scholarly journals Syntactic Transformations in Russian Translations of A. Kadiri’s Novel “Past Days”

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-384
Author(s):  
Gulnora N. Khidirova
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Different Levels

The compared languages (Uzbek and Russian) belong to languages of different grammatical structure, which has a decisive theoretical and practical significance in the cognition of linguistic phenomena. The grammatical structure of these languages is determined by the nature of their syntax and morphology. Differences in languages at different levels of their system cause translation difficulties. This is the reason for the use of syntactic transformations in the translation process. The article analyzes syntactic transformations - transformations of the structure of a sentence or one syntactic type of sentence into another, based on the material of Russian translations of A. Kadiris novel Past Days. It is shown that transformations occupy an important place in literary translation, since it is often impossible to use correspondences from dictionaries. With the help of transformations, it is possible to change the internal form of lexical units or replace one or another syntactic structure for an adequate transfer of content. Based on factual material, the influence of lexical, grammatical and stylistic factors on the methods of interlingual replacement, means of compensation, various transformations, including syntactic transformations, is considered.

PUNCTUATION INTERFERENCE DURING TRANSLATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE FRENCH LANGUAGE OF MOROCCAN BILINGUALS)

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-153
Author(s):  
Е.В. Кашкина ◽  
Т.В. Гиляровская
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
French Language ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
African Region ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The North ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
French Speaking

Постановка задачи. Настоящая работа посвящена изучению некоторых особенностей перевода знаков пунктуации. Внимание обращается на особенности перевода пунктуации во французском языке под влиянием арабского языка стран Магриба. Перевод пунктуации рассматривается на примере художественного произведения, текст которого максимально приближен к разговорному французскому языку жителей пригородов метрополии и франкофонов в северной Африке. Анализ пунктуационных элементов, организующих текстовое пространство, которые использует автор и переводчик, позволяет делать вывод о разных пунктуационно-графических способах отражения мира внутреннего и внешнего, а также о содержащейся информации об особом модусе языка, передающем особые модусы сознания. Результаты. Вопросы интерференции при переводе занимают важное место в связи с интересом к такому явлению, как языковые варианты; проблема перевода пунктуации является важной ее составляющей. Во-первых, потому, что знаки препинания сами по себе многозначны. Также трудности перевода связаны с авторским использованием знаков пунктуации и их сочетаний. И, наконец, случаи пунктуационной интерференции, представленные в нашем исследовании, необходимо учитывать при переводе с французского языка, функционирующего в магрибском регионе. Выводы. Данное исследование и анализ богатства просодической составляющей французского языка пригородов демонстрирует, в частности, что устная речь по-прежнему наличествует в большой части дискурса художественных практик франкоязычных писателей XX-XXI веков. Во французском тексте магрибинской писательницы Фаизы Гэн «Туда-сюда» (Faїza Guène «Kiffe kiffe demain») мы находим знаки препинания, которые всячески подчеркивают устный характер заявлений, воспроизводя паузы и эмоции в письменном виде. Это случаи с точкой и восклицательным знаком и знаком вопроса; особенно частотное использование многоточий, которые иногда кажутся неуместными. Автор, скорее всего, делает это по двум причинам: максимально представить подлинность живой речи и показать уникальность французского языка североафриканского региона. Пунктуационная интерференция получает своё значение в синтаксической структуре высказывания. В то же время, грамматический строй арабского языка имеет свои отличительные особенности в отношениях форма-содержание всех грамматических единиц, что наблюдается в интерференции, свойственной речи марокканцев на французском языке, в устной спонтанной речи. Statement of the problem. This work is devoted to the study of some of the features of the translation of punctuation marks. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the translation of punctuation in French under the influence of the Arabic language of the Maghreb countries. The translation of punctuation is considered on the example of a work of fiction, the text of which is as close as possible to the spoken French language of the inhabitants of the suburbs of the metropolis and Francophones in North Africa. An analysis of the punctuation elements that organize the text space, which are used by the author and the translator, makes it possible to draw a conclusion about different punctuation-graphic ways of reflecting the inner and outer world, as well as the information contained about a special mode of language that conveys special modes of consciousness. Results. Questions of interference in translation occupy an important place in connection with the interest in such a phenomenon as language variants; the problem of translation of punctuation is an important part of it. First, because punctuation marks themselves are ambiguous. Also, translation difficulties are associated with the author's use of punctuation marks and their combinations. And finally, the cases of punctuation interference presented in our study should be taken into account when translating from the French language operating in the Maghreb region. Conclusion. This study and analysis of the richness of the prosodic component of the French language of the suburbs demonstrates, in particular, that oral speech is still present in a large part of the discourse of artistic practices of French-speaking writers of the XX-XXI centuries. In the French text by the Maghreb writer Faiza Gen «Kiffe kiffe demain» (Faїza Guène «Kiffe kiffe demain»), we find punctuation marks that emphasize the oral nature of statements in every possible way, reproducing pauses and emotions in writing. These are cases with a period and an exclamation mark and a question mark; especially the frequent use of ellipsis, which sometimes seems out of place. The author most likely does this for two reasons: to maximize the authenticity of living speech and to show the uniqueness of the French language in the North African region. Punctuation interference gets its meaning in the syntactic structure of a statement. At the same time, the grammatical structure of the Arabic language has its own distinctive features in the form-content relationship of all grammatical units, which is observed in the interference inherent in the speech of Moroccans in French in spontaneous oral speech.

