Objective and subjective collocational frequency

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-91
Author(s):  
Hakan Cangır
Keyword(s):  
Target Word ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Systematic Method ◽  
Association Measures ◽  
T Score ◽  
Language Analysis

Abstract Research states that when deciding what target lexical items to focus in their syllabi, textbook designers tend to use their intuition and establish their framework for vocabulary teaching accordingly rather than using a systematic method. With the advent of computational methods for language analysis, contemporary EFL publishers also claim they have begun to design corpus-informed textbooks reflecting actual language use in their products as evidenced in a representative corpus. In an attempt to offer a more rational method to form corpus-oriented and pedagogically convenient target vocabulary lists, the present study, exploiting different association measures in a representative corpus, seeks to detect the collocational strength of 50 target word combinations presented in the two EFL textbooks as an initial step. Additionally, inspired by Ellis et al.’s (2008) research, the current study aims to investigate if/to what extent the association measures indicating collocational strength correlate with EFL instructors’ intuitions regarding collocational frequency. The results indicate that EFL instructors’ collocational frequency intuitions correlate strongly with an objective collocational frequency measure (t-score). The findings are likely to guide decision makers in tertiary level schools in constructing their vocabulary syllabi and designing materials for teaching collocations in particular.

Foreign language use among decision‐makers of successfully internationalised SMEs

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Knowles ◽  
Terry Mughan ◽  
Lester Lloyd‐Reason
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Decision Makers

Distinctive Linguistic Styles in Children with ADHD

2009 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungil Kim ◽  
Chang Hwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry

To assess whether the writing styles of children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) combined type differ significantly from those of children in a nonclinical control group, writing samples from 17 children with ADHD combined type and 18 children in a nonclinical control group were compared using the language analysis program Korean Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. These writing samples, produced in response to instructions, served as dependent variables. Analysis showed that children with ADHD used fewer linguistic variables (e.g., sentences, phrases, and morphemes) than the control group. In addition, the ADHD group used fewer words reflecting cognitive processes and fewer pronouns than members of the control group. Also, the ADHD group showed a different pattern in the use of words referring to friends. This study provides preliminary descriptive data on language use among children diagnosed with a main subtype of ADHD.

Collocation and word association

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beom-mo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
T Score ◽  
Log Likelihood ◽  
Knowledge Usage ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This paper studies the relationship between grammar and language use by comparing word association and collocation. Since word association reveals mental semantic knowledge, usage-based approaches expect word association to mirror the relation between words in use, namely collocation. The paragraph is a more apt unit for collocation than the sentence in mirroring word association. Among measures of collocation, (simple) log likelihood and t-score turn out to be more consistent with association, with log likelihood leading by a small margin over MI or MI3. Overall, word association and collocation are quite close, but not perfectly close because of differences in relevant resources and the characteristics of lexical/semantic relations.

Towards understanding and studying cohesion in schizophrenic speech

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Fine
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Theoretical Context ◽  
Broad Approach

ABSTRACTCohesion analysis has been used to investigate the language of schizophrenics and that associated with other psychiatric syndromes. Alverson and Rosenberg (1990) reviewed this technique. Such analyses properly imply the necessity and value of a broad approach to language and language use. To be optimally useful, cohesion analysis must be seen in its theoretical context. Cohesion is one means of creating text, and therefore it cannot account for all aspects of the pretheoretical notion of coherence. Cohesion may realize elements of register and code, but these concepts are distinct and account for different kinds of variation in language use. As a research tool, cohesion is one initial step of linguistic analysis that can meet the dual criteria of both an analysis of language in context and in reliability.

Translating restoration scenarios into habitat conditions: an initial step in evaluating recovery strategies for Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1578-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista K Bartz ◽  
Kerry M Lagueux ◽  
Mark D Scheuerell ◽  
Tim Beechie ◽  
Andrew D Haas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
Salmon Population ◽  
Alternative Scenarios ◽  
Imperiled Species

One of the challenges associated with recovering imperiled species, such as Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), is identifying a set of actions that will ensure species' persistence. Here we evaluate the effects of alternative land use scenarios on habitat conditions potentially important to Chinook salmon. We first summarize the alternative scenarios as target levels for certain land use characteristics. We then use the target levels to estimate changes in current habitat conditions. The scenarios we explore indicate considerable potential to improve both the quality and quantity of salmon habitat through protection and restoration. Results from this analysis constitute the habitat inputs to a population model linking changes in habitat to salmon population status. By transparently documenting the approach we use to translate land use actions into changes in salmon habitat conditions, we provide decision makers with a clear basis for choosing strategies to recover salmon.

Analysis of language use in public library storytimes

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 476-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cahill ◽  
Soohyung Joo ◽  
Kathleen Campana
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Oral Language ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Language Use ◽  
School Success ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Behavioral Skills ◽  
Oral Language Development

Public libraries are well positioned to support young children’s growth and development, yet few studies have examined programming to determine the extent to which they actually do. The current study investigated the nature of language use in public library storytimes as an initial step in determining their potential to contribute to the vocabulary and oral language development of young children. The study employed textual analysis methods with 22 storytime transcripts to identify token and type counts, the most frequent words spoken by participating librarians and children respectively, the major grammar elements present, and the top 20 nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Results suggest that librarians dominate storytime communication with language that is highly repetitive and complex, yet centered on children and cognitively accessible for them. Further, storytimes seem to promote cognitive and behavioral skills necessary for school success such as counting and exposure to foundational concepts like colors, size, and position.

