats, opportunities and solutions’.

E-Voting Kepala Desa dan Modal Sosial

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 759
Author(s):  
Khaulah Afifah ◽  
Lala M Kolopaking ◽  
Zessy Ardinal Barlan
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
The Social ◽  
Voting System

Head of a village election with e-voting system is a new thing for community The success level of e-voting system can be reached by fulfil several principles in order to the implementation going effective and the result of the election can be accepted by all. The objectives of this research is to analyze the relation between the success level of e-voting system with social capital of the community. This research is carried out with the quantitative approach and supported by qualitative data. This research takes 60 respondents using simple random sampling technique. The results showed that the success level of e-voting has a correlation with the level of social capital of the community. Based on the field study, the social capital of the community is classified as high. The high social capital makes the implementation of e-voting successful and the success level is also high, because in the election ten years ago occurred a conflict. The community considers e-voting easier and more practical, cost effective and time-saving, and the results of e-voting are also reliable. A practical and fast of e-voting system can be a solution especially for “rural-urban” community who are busy or work outside the village.Keywords: E-voting, the success level of the system, social capital Pemilihan kepala desa dengan sistem e-voting merupakan hal yang baru bagi masyarakat. Keberhasilan penerapan sistem e-voting dilihat dari terpenuhinya beberapa prinsip agar penerapannya berlangsung efektif dan hasilnya dapat diterima oleh seluruh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan tingkat keberhasilan sistem e-voting dalam pemilihan kepala desa dengan tingkat modal sosial masyarakat. Bentuk penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang didukung oleh analisis data kualitatif. Penelitian ini mengambil enam puluh responden dengan teknik simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat keberhasilan e-voting memiliki hubungan dengan tingkat modal sosial masyarakat. Berdasarkan kajian di lapang, modal sosial masyarakat tergolong tinggi. Tingginya modal sosial tersebut membuat pelaksanaan e-voting berhasil dan tingkat keberhasilannya juga tergolong tinggi karena pada pemilihan sepuluh tahun silam sempat terjadi konflik. Masyarakat menganggap sistem evoting lebih mudah dan praktis, hemat dalam segi biaya dan waktu, serta hasil dari pemilihan juga dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Sistem e-voting yang praktis dan cepat dapat menjadi solusi khususnya bagi masyarakat daerah “desa-kota” yang memiliki kesibukan atau pekerjaan di luar desa.Kata Kunci: E-voting, keberhasilan sistem, modal sosial. 

Collaboration supports successful outcomes

Impact ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (9) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Antonio Loprieno
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Science Research ◽  
European Federation ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Learned Societies ◽  
Framework Conditions

ALLEA (All European Academies) is the European Federation of Academies of Sciences and Humanities. It was founded in 1994 and brings together almost 60 Academies of Sciences and Learned Societies from over 40 countries in the Council of Europe region. ALLEA is financed by annual dues from its member academies and remains fully independent from political, religious, commercial or ideological interests.<br/> Member Academies operate as learned societies, think tanks, or research performing organisations. They are self-governing communities of leaders of scholarly enquiry across all fields of the natural sciences, the social sciences and the humanities. ALLEA therefore provides access to an unparalleled human resource of intellectual excellence, experience and expertise. Furthermore, its integrative membership structure comprises Academies from both EU and non-EU member states in Europe.<br/> ALLEA seeks to contribute to improving the framework conditions under which science and scholarship can excel. Jointly with its Member Academies, ALLEA is in a position to address the full range of structural and policy issues facing Europe in science, research and innovation. In doing so, it is guided by a common understanding of Europe, bound together by historical, social and political factors as well as for scientific and economic reasons.

scholarly journals Digital Storytelling in Cultural Heritage: Audience Engagement in the Interactive Documentary New Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1193
Author(s):  
Anna Podara ◽  
Dimitrios Giomelakis ◽  
Constantinos Nicolaou ◽  
Maria Matsiola ◽  
Rigas Kotsakis
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Audience Engagement ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Social