Who determines the final version? The roles of translators, language revisers and editors in the publishing of a literary translation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-44
Author(s):  
Marija Zlatnar Moe ◽  
Tamara Mikolič Južnič ◽  
Tanja Žigon
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Revision Process ◽  
Final Version ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe article explores the interaction among three key figures in the process of publication of a literary translation into a language of low diffusion: the translator, the editor and the language reviser (the latter specific to the Slovene situation). The aim of the research is to identify who has the strongest position of power in the decision-making process of the production of a literary translation, especially when conflict arises. Information was gathered from the three groups with questionnaires, interviews and an analysis of public statements. The questions focused on the selection of the translator and language reviser, the translation process, the revision process and conflict resolution. A cross-comparison of the results indicates that despite the automatic central position of the editors, they tend to yield their decision-making power to translators, while language revisers have a more subservient, consulting role.

scholarly journals The work of Mark Antonovych in the Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences (USA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Svitlana S. Hodzhal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Active Member ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The purpose of the article is to characterize Mark Antonovichʼs activities at the Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences (USA) as President of the UAN and to determine his contribution to the development of the Academy. Methods of research: historical-typological, historical-genetic, historical-system. Main results: An important contribution to the development and preservation of Ukrainian historical science can be considered the work of researchers in the scientific institutions of the diaspora in the twentieth century. The article analyzes the scientific and organizational work of Marko Dmytrovych Antonovych as an active member of the Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences (UVAN). Marko Dmytrovych joined the scientific institution at the beginning of its foundation. The researcher took an active part in scientific conferences and fruitfully co-operated in the first group of History and Early History with auxiliary sciences, where Marko Antonovych served as secretary. After being elected President by the UVAN in the United States, he devoted himself entirely to the work of the organization. The scientist was in this position during 1992–1997. As the President of UVAN, M. Antonovych participated in the organization of scientific conferences speaking up with the reports. In addition, he was engaged in editing and preparing for the publication of scientific publications. During this period, under the auspices of UIA under the editorship or with the introductory word of M. Antonovych nine editions were published. On his initiative, the reorganization and modernization of the archive and library began. It was planned to inventory library and archival funds, the recruitment of a professional librarian and the purchase of a computer for the introduction of an electronic catalog (including the creation of e-mail). In addition, it was suggested to contact US and Canadian universities to collaborate on microfilming and preservation of some of the most valuable book and archive funds. It was during the presidency of Marko Dmytrovych that an agreement was signed on cooperation between the Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences in the USA and the T. H. Shevchenko Institute of Literature of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for ten years (1997-2007), the active cooperation of the Institute with UVAN in Canada, the Historical and Philological Section of NTSh and NTSh in Lviv, the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, the Ukrainian Research Institute of Harvard University, the Harriman Institute and other academic institutions in America, Europe and Canada. UVAN occupied an important place in the organization of scientific life in the diaspora. Marko Antonovych, being a full member, and later also the President of the Academy, greatly contributed to the development of historical science. Thanks to his hard work, collections of archival materials and works by renowned scholars were published. His efforts to reorganize the archives and libraries also had a positive impact on the organization of the scientific activity of the UVAN, and, consequently, on the whole historical science. Practical significance: recommended for use in studying the activities of the Ukrainian diaspora, the work of scientific institutions abroad. Originality: A generalization of UAV activities in the United States was used during the period 1992–1997. Scientific novelty: documents from the UIT archive (Ukraine) and the UVAN archive (USA) were used for the first time. Article type: analitycal.