Weaning Premature Infants from Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure – Current Practice and Scientific Evidence

2017 ◽  
Vol 229 (04) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Kidszun ◽  
Christine Arnold ◽  
Julia Winter ◽  
Catharina Whybra-Trümpler ◽  
Eva Mildenberger
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Past

Abstract Objective In the past decade, a number of trials have been conducted to determine the optimal strategy of weaning premature infants from nasal continuous airway pressure (nCPAP). However, a paucity of information exists on how weaning is actually performed in clinical routine. Aim of this study was to investigate the current practice of weaning premature infants from nCPAP in Germany. Methods An online survey was performed in German tertiary care neonatal units. Results All 160 German tertiary care units were contacted. Replies were retrieved from 85/160 (53%) units, of which 83/160 (52%) completed the questionnaire. 66/83 (80%) respondents indicated to wean without the use of formal written policies. In 44/83 (53%) units weaning decisions are made jointly between physicians and nurses, whereas physicians are the sole decision makers in 33/83 (40%) as are nurses in 6/83 (7%) units. Many units use more than one weaning strategy. 81/83 units (98%) gradually reduce nCPAP pressure as the initial step in the weaning process. 9/83 (11%) units stop nCPAP at standard criteria [CICADA (CeasIng nCpap At standarD criteriA) method] and 58/83 (70%) units use a cycling nCPAP on/off strategy. 52/83 (63%) of the responding units use nasal high flow at least at some point during the weaning process, either as a gradual weaning method or during nCPAP breaks. Conclusion Weaning strategies from nCPAP vary widely in German tertiary care neonatal units. It appears that evidence is still insufficient to promote a distinct weaning strategy which in turn highlights the urgent need for further adequately powered clinical trials.

Suicide Risk Factors: A Language Analysis Approach in Social Media

2021 ◽  
pp. 0261927X2110361
Author(s):  
Gerardo Sierra ◽  
Patricia Andrade-Palos ◽  
Gemma Bel-Enguix ◽  
Alejandro Osornio-Arteaga ◽  
Adriana Cabrera-Mora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Mexican Culture ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Suicide Risk Factors ◽  
The Difference

Suicide represents a public health issue that requires new preventive strategies. Therefore, this study analyzes differences in language use between a themed posts group (suicide and depression) and a random posts group (non-specific topics) from different social media platforms. In addition, the similarity of the texts of themed posts group with the set of phrases linked to suicide risk factors is analyzed. Texts were processed using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software. A 95% bootstrap confidence interval (CI) was built for the difference in means for the resulting values per word category across groups. Significant differences in the use of language were observed between the themed post group and the random post group, whereas no differences were found between the themed post group and the set of phrases linked to suicide risk factors. These results can contribute to the development of risk-detection tools, which identify users at risk based on the analysis of language use embedded in social media. Such opportune detection would significantly increase the suicide prevention work. However, there is still a latent need for doing more research in this field, especially for the Mexican culture.

scholarly journals Self-Assessment of Vocabulary and Relevant Language Skills for Evaluation Purposes

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Janulevičienė ◽  
Galina Kavaliauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
English For Specific Purposes ◽  
Tertiary Level ◽  
Retention Data ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Vocabulary Retention ◽  
Linguistic Performance ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Practical Implications

Learner self-assessment of linguistic performance has been lately used due to its potential to activate the process of learning. Self-assessment raises learner awareness of language use and leads to developing learner responsibility and autonomy. However, usefulness of self-assessment for evaluation purposes has been scarcely researched. This paper examines some aspects of learners’ self-assessment for evaluation purposes at tertiary level. Research focuses on self-assessment of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) vocabulary and some language skills relevant for vocabulary retention. Data on learner self-assessment are compared to actual results in tests. The analysis provided points to importance of self-evaluation in language acquisition and suggests practical implications of self-assessment for evaluation.

Preliminary Analysis of Language Styles in a Sample of Schizophrenics

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang H. Lee ◽  
Myungju Lee ◽  
Sungwoo Ahn ◽  
Kyungil Kim
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Analysis Program ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Normal People ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
Linguistic Inquiry ◽  
Language Styles

Language use of schizophrenics and normal people was compared by applying the language analysis program, Korean Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. Participants were asked to write a story about the most emotional experience of their lives on A4 size paper. 28 schizophrenics ( M age: 26 yr.) and 32 normal people (Ai age: 23 yr.) participated. Analysis showed normal people used more words about jobs and achievements and fewer words about sex and food. The schizophrenics used fewer pronouns, personal pronouns, and adverbs than the normal group. Some aspects of clinical mechanism are manifest in language uses.

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