This paper casts light on cultural heritage storytelling in the context of interactive documentary, a hybrid media genre that employs a full range of multimedia tools to document reality, provide sustainability of the production and successful engagement of the audience. The main research hypotheses are enclosed in the statements: (a) the interactive documentary is considered a valuable tool for the sustainability of cultural heritage and (b) digital approaches to documentary storytelling can provide a sustainable form of viewing during the years. Using the Greek interactive documentary (i-doc) NEW LIFE (2013) as a case study, the users’ engagement is evaluated by analyzing items from a seven-year database of web metrics. Specifically, we explore the adopted ways of the interactive documentary users to engage with the storytelling, the depth to which they were involved along with the most popular sections/traffic sources and finally, the differences between the first launch period and latest years were investigated. We concluded that interactivity affordances of this genre enhance the social dimension of cultural, while the key factors for sustainability are mainly (a) constant promotion with transmedia approach; (b) data-driven evaluation and reform; and (c) a good story that gathers relevant niches, with specific interest to the story.

scholarly journals Brazilian Mangroves: Blue Carbon Hotspots of National and Global Relevance to Natural Climate Solutions

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre S. Rovai ◽  
Robert R. Twilley ◽  
Thomas A. Worthington ◽  
Pablo Riul
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Nationally Determined Contributions ◽  
Natural Climate

Mangroves are known for large carbon stocks and high sequestration rates in biomass and soils, making these intertidal wetlands a cost-effective strategy for some nations to compensate for a portion of their carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, few countries have the national-level inventories required to support the inclusion of mangroves into national carbon credit markets. This is the case for Brazil, home of the second largest mangrove area in the world but lacking an integrated mangrove carbon inventory that captures the diversity of coastline types and climatic zones in which mangroves are present. Here we reviewed published datasets to derive the first integrated assessment of carbon stocks, carbon sequestration rates and potential CO2eq emissions across Brazilian mangroves. We found that Brazilian mangroves hold 8.5% of the global mangrove carbon stocks (biomass and soils combined). When compared to other Brazilian vegetated biomes, mangroves store up to 4.3 times more carbon in the top meter of soil and are second in biomass carbon stocks only to the Amazon forest. Moreover, organic carbon sequestration rates in Brazilian mangroves soils are 15–30% higher than recent global estimates; and integrated over the country’s area, they account for 13.5% of the carbon buried in world’s mangroves annually. Carbon sequestration in Brazilian mangroves woody biomass is 10% of carbon accumulation in mangrove woody biomass globally. Our study identifies Brazilian mangroves as a major global blue carbon hotspot and suggest that their loss could potentially release substantial amounts of CO2. This research provides a robust baseline for the consideration of mangroves into strategies to meet Brazil’s intended Nationally Determined Contributions.

scholarly journals Gastronomy unravelled by physics: Gastrophysics

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mie Thorborg Pedersen ◽  
Per Lyngs Hansen ◽  
Mathias Porsmose Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shed Light

Useful attempts to shed light on the nature of gastronomy from a scientific point of view and to unravel the crucial connection between food, eating and well-being are currently underrepresented in the scientific literature. However, several scientific disciplines ranging from the natural to the social sciences offer valuable new perspectives on gastronomy. As one of the key disciplines in natural science, physics offers original and rigorous perspectives on all processes and structures constrained by the laws of nature. The emerging discipline called gastrophysics employs the full range of concepts, techniques and methods from physics to generate useful scientific input to the complex and holistic reflections on gastronomy. Relying on a review of the existing literature, this article illustrates how a science-based gastrophysics emerges, to a large extent from the convoluted history of food science as well as from various recent – and often overlapping – attempts to combine modern scientific methodology to questions from gastronomy. However, the present review also insists on a physics-inspired methodology to handle scale and complexity in food preparation and consumption across length scales from sub-molecular to entire foods. We exemplify how gastrophysics directly helps to develop gastronomy and how it adds to current approaches in traditional food science. We also suggest that gastrophysics may prove relevant in the context of the ongoing food transformation, which focuses strongly on sustainability, but where the importance of gastronomic aspects in this transformation is greatly needed.