scholarly journals A glossary as an explicative translation technique in the translation of the third culture elements

2021 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 129-144
Author(s):  
Michał Gąska
Keyword(s):  
Literary Translation ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Third Culture ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Translation Technique ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Utilising notes or glossaries in literary translation has both its opponents and supporters. While the former conceive it as a translator’s helplessness and failure, the latter defend it as a manner of overcoming cultural barriers. The present article aims to scrutinize glossaries used as an explicative translation technique with regard to the rendering of the third culture elements. The analysis is conducted on the basis of the novel by Dutch writer Hella S. Haasse: Sleuteloog, in which the action is set in the Dutch East Indies. For this reason, Indonesian culture occurs as the third culture in the translation process. The source text is juxtaposed with its translations into German and Polish in order to examine the similarities and differences in images of the third culture elements the glossaries evoke in the addressees of the target texts.

Social representations of students with different suggestibility levels on a socially profitable person

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
Ekaterina S. Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cognitive Factor ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
First Time ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Different Levels

The issue of the interrelation of social representations of students with different levels of suggestibility about a socially profitable person is discussed. The content of the concept of a “socially profitable person” is revealed. The analysis of theoretical and methodological literature concretizes the content of the concepts of “social representations”, “suggestibility”. In the study we take into account the gender characteristics of the subjects. The obtained results have a scientific novelty, since this kind of work was carried out for the first time. It was found that the sample has mainly an average suggestibility level, is malleable and tends to allow other people’s ideas into their consciousness. Semantic units (descriptors) describing the ideas of a socially profitable person in boys and girls do not have significant differences. Factors were formed from the obtained descriptors: 12 – in boys, 13 – in girls, 11 factors coincided. The dominant factors were “Social and material well-being”, “Benevolence”, “Cultural and cognitive factor”. The practical significance of the study is in the possibility of organizing purposeful work on the formation of a positive image of a person in demand by society. Representations determine the assessment of one’s own qualities, regulate human behavior. Further development of the problem can be aimed at expanding the sample of subjects and creating a psychological and pedagogical program.

scholarly journals Passive Voice Transformation

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Shpresë Qamili
Keyword(s):  
Charles Dickens ◽  
George Eliot ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Passive Voice ◽  
Modest Contribution ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
External Development ◽  
Different Levels

It is well known that the differences between the languages and the different levels of relationship between them and the use of the English passive voice in Albanian language are complex achievements of hypotheses given by language thinkers, because the language first of all is a process and processes change from time to time as a result of new language achievements and transformations and as a result of changes in people's worldview. The English and Albanian passive voice do not have a single grammatical structure and that this should be related to numerous legalities that follow the languages in their internal and external development. The studies carried out in terms of linguistic features, even of the passive voice according to the comparative method, have opened new paths to see similarities and differences even in the passive voice structure. This study is intended to give our modest contribution to notice the similarities and differences in the use of the passive voice as well as its structure in both languages. This contrastive analysis tries to facilitate the acquisition of English as a foreign language for students, pupils, to make the translation from English into Albanian and vice versa easier, to provide linguistic information to language researchers. The comparison is supported by the following English novels and their translated versions in Albanian such as: “Oliver Twist” by Charles Dickens and translated by Skënder Luarasi and “Silas Marner” by George Eliot and translated by Ramazan Hysa, where similar as well as different features have been found.

