‘Well, I answer it by simply inviting you to look at the evidence’

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Fetzer ◽  
Peter Bull
Keyword(s):  
Social Roles ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Proper Nouns ◽  
The Status ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Context Dependent

In the discourse of political interviews, references to participants can be expressed explicitly by proper nouns and forms of address, and they can be expressed implicitly by personal pronouns and other indexical expressions. The meaning of personal pronouns is context-dependent and retrievable only by inference, and therefore is less determinate. Furthermore, it can shift according to the status of the participants in interaction. This may occur both in terms of social roles and in terms of roles in talk and footing. In this context, an analysis was conducted of televised political interviews broadcast during the 1997 and 2001 British general elections and just before the war with Iraq in 2003. Question-response sequences were identified in which politicians made use of pronominal shifts as a form of equivocation. These sequences were analyzed in the context of Bavelas et al.s (1990) theory of equivocation and Goffmans (1981) concept of footing. The polyvalent function of pronominal shifts, their potential perlocutionary effects and strategic advantages are discussed.

Position of Nepali Congress in the Electoral Politics of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Amrit Kumar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Political Party ◽  
Electoral Politics ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Representative Democracy ◽  
General Election ◽  
The Status ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Election Commission

Nepali Congress (NC) is one of the oldest political party of Nepal. It played a vital role to abolish the century long autocratic Rana rule in 1951. It fought against the party-less Panchayat system and the regressive step of the king. It opposes active kingship and communism. It believes in a representative democracy. It has participated in every election of Nepal that was conducted democratically. It won more than two-thirds majority seats in the first general election held in 1959. In every election, it stayed in the first or second position. This article tries to analyze the status of NC in the elections of Nepal. Data of seven general elections were examined in this article. Data were extracted basically from the reports of the Election Commission.

The discourse of self in dementia

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEFF A. SMALL ◽  
KATHY GELDART ◽  
GLORIA GUTMAN ◽  
MARY ANN CLARKE SCOTT
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Special Care Unit ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Interpersonal Conflicts ◽  
Proper Nouns ◽  
Discursive Positioning

The preservation of self-identity in dementia is dependent upon internal (cognitive) and external (social) conditions. This study investigates the integrity of self (internal) and personae (external) in dementia as indexed by the verbal and nonverbal behaviours of dementia residents and their caregivers in a special care unit. Videotaped observations of spontaneous nursing staff-resident interactions were collected over a three-day period. The recordings were transcribed and subjected to detailed discourse analysis. Our analyses focused on several indexicals of self and personae including personal pronouns, proper nouns, interpersonal conflicts, and discursive positioning. The findings revealed that both self and personae are susceptible to decline in dementia. However, the results also provide evidence that even in severe dementia self and personae can be indexed in a variety of ways. We discuss the important role that caregivers can have in reinforcing self and personae in dementia.

Cognitive verbs in context

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Fetzer ◽  
Marjut Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Argumentative Discourse ◽  
British English ◽  
The Status ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Cognitive Verbs ◽  
And Function ◽  
Discourse Connectives

This paper examines the frequency, distribution and function of 1st person self-references with the cognitive verbs think and believe, and penser and croire in British English and French argumentative discourse comprising 29 British political interviews (178,712 words) and 26 French political interviews (118,825 words). It employs quantity-based methodology supplemented by insights from a context-dependent qualitative analysis, considering explicitly the co-occurrence of these cognitive verbs with discourse connectives. It argues for these 1st person self-references to be assigned not only a subjectivising function, but also one of expressing intersubjectivity. In the two sets of data, the parenthetical constructions signify that the status of a particular piece of information encoded in a proposition is open for negotiation. Depending on their co-occurrences with discourse connectives they may boost or attenuate the pragmatic force of the contribution which they qualify.

scholarly journals Collective suffixes and ad hoc categories: from Latin -ālia to Italian -aglia

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (s39-1) ◽  
pp. 201-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Magni
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Recent Proposal ◽  
Proper Nouns ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Collective Nouns

