Paradoxes of translation

Target ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Vannini

Abstract In this article, I consider what is assumed to be the speculative paradox of translation: that translation is theoretically impossible but actually practicable. My thesis is that this aporia is nothing but a consequence of the limited way in which translation is often conceptualised. In this article, the term ‘translation’ is to be understood as interlingual translation, unless otherwise indicated; more precisely, as literary translation. In order to present my argument, I will examine three examples of translation, namely: (1) the fictionalisation of the translation process in Nicole Brossard’s novel Le désert mauve; (2) Jean-François Billeter’s translation of a poem by the medieval Chinese poet Su Dongpo; and (3) the translation of the words ‘tragedy’ and ‘comedy’ by the fictional character Averroes in a short story written by Jorge Louis Borges. The analysis of these real or fictitious examples of translation will help to introduce the notion of the unspoken as that which cannot be transmuted or recognised as a sign. This ever-present dimension of the translation process will allow me to show that the thesis of fundamental untranslatability is a false aporia, which derives from a reductive understanding of the phenomenon of translation.

Author(s):  
Bairon Oswaldo Vélez

This paper comments on the first Spanish translation of João Guimarães Rosa's short story "Páramo", which narrates the exile of a Brazilian lost with mountain sickness in a cold and hostile Bogotá. This translation is briefly explained in the following pages, giving special emphasis to some prominent features of the original version, in addition to the cultural context, critical and theoretical readings and the translation strategy evident in the translator‘s intervention. Finally, it is made clear how a certain perspective of the other – present in the original version as well – passes through the translation process and indicates the conditions of its presentation in the target language. The original article is in Portuguese.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-44
Author(s):  
Marija Zlatnar Moe ◽  
Tamara Mikolič Južnič ◽  
Tanja Žigon

AbstractThe article explores the interaction among three key figures in the process of publication of a literary translation into a language of low diffusion: the translator, the editor and the language reviser (the latter specific to the Slovene situation). The aim of the research is to identify who has the strongest position of power in the decision-making process of the production of a literary translation, especially when conflict arises. Information was gathered from the three groups with questionnaires, interviews and an analysis of public statements. The questions focused on the selection of the translator and language reviser, the translation process, the revision process and conflict resolution. A cross-comparison of the results indicates that despite the automatic central position of the editors, they tend to yield their decision-making power to translators, while language revisers have a more subservient, consulting role.


2021 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 129-144
Author(s):  
Michał Gąska

Utilising notes or glossaries in literary translation has both its opponents and supporters. While the former conceive it as a translator’s helplessness and failure, the latter defend it as a manner of overcoming cultural barriers. The present article aims to scrutinize glossaries used as an explicative translation technique with regard to the rendering of the third culture elements. The analysis is conducted on the basis of the novel by Dutch writer Hella S. Haasse: Sleuteloog, in which the action is set in the Dutch East Indies. For this reason, Indonesian culture occurs as the third culture in the translation process. The source text is juxtaposed with its translations into German and Polish in order to examine the similarities and differences in images of the third culture elements the glossaries evoke in the addressees of the target texts.


2021 ◽  
pp. 206-255
Author(s):  
Stefano Evangelista

This chapter explores the relationship between the proliferation of artificial languages and literary cosmopolitanism at the turn of the century: both strove to promote ideas of world citizenship, universal communication, and peaceful international relations. The two most successful artificial languages of this period, Volapük and Esperanto, employed literature, literary translation, and the periodical medium to create a new type of cosmopolitan literacy intended to quench divisive nationalisms and to challenge Herder’s theories on the link between national language and individual identity. Starting with Henry James’s lampooning of Volapük in his short story ‘The Pupil’ (1891), the chapter charts the uneasy relationship between literature and artificial language movements. Ludwik L. Zamenhof, the creator of Esperanto, stressed the importance of literary translation for his utopian ideal and used original literature to explore the complex affect of his cosmopolitan identity. The chapter closes with an analysis of the growth of the Esperanto movement in turn-of-the-century Britain, focusing on its overlap with literary, artistic, and radical circles, on contributions by Max Müller, W. T. Stead, and Felix Moscheles, and on the 1907 Cambridge Esperanto World Congress.