scholarly journals Combined NOx and NH3 Slip Reduction in a Stoker Boiler Equipped with the Hybrid SNCR + SCR System FJBS+

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8599
Author(s):  
Robert Wejkowski ◽  
Sylwester Kalisz ◽  
Przemysław Garbacz ◽  
Izabella Maj
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
Ammonia Slip

The application of secondary NOx control methods in medium to low-capacity furnaces is a relatively new topic on the energy market and thus requires further research. In this paper, the results of full-scale research of SNCR and hybrid SNCR + SCR methods applied into a 29 MWth solid fuel fired stoker boiler is presented. The tests were performed for a full range of boiler loads, from 33% (12 MWth) to 103% (30 MWth) of nominal load. A novel SNCR + SCR hybrid process was demonstrated based on an enhanced in-furnace SNCR installation coupled with TiO2-WO3-V2O5 catalyst, which provides extra NOx reduction and works as an excess NH3 “catcher” as well. The performance of a brand-new catalyst was evaluated in comparison to a recovered one. The emission of NOx was reduced below 180 mg NOx/Nm3 at 6% O2, with ammonia slip in flue gas below 10 mg/Nm3. Special attention was paid to the analysis of ammonia slip in combustion products: flue gas and fly ash. An innovative and cost-effective method of ammonia removal from fly ash was presented and tested. The main idea of this method is fly ash recirculation onto the grate. As a result, ammonia content in fly ash was reduced to a level below 6.1 mg/kg.

scholarly journals Cognitive Abilities in the Wild: Population-scale game-based cognitive assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads Kock Pedersen ◽  
Carlos Mauricio Castaño Díaz ◽  
Mario Alejandro Alba-Marrugo ◽  
Ali Amidi ◽  
Rajiv Vaid Basaiwmoit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
The Social ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Large Population Sample ◽  
Key Questions ◽  
Unique Dataset

Psychology and the social sciences are undergoing a revolution: It has become increasingly clear that traditional lab-based experiments fail to capture the full range of differences in cognitive abilities and behaviours across the general population. Some progress has been made toward devising measures that can be applied at scale across individuals and populations. What has been missing is a broad battery of validated tasks that can be easily deployed, used across different age ranges and social backgrounds, and employed in practical, clinical, and research contexts. Here, we present Skill Lab, a game-based approach allowing the efficient assessment of a suite of cognitive abilities. Skill Lab has been validated outside the lab in a crowdsourced population-size sample recruited in collaboration with the Danish Broadcast Company (Danmarks Radio, DR). Our game-based measures are five times faster to complete than the equivalent traditional measures and replicate previous findings on the decline of cognitive abilities with age in a large population sample. Furthermore, by combining the game data with an in-game survey, we demonstrate that this unique dataset has implication for key questions in social science, challenging the Jack-of-all-Trades theory of entrepreneurship and provide evidence for risk preference being independent of executive functioning.

scholarly journals SPECIFIC EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS IN THE REHABILITATION OF COGNITIVE CAPACITIES OF ADULTS DUE TO A CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT (EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION)

World Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (6(58)) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Aurelia Glavan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accident ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Mediated Learning ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
The Social

An optimal cognitive functionality ensures the efficiency of day-to-day activities and a person's integration into the socio-economic environment. Cognition is not a unitary concept, it incorporates several domains: attention, memory, executive functions, perception and praxis, language. Cognitive functions are affected as a result of a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), manifested by a prevalence of 20% to 80% after a stroke. We have proposed an experimental investigation - the use of the Reuven Feuerstein theory in the cognitive rehabilitation of post-stroke individuals, thus overcoming the social disadvantage and contributing to improving their quality of life, through social inclusion. The principle of mediated learning has proven to be effective in improving the cognitive abilities of post-stroke individuals in addition to medical treatment, representing an alternative service offered by the specialists in cognitive therapy, thus being a quick and cost-effective way of recovering.

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