Abstract The expression of ad hoc categories ranges from discourse-level to syntactic and morphological strategies. Considering derivation in particular, it has been observed that also collective suffixes can be used for the identification of context-dependent sets. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relation between collectives and ad hoc categories by focusing on the Italian suffix -aglia and by discussing its diachronic relation with the Latin neuter nouns ending in -ālia. The discussion concerning the notion of collective will take into account a recent proposal that distinguishes between collective nouns, aggregate nouns, and superordinates. As will be shown, aggregate nouns are of particular interest for interpreting some Latin pluralia tantum in -ālia that denote sets of heterogeneous entities with similar properties. The same possibility to derive aggregate nouns characterizes the suffix -aglia that, when attached to proper nouns, can also convey associative meanings, or denote categories including persons and situations that share the named exemplar as a common denominator. As the analysis will show, the development of these functions correlates with the mechanisms of (inter)subjectification.

scholarly journals Pragmatic use of ancient greek pronouns in two communicative frameworks

Pragmatics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Meluzzi
Keyword(s):  
Female Characters ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Membership Categorization ◽  
Related Distribution ◽  
Pragmatic Function ◽  
Context Dependent

This paper deals with the use of personal pronouns (PPs) in Ancient Greek in two Aristophanes’ comedies (i.e. Lysistrata and Ecclesiazusae). The main purpose of this study is to show that Ancient Greek PPs often have a pragmatic function, in particular linked to the speaker’s communicative goals. The analysis highlights the presence of a gender-related distribution and a context-dependent use of personal pronouns. In particular, male characters prefer 1st person singular pronouns, whereas female characters use more 1st person plural pronouns with an inclusive value. Moreover, in two communicative frameworks it is possible to notice how PPs are used for their value of membership categorization. In this respect PPs can be considered possible markers of autonomía or afiliación (see Bravo 1999). Some peculiar instances of referential ambiguities concern in particular the use of 1st and 2nd person plural pronouns in both comedies.The analysis shows that use of Ancient Greek PPs varies according to gender and context. Moreover, it is clear that in both comedies this variation should be explained mainly as a pragmatic strategy of membership categorization, thus showing instances of non-prototypical uses of PPs similar to other languages (e.g. Spanish, English, Modern Greek).

scholarly journals Political instability, economic inequality and social conflict: The case in Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzia Ippolito ◽  
Lorenzo Cicatiello
Keyword(s):  
Social Conflict ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Status ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Political Choices

Rising economic inequality may produce a contraction of political stability and a spread of social conflict, as suggested by the theory of relative power. Following this approach, participation in the political arena depends on the distribution of incomes, because the relative rich use their power to ensure that the status quo do not change, while the relative poor are likely to abandon the public arena when they realize that their demands will not be discussed. Through the implementation of an index of political stability on the Italian general elections of 2008 and 2013, this study empirically tests whether political instability is linked with economic inequality. The results of the analysis, which examines the sub-regional level, show that the strengthening of economic inequality is a decisive factor affecting the weight of the elites in the determination of economic and political choices, and that it influences the distribution of votes between political blocks. This comes at the disadvantage of the poorest who, aware of their lesser chances to have influence, choose to change the character of their participation.

scholarly journals First Person Pronouns in Thai Political Language

MANUSYA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Anongnard Nusartlert
Keyword(s):  
Social Roles ◽  
First Person ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Componential Analysis ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Policy Statements

This research aimed to investigate the frequency of the use of first personal pronouns in Thai political language, and to analyze the semantic components of the usage of first personal pronouns by politicians. The data were collected from speeches, media programs, interviews, official statements, policy statements and the declaration of the dissolution of parliament. The results indicated that Thai politicians typically use seven first personal pronouns: phǒm ‘I (male singular excluding listeners)’ krɑ̀phǒm ‘I (male singular excluding listeners showing formality)’ ph.ɑk phǒm ‘we (plural excluding listeners)’ dìchɑ̌ n ‘I (female singular excluding listeners)’ rɑw1 ‘we (plural including listeners)’ rɑw2 ‘we (female excluding listeners showing informality)’ and ph.ɑk rɑw ‘we (plural including listeners)’. The meanings of these first personal pronouns depend on factors including gender, number, including listeners, and the level of formality. Moreover, the results also found that phǒm ‘I (male singular excluding listeners)’ and rɑw1 ‘we (plural including listeners)’ are the highest frequency pronouns used by politicians. The data concerning the frequency of use and the meaning of first personal pronouns were subjected to a componential analysis. The research found that personal pronouns reflect significant social roles, and that political language is the language of solidarity.