2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01123
Author(s):  
Julia Privalova ◽  
Victoria Ovcharenko ◽  
Natalia Kashirina ◽  
Alexey Yakovlev

The paper concerns teaching literary translation as a type of cross-cultural speech act in the system of translators’ professional training and integrated into the course of “Home Reading”.The authors believe that all disciplines that comprise translators’ professional training should be profession-oriented, equipping the students with skills and competences necessary for effective cross-cultural mediation, thus contributing to the formation of a cross-cultural component of the translator’s competence. A hierarchy of tasks and assignments is presented in accordance with the three-stage structure of the translation process (pre-translation, translation, and post-translation stages).The results and efficiency of the proposed method, tested in the course of a 17-years long experimental teaching, is described.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-384
Author(s):  
Gulnora N. Khidirova

The compared languages (Uzbek and Russian) belong to languages of different grammatical structure, which has a decisive theoretical and practical significance in the cognition of linguistic phenomena. The grammatical structure of these languages is determined by the nature of their syntax and morphology. Differences in languages at different levels of their system cause translation difficulties. This is the reason for the use of syntactic transformations in the translation process. The article analyzes syntactic transformations - transformations of the structure of a sentence or one syntactic type of sentence into another, based on the material of Russian translations of A. Kadiris novel Past Days. It is shown that transformations occupy an important place in literary translation, since it is often impossible to use correspondences from dictionaries. With the help of transformations, it is possible to change the internal form of lexical units or replace one or another syntactic structure for an adequate transfer of content. Based on factual material, the influence of lexical, grammatical and stylistic factors on the methods of interlingual replacement, means of compensation, various transformations, including syntactic transformations, is considered.


Author(s):  
Paulina Drewniak

This chapter explores the international transmedial phenomenon, The Witcher, which began life as a 1986 Polish short story, ‘Wiedźmin’ (The Witcher) by Andrzej Sapowski, but has become a paradigm of the intercultural communication facilitated by the digital age, including not only translated fiction, but also fan fiction and fan translations, a videogame trilogy and a film. The chapter highlights the new opportunities that digital cultures offer translated literatures, regardless of national origin, and the challenges they present to existing translation studies theory, dominated by the circulation of high literature in book form. It also notes, however, how even internationally co-owned genre franchises, old considerations of national cultural diplomacy, narrative and identity remain.


Author(s):  
Vida Jesenšek

AbstractMost phrasemes contain varied semantic, stylistic, functionally pragmatic, and text-forming properties. Furthermore, phrasemes also contain additional semantic and pragmatic properties. Hence, they are regarded as complex for the translation process. Their complexity becomes even more evident during literary translation. The relationship between dictionary equivalence and text equivalence within interlingual connections is considered as particularly important. Consequently, it is observed in the present paper. The research is based on recorded instances of translated phrasemes between German as the source language and Slovene as the target language. The paper outlines how original German phrasemes were translated into Slovene, which translation procedures and strategies were applied, and to what extent dictionaries were used during the translation process. It has become evident that contrastive-linguistically defined and lexicographically documented phraseological system equivalence does not sufficiently cater for the active translator. The active translator namely principally seeks functionally pragmatic interlingual equivalence, which has to be determined in compliance with a given context. The analysis has shown many phrasemes to feature specific semantic characteristics. Consequently, the meaning of each phraseme is essentially dependent on context. Meanings of phrasemes vary significantly and can lexicographically be accurately deduced only by taking different contexts into consideration. Requirements for highlighting phraseology in dictionaries appropriately - in order for dictionaries to be applicable as viable translation aids - should therefore be based on the essential semantic characteristics of phrasemes in order to enable the user (translator) to access a vast repository of tentative translation equivalents.