Immersed in the source text

Babel ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-285
Author(s):  
Beatriz Naranjo Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Emotional Engagement ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Narrative Transportation ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract This study aims at exploring the phenomenon of psychological transportation in translation from an experimental approach. Firstly, we investigate whether the emotions depicted in source texts may influence the level of transportation experienced by translators. Secondly, we try to determine whether different levels of transportation in the texts can make a difference in terms of translation performance. Based on previous work about narrative transportation in products of fiction, as well as the phenomenon known as the “paradox of pleasurable sadness”, we depart from the hypothesis that sad texts lead to a higher degree of psychological transportation than happy texts (H1). Taking into account previous theories and empirical results about the benefits of visualization and emotional engagement in translation, we also predict that highly-transported participants will render higher-quality (H2) and more creative translations (H3) than low-transported participants. For this purpose, a pilot study was conducted consisting of two literary translation tasks with opposing-valence texts (happy vs. sad). Lack of statistically significant differences for our hypothesis suggests that some adjustments in the methodology would be needed to achieve conclusive results; however, we believe that further research on the impact of transportation in translation quality and creativity is still worthwhile.

scholarly journals Assessing the Ability of LSTMs to Learn Syntax-Sensitive Dependencies

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 521-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tal Linzen ◽  
Emmanuel Dupoux ◽  
Yoav Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Language Modeling ◽  
Language Models ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Target Number ◽  
Statistical Regularities

The success of long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks in language processing is typically attributed to their ability to capture long-distance statistical regularities. Linguistic regularities are often sensitive to syntactic structure; can such dependencies be captured by LSTMs, which do not have explicit structural representations? We begin addressing this question using number agreement in English subject-verb dependencies. We probe the architecture’s grammatical competence both using training objectives with an explicit grammatical target (number prediction, grammaticality judgments) and using language models. In the strongly supervised settings, the LSTM achieved very high overall accuracy (less than 1% errors), but errors increased when sequential and structural information conflicted. The frequency of such errors rose sharply in the language-modeling setting. We conclude that LSTMs can capture a non-trivial amount of grammatical structure given targeted supervision, but stronger architectures may be required to further reduce errors; furthermore, the language modeling signal is insufficient for capturing syntax-sensitive dependencies, and should be supplemented with more direct supervision if such dependencies need to be captured.

scholarly journals Cross-Cultural Literary Translation Teaching in Course of “Home Reading”

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01123
Author(s):  
Julia Privalova ◽  
Victoria Ovcharenko ◽  
Natalia Kashirina ◽  
Alexey Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Stage Structure ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Cultural Mediation ◽  
Home Reading ◽  
Experimental Teaching ◽  
Cultural Component

The paper concerns teaching literary translation as a type of cross-cultural speech act in the system of translators’ professional training and integrated into the course of “Home Reading”.The authors believe that all disciplines that comprise translators’ professional training should be profession-oriented, equipping the students with skills and competences necessary for effective cross-cultural mediation, thus contributing to the formation of a cross-cultural component of the translator’s competence. A hierarchy of tasks and assignments is presented in accordance with the three-stage structure of the translation process (pre-translation, translation, and post-translation stages).The results and efficiency of the proposed method, tested in the course of a 17-years long experimental teaching, is described.

Sinclair, pattern grammar and the question of hatred

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Teubert
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Dependency Grammar ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Local Grammar

The view of pattern grammar is that syntactic structures and lexical items are co-selected and that grammatical categories begin to align very closely with semantic distinctions. While this is certainly a valid position when analysing the phenomenon of collocation, it does not really solve the problem for open choice issues. Not all language use can be subsumed under the idiom principle. The noun hatred, for instance, can co-occur with any discourse object for which hatred can be expressed. It can also co-occur with other lexical items standing for various circumstantial aspects. The grammatical structure itself often does not tell us whether we find expressed the object of hatred or some circumstantial aspect, as these structures tend to have more than one reading. Lexicogrammar, or local grammar, is more than equating a syntactic structure with a semantic pattern. We have to be aware of the different functions or readings a given grammatical structure can have. The framework of valency/dependency grammar can help us to make the necessary distinctions.

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