scholarly journals VOICES OF POLITICAL WOMEN ON WOMEN ISSUES IN THE MEDIA: A CASE OF PAKISTAN’S 2013 ELECTIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bushra H Rahman ◽  
Fakiha Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Women Politicians ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Status ◽  
General Elections ◽  
The Media ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Status Of Women ◽  
Economic Improvement

The study examines if women politicians of Pakistan in the media are portrayed as effective decision-makers who demonstrate their leadership abilities and dynamism in advocating women issues. It aims to study whether media was used as an organized effort to use political women to bring social and economic improvement in the status of women by examining the Pakistani media on the issues of women during Pakistan’s 2013 general elections. It explores the assumption put forward by the ‘critical mass theory’, that if women form the critical mass in the political power structure, they have a major effect on becoming a voice in the media for women issues. It is a content analysis of articles, editorials and features of four major dailies and talk shows of three major television channels during the Pakistan’s election year 2013. Findings show that women issues were just not sidelined but also women politicians were marginalized in the media to talk on women issues. The discourses on women by ‘empowered’ women were almost non-existent in the media.

scholarly journals TIPE NOMINA TAKRIF BAHASA INDONESIA DALAM KARANGAN SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR

LITERA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teguh Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Definite Description ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
School Students ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Proper Nouns ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Yogyakarta City

This study aims to describe definite nominals in the Indonesian language in elementary school students’ writings. The data source was descriptive and narrative writing of elementary school students in Yogyakarta City. The data were analyzed by means of a correspondence method with a referential division and a distribution method with element division, repetition, substitution, and deletion techniques. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that definite nominals in the Indonesian language in elementary school students’ writings consist of six types, i.e. (a) personal pronouns, (b) proper nouns, (c) possessive nominal phrases, (d) definite description, (e) demonstrative description, and (f) numeral description. In the realization, definite nominals –except proper nouns and personal pronouns– are not always present with definite markers. Nominals without definite markers can be definite if they are supported by contexts clarifying the referents.

scholarly journals Nudging und soziales Engagement: Wie kann Nudging dazu beitragen, die Spendenbereitschaft zu erhöhen?

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Adena Maja
Keyword(s):  
Social Engagement ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
The Status ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Do So

Zusammenfassung: Nudging hat das Potential, soziales Engagement zu erhöhen. In diesem Beitrag wird ausgehend von einigen Feldexperimenten diskutiert, wie vorgegebene Standards, Anker, Erinnerungen und weitere Methoden des Nudgings die Entscheidung, Geld für wohltätige Zwecke zu spenden, verändern können. So beeinflussen zum Beispiel nicht bindende Empfehlungen bezüglich der Spendenhöhe die Höhe der tatsächlich gespendeten Beträge. Einige Individuen entscheiden sich dann eher dafür, genau den empfohlenen und nicht einen anderen Betrag zu spenden. Dabei erhöhen einige ihre Spende, während andere sie verringern. Außerdem spenden mehr Personen, wenn die Empfehlung relativ niedrig ist, und weniger, wenn sie relativ hoch angesetzt wird. Insgesamt kann es deshalb durch eine empfohlene Spendenhöhe genauso gut zu einer Erhöhung wie zu einer Verringerung des insgesamt erzielten Spendenaufkommens kommen. Im Beitrag wird argumentiert, dass die Entscheidungen für ein bestimmtes Spendendesign nicht einfach sind und den jeweiligen Kontext berücksichtigen sollten. Zuletzt wird darauf hingewiesen, dass es keine „nudgingfreie“ Situation gibt, denn der Status quo, „nicht zu spenden“, ist auch ein Default. Summary: Nudging shows a potential to increase social engagement. The article discusses a series of large field experiments in which nudging techniques such as defaults, anchors, or reminders were implemented. The results suggest that nudging may influence donation decisions. Thus, for example, nonbinding donation recommendations change the distribution of contribution levels. More individuals choose to donate exactly the recommended amount. Some raise whereas others lower their contribution. More people donate if the recommendation is relatively low and less do so if it is relatively high. The overall effect is not clear ex ante. This and other examples show that design decisions are not simplistic and furthermore context dependent. Finally, it is demonstrated that nudging-free situations do not exist because the status quo “non-donor” is also a default.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document