Babel ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang

Abstract The article examines the importance of the reading process in translation, explaining the function of two different reading stances, aesthetic and efferent. I apply Rosenblatt's transactive reading theory to the reading process in translation, using as an example my own experience of translating a Chinese short story into English to demonstrate the complicated role that reading transaction plays in translation. According to Rosenblatt, the meaning of a text is only formed when the reader transacts with the writer by sharing their psychological, social, and language experience through reading. Hence, different purposes of reading in various stages of translation affect greatly the reading process and the interpretation of the text. I realize that when I first read the Chinese story for my personal pleasure, I was led into an aesthetic living-through experience. But in my second reading of the same story for the purpose of translation, I had to adopt a more distanced, more efferent stance in order to search for the implied tone and mood of the work. The re-reading of both the Chinese and the English texts after translation, on the other hand, requires both efferent and aesthetic stances for a linguistic as well as an artistic evaluation. I draw the conclusion that the reading/translation process is necessarily a process of negotiation between aesthetic and efferent stances. A TL text completely identical to an SL text is not producible, not only because of linguistic and cultural differences, but also because of the idiosyncratic nature of the reading transaction. Résumé Le présent article examine l'importance que revêt, en matière de traduction, le processus de lecture, en expliquant la fonction de deux attitudes de lectures différentes: la perception esthétique et la perception efférente. En ce qui concerne le processus de lecture en matière de traduction, l'auteur applique la théorie de Rosenblatt sur la lecture transactive, en se servant, à titre d'exemple, de sa propre expérience de la traduction en anglais d'une nouvelle chinoise, pour démontrer le rôle complexe de la lecture. Selon Rosenblatt, la signification d'un texte n'est clairement établie que lorsque le lecteur s'engage avec l'auteur dans une relation d'échange qui implique le partage, par la lecture, de leur expérience commune des domaines psychologique, social et linguistique. Par conséquent, les différents objectifs de la lecture, à différents niveaux de traduction, influencent fortement le processus de lecture et l'interprétation du texte. L'auteur est conscient du fait que sa première lecture — pour le plaisir — de la nouvelle chinoise lui a fait vivre une expérience esthétique. Mais lors de sa seconde lecture, accomplie en vue de traduire la nouvelle, il a été obligé d'adopter une attitude plus distanciée, plus objective, afin de découvrir le ton et l'esprit dans lesquels était rédigé l'ouvrage. En revanche, lorsqu'il s'agit d'évaluer le texte traduit, tant au niveau linguistique qu'artistique, la relecture, après traduction donc, des textes chinois et anglais exige d'adopter les deux attitudes, tant esthétique qu'efférente. L'auteur arrive donc à la conclusion que le processus de lecture/traduction est nécessairement un processus de négociation entre l'attitude esthétique et l'attitude efférente. Il est impossible de produire un texte parfaitement identique dans la langue d'arrivée, et ce non seulement en raison des divergences linguistiques et culturelles, mais également à cause de la nature idiosyncrasique du processus de lecture.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
Lusi Mardiana ◽  
Ahmad Jum’a Khatib Nur Ali

Translation allows readers to enjoy literary works from all over the world without being constrained by foreign language mastery. For Producing commensurate literary works, translation strategies are employed to deal with different language systems. This research aims at investigating strategies employed by the translator in translating the Indonesian literary work into English. This Descriptive-Analytical Study has been completed by qualitative and quantitative methods. The data sources used are the Indonesian short story Apel and Pisau by Intan Paramaditha and its translation. The 219 collected data are analyzed by using Kazakova’s theory of literary translation. The results in this study indicate that the translator used (1) The Observer Strategy 70,78% (155 data), (2) The Helper Strategy 23,74 % (52 data), (3) The Adherent Strategy 3,65 % (8 data), and (4) The Enlightener Strategy 1,83% (4 data). The study reveals that the strategy dominantly prevailed is the observer strategy (70,78%), and the most dominant approach is unbiased (74,71 %). Also, it is found that the translation ideology is foreignization, where the translator tries to keep the sense of originality of the author’s work.


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