scholarly journals Accumulation and apparent oxidation of cis,trans-18 : 2 isomers relative to linoleic acid in rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255
Author(s):  
Zhen-Yu Chen ◽  
Kwok Yiu Kwan ◽  
Yu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Chain Elongation

Dietary cis,trans-18 : 2 isomers impair desaturation and elongation of linoleic acid (Δ9cis,12cis-18 : 2), but little is known of their proportional partitioning between accumulation and oxidation. The present study was therefore designed to assess the accumulation and apparent oxidation of cis,trans-18 : 2 isomers compared with that of trans-18 : 1 isomers and Δ9cis,12cis-18 : 2 in rats. Accumulation is defined as whole-body increase in a fatty acid during a given period (i.e. final body content-initial body content). The apparent oxidation (disappearance) is defined as whole-body utilization of a fatty acid relative to its intake for a given period (intake-excretion-accumulation-longer-chain products)/intake×100). The animals were fed on a diet containing 15 % (w/w) partially hydrogenated rapeseed oil with 1·72 % energy as cis,trans-18 : 2 isomers and varying amounts of Δ9cis,12cis-18 : 2. The apparent oxidation of total cis,trans-18 : 2 isomers (72–76 % dietary intake) was greater than that of Δ9cis,12cis-18 : 2 (38–51 % dietary intake) but it was similar to that of total trans-18 : 1 isomers (78–82 % dietary intake). Among the four isomers, the apparent oxidation of Δ9trans,12trans-18 : 2 was greater than that of the other isomers including Δ9trans,12cis-18 : 2, Δ9cis,12trans-18 : 2 and Δ9cis,13trans-18 : 2. Accumulation of Δ5cis,8cis,11cis,15trans-20 : 4 and Δ5cis,8cis,11cis,14trans-20 : 4 derived from chain-elongation and desaturation of Δ9cis,13trans-18 : 2 and Δ9cis,12trans-18 : 2 was decreased when the dietary Δ9cis,12cis-18 : 2 supply was increased.

scholarly journals Isomerisation of cis-9 trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to trans-9 trans-11 CLA during acidic methylation can be avoided by a rapid base catalysed methylation of milk fat

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R F Lee ◽  
John K S Tweed
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Acidic Conditions

This study investigated the evolution of trans-9 trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from cis-9 trans-11 CLA during methylation and its avoidance through a rapid base methylation of milk fat. The study examined three conditions shown to result in loss of cis-9 trans-11 CLA during methylation namely: temperature, methylation time, water contamination in old reagents and acidic conditions. Three techniques currently used for the conversion of milk fat into fatty acid methyl esters for analysis of CLA content by gas liquid chromatography and a fourth procedure designed to eliminate acidic conditions and to limit methylation temperature and time were used. The four methods were: (i) acidic methylation (AM); (ii) acidic and basic bimethylation with fresh reagents (FBM); (iii) acidic and basic bimethylation with pre-prepared reagents (PBM) and (iv) basic methylation (BM). Each regime was carried out on six milk samples over two periods and methylated 1 ml freeze-dried milk (n=12 per regime). Total CLA was not different across methylation regimes (0·30 mg/ml). Isomer cis-9 trans-11 was higher (P<0·01) with BM than the other regimes and lowest with AM: 21·2, 17·8, 18·8 and 14·7 mg/100 ml for BM, FBM, PBM and AM, respectively. The inverse relationship was shown for trans-9 trans-11 with higher (P<0·001) amounts with AM than the other regimes and lowest with BM: 0·57, 2·55, 2·36 and 3·69 mg/100 ml for BM, FBM, PBM and AM, respectively. The trans-10 cis-12 isomer was also shown to alter with methylation procedure being higher (P<0·001) with AM than the other regimes: 0·43, 0·47, 0·29 and 1·20 mg/100 ml for BM, FBM, PBM and AM, respectively. Validation with known CLA free fatty acid and triacylglycerol standards confirmed that AM resulted in conversion of cis-9 trans-11 to trans-9 trans-11, and also elevated trans-10 cis-12 whilst BM of triacylglycerol CLA did not isomerise cis-9 trans-11 and was comparable to FBM.

scholarly journals Poultry meat production as a functional food with a voluntary n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 203-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Schneideroá ◽  
J. Zelenka ◽  
E. Mrkvicová
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid

We studied the effect of different levels of linseed oils made either of the flax cultivar Atalante with a high content of &alpha;-linolenic acid (612 g/kg) or of the cultivar Lola with a predominating content of linoleic acid (708 g/kg) in a chicken diet upon the fatty acid pattern in meat. Cockerels Ross 308 were fed the diets containing 1, 3, 5 or 7 per cent of oil in the last 15 days of fattening. Breast meat (BM) and thigh meat (TM) without skin of 8 chickens from each dietary group were used for analyses. The relative proportions of fatty acids were expressed as percentages of total determined fatty acids. When feeding Atalante oil, the proportions of n-6 fatty acids were highly significantly lower while those of n-3 fatty acids were higher; the ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in meat was narrower (<i>P</i> < 0.001) than in chickens fed oil with a low content of &alpha;-linolenic acid. In BM and TM, the relative proportions of &alpha;-linolenic and &gamma;-linolenic acids were nearly the same, the proportion of linoleic acid in BM was lower, and the proportions of the other polyunsaturated fatty acids in BM were higher than in TM. In BM, the ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.001) more favourable than that found in TM. The relative proportions of total saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in meat decreased and those of polyunsaturated fatty acids increased significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.01) in dependence on the increasing level of dietary oils. When feeding Atalante oil, a significant increase in the proportion of linoleic acid in BM but not in TM was observed. The proportions of the other n-6 fatty acids decreased and those of all determined n-3 fatty acids, with the exception of docosahexaenoic acid, significantly increased with the increasing level of oil in the diet. When feeding Lola oil, its increasing content in the diet increased the relative proportion of linoleic acid as well as its elongation to &gamma;-linolenic acid; however, the proportions of arachidonic and adrenic acid did not change significantly (<i>P</i> > 0.05). The proportion of &alpha;-linolenic acid increased in both BM and TM. The proportion of eicosapentaenoic and clupanodonic acids in BM significantly decreased. The ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged from 0.9 to 13.6 and from 1.0 to 17.2 in BM and TM, respectively. An increase in the level of Lola oil in the diet by 1% caused that the n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio extended by 1.00 and 1.19 units in BM and TM, respectively. Dependences of n-6/n-3 ratio on the level of Atalante oil were expressed by equations of convex parabolas with minima at the level of oil 5.8 and 5.9% for BM and TM, respectively. By means of the inclusion of linseed oil with a high content of &alpha;-linolenic acid in the feed mixture it would be possible to produce poultry meat as a functional food with a very narrow ratio of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Selected Vegetable Oils or Vitamin E on Fatty Acid Composition of Hen Egg Yolks

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-188
Author(s):  
Magdalena Franczyk-Żarów ◽  
Beata Szymczyk ◽  
Renata B. Kostogrys
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Egg Yolks

AbstractThe objective of this study was to produce eggs enriched with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and ameliorate their fatty acid profile using the appropriate combination of dietary CLA with or without vegetable oils (olive oil or rapeseed oil) and vitamin E. In Experiment 1, 25-week-old laying hens were randomly distributed into eight groups of nine. Birds were fed with a standard diet with four different levels of CLA (0.0, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0%) and vegetable oils (olive oil or rapeseed oil, both in the amount of 1.46%). In Experiment 2, hens were randomly distributed into 12 groups of nine. The same four levels of CLA with three doses of vitamin E (0, 150, 300 mg/kg of diet) were applied. In both experiments, eggs were collected twice (at 4 and 8 weeks) for fatty acid profiling using GCMS. The differences between treatment means were considered significant at P<0.05. CLA treatments significantly increased the content of CLA, saturated fatty acids (SFA), and significantly decreased the content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in the egg yolk, whereas levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were unaffected. The vegetable oils used did not prevent the negative effects of CLA effectively. Only after eight weeks of experiment 1 SFA levels were significantly lower, but MUFA levels were significantly higher in groups fed with rapeseed oil compared to groups fed with olive oil. In experiment 2, the addition of vitamin E to the hen diet did not have an essential influence on the lipid profile of egg yolks.

Abstract 5057: Habitual Dietary Intake of Fatty Acids in Relation to Insulin Resistance among Japanese Adults

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Muramatsu ◽  
Hiroshi Yatsuya ◽  
Kunihiro Matsushita ◽  
Hirotsugu Mitsuhashi ◽  
Hideaki Toyoshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Japanese Adults

Background: Asians including Japanese are more susceptible to glucose intolerance or type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) than Caucasians. However little is known about the effects of dietary fatty acid (FA) intake on insulin resistance (IR) in Japanese. Objective: Our aim was to investigate associations between IR and habitual dietary intake of FAs among middle-aged Japanese adults. Methods: We designed a cross-sectional survey of 3383 Japanese adults aged 35– 66 years. IR was measured with homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-R) and nutrient intake was estimated by a self-administered diet history questionnaire. All amounts of nutrients were energy-adjusted as the residuals from regression model. Results: Log-transformed HOMA-R had a significant negative correlation with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Multivariate-adjusted regression analysis demonstrated that IR had a significant positive association with saturated fatty acid (SFA) and inverse associations with n-6 series PUFA independently of age, sex, BMI, lipid profiles, other macronutrients and lifestyle. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios of IR, defined as a top quartile of HOMA-R distribution, across the quartiles of energy-adjusted intakes were 1.0, 0.89, 0.73 and 0.57 for linoleic acid ( P for trend = 0.007) and 1.0, 0.90, 0.68 and 0.61 for alpha-linolenic acid ( P for trend = 0.010), respectively. Marine-derived n-3 PUFA and the ratio of n-6 to n-3 PUFA had no consistent association with IR. Conclusions: Our cross-sectional data suggest that a modification of dietary fat intake to substitute PUFA, in particular linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid, for SFA may have a clinical efficacy to prevent IR among a Japanese population.

THE INFLUENCE OF DIETARY FAT ON THE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF LIVER, CARCASS, AND MILK OF RATS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1855-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce L. Beare
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Long Chain

Fatty acids of liver, carcass, and milk of rats fed corn oil, rapeseed oil, partially hydrogenated herring oil, or margarine were examined by gas–liquid chromatography. Appreciable quantities of linoleic acid were maintained in the tissues and milk, even when the hydrogenated herring oil with a low level of linoleic acid was fed. The proportion of C20and C22acids deposited or secreted was related to that of the diet, and was highest with rapeseed oil. In the livers of rats fed each diet, long-chain, polyunsaturated acids were observed. The fatty acids of milk more closely reflected the dietary pattern than did those of the tissues.

A study of the effects of diet composition, within the bounds of normal diversity, on the characteristics of backfat lipid in pigs

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pearce ◽  
N. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

SUMMARYThe experiment described was carried out to compare the effects of some combinations of dietary ingredients which were within the bounds of current commercial use but which differed in their lipid characteristics.The four dietary treatments used were either low or high in lipid content with a high or low proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in that lipid. Fourteen pigs (seven gilts and seven barrows) were assigned at random to each dietary treatment. The major dietary constituents were barley × wheat × dried skim milk (treatment 1), barley × wheat × soyabean meal (treatment 2), barley + wheat + dried skim milk × tallow (treatment 3) and barley × wheat × maize × fish meal (treatment 4).Production performances were satisfactory on treatments 1, 3 and 4. The pigs on treatment 2 ate less food, grew more slowly, had poorer feed conversion ratios and fatter carcasses than the animals on the other treatments; the reason for the poor performance on this diet is not clear.Comparison of the fatty acid compositions of the backfat triglycerides and the dietary lipid shows that the dietary lipid had little effect on the backfat lipid characteristics; only in the case of linoleic acid was there a dietary-induced effect on the amount of this fatty acid in the backfat triglycerides of pigs on treatment 4.Treatment 4 which produced the backfat with the greatest linoleic acid content also produced the softest backfat. The subjective fat scores of the carcasses of pigs fed the other diets were not related to the fatty acid compositions of the backfat triglycerides or the monoene/saturated fatty acid ratio.These results are discussed in relation to the effects of diet and triglyceride structure on pig backfat lipid characteristics.

scholarly journals Effect of vegetable oils on productive performances and lipid fatty acid composition of chicken abdominal fat

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-640
Author(s):  
V.Z. Stanacev ◽  
D. Milic ◽  
N. Milosevic ◽  
V.S. Stanacev ◽  
Z. Pavlovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lipid Fatty Acid Composition

This paper investigates the effect of soybean, flax and rapeseed oil on productive performance and lipid fatty acid composition of broiler chickens. Six groups of 40 one day-old chicks hybrid line Cobb 500, with five replications were formed. Three mixtures with 21, 20 and 18% protein were used. The first 14 days groups were fed with the starter mixture. The control group was based on the 4% and 8% soybean oil while in the experimental groups were included the same concentration of flax and rapeseed oil. The experiment lasted 42 days. At the end of the experiment 10 chickens from each group were sacrificed for examination of fatty acid composition of lipids. The control group achieved weight of 2704g and 2695g, and the experimental group in 2735, 2645, 2735 and 2670g, respectively. Feed conversion was improved with increasing the amount of oil in the diet. The usage of flax and rapeseed oil changed the fatty acid composition of lipids. Substituting soybean oil with rapeseed oil reduces the percentage of palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acids, and increases participation of oleic and linoleic acids in abdominal fat. The inclusion of flaxseed oil in the diet of chickens in the amount of 4% and 8%, increases the amount of linoleic acid by 63% and 203%, which is a statistically high and significant difference for the control group I and II, while the amount of linoleic acid is reduced by 14% and 33 %, which presents a statistically significant difference compared to group II.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Profile, Conjugated Linoleic Acid Content, and Lipid Quality Indices in Selected Yogurts Available on the Polish Market

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Beata Paszczyk ◽  
Marta Czarnowska-Kujawska
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Linoleic Acid Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Lipid Quality

The aim of the present study was to determine the fatty acid composition, the content of cis9trans11 C18:2 acid (CLA), and lipid quality indices in yogurts made of cow’s milk, available on the Polish market. The test material consisted of: natural yogurts, natural yogurts with additives (muesli, cereal grains), bio yogurts, bio yogurts with additives (millet groats, quinoa, chestnuts), probiotic yogurts, and eco yogurts. All the products were bought in the period from May to June 2021. The conducted research showed that the analyzed yoghurts were characterized by a varying content of fatty acid groups, different values of the calculated lipid quality indices, as well as a different content of conjugated linoleic acid cis9trans11 C18: 2 (CLA). Natural yogurts with additives had the highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and n-3 PUFAs. Natural and bio yogurts with additives had a higher content of n-6 PUF than the other analyzed yogurts. The n-6/n-3 ratio was lower in bio yogurts and eco yogurts. Natural yogurts with additives featured the lowest index of atherogenicity (AI) and index of thrombogenicity (TI) and the highest hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (H/H). The fat extracted from the bio yogurts had the highest (0.90% of total fatty acids) mean content of cis9trans11 C18:2 (CLA). In fat of the other analyzed yogurts, mean CLA content in total content of fatty acids varied from 0.48% in natural yogurts with additives to 0.81% in bio yogurts with additives.

scholarly journals Clone And Function Verification of The OPR Gene Related to Linoleic Acid Synthesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Tan ◽  
Juan Niu ◽  
Duo zi Peng ◽  
Qian Cheng ◽  
Ming Bao Luan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Linoleic Acid Content ◽  
Expression Vectors ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Over Expression

Abstract Background: Fatty acid composition and content affect rapeseed oil quality. Fatty acid synthesis-related genes in rapeseed have been studied globally by researchers. Nevertheless, rapeseed oil is mainly composed of seven different fatty acids, and each fatty acid was regulated by different genes, furthermore different fatty acid contents affect each other, which needs continuous and in-depth research to obtain more clear results.Results: In this paper, broad-scale miRNA expression profiles were constructed and 21 differentially expressed miRNAs were detected. GO enrichment analysis showed that most up-regulated proteins were involved in transcription factor activity and catalytic activity. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that 20 pathways involving 36 target genes were enriched, of which the bna00592 pathway may be involved in fatty acid metabolism. The results were verified using a Quantitative Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) analysis, and it was found that the target gene of bna-miR156b>c>g was the OPR (12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase). Four copies of OPR gene were found, and the over-expression vectors (pCAMBIA1300-35s-OPR and pCAMBIA1300-RNAi-OPR) were constructed to verify their functions. In T1 and T2 plants, OPR-OE (OPR Over-Expression strain) significantly increased linoleic acid content (T1 12.56%, T2 7.185%) and OPRi (OPRi RNA-interference strain) decreased linoleic acid content (T1 5.98%, T2 0.86%).Conclusions: This is the first study to provide four copies of the OPR gene that regulates LA metabolism, can be used for the molecular mechanism of LA and optimizing fatty acid profiles in oilseed for breeding programs.

scholarly journals Plasma Linoleic Acid Is Associated with Less Adiposity and Lower Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: An NHANES Analysis (P08-121-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Petersen ◽  
Valerie Sullivan ◽  
Victor Fulgoni ◽  
Fulya Eren ◽  
Martha Cassens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acids

Abstract Objectives To examine relationships between plasma fatty acids, dietary intake of fatty acids, adiposity and risk of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset. Methods Plasma fatty acids levels (n = 24) measured in NHANES 2001–2003 (n = 1674) and dietary intake of fatty acids (n = 19) from NHANES 2001–2014 (n = 9108) were used for these analyses. The association between plasma fatty acid levels, intake of fatty acids and body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and number of criteria for MetSyn was assessed. Backwards stepwise multiple regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, prescription of anti-hypertensive, lipid-lowering of anti-diabetic medication, modified Health Eating Index-2015 score, physical activity, poverty to income ratio, smoking, and calorie intake were conducted to identify fatty acids that were predictive of the outcomes of interest. Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for the aforementioned covariates, was used to assess the odds of MetSyn, and overweight/obesity associated with each fatty acid. Results Higher levels of the plasma saturated fatty acids myristic acid (14:0), stearic acid (18:0), and docosanoic acid (22:0) were associated with greater BMI, waist circumference, and number of MetSyn criteria (P < 0.01). Arachidic acid (20:0) and lignoceric acid (24:0) were inversely associated with BMI, waist circumference, and number of MetSyn criteria. Plasma linoleic acid (18:2) was the only PUFA inversely associated with BMI (β = −0.002), waist circumference (β = −0.005), and number of MetSyn criteria (β −0.0003) (all P < 0.01). Plasma linoleic acid was also correlated with lower risk of being overweight or obese (odds ratio (OR) 0.9995; P < 0.03) and having an elevated waist circumference (OR 0.9992; P < 0.01). These results were not supported by the dietary fatty acid intake data. Conclusions These data from a representative U.S. cohort indicate that plasma medium and longer chain saturated fats were generally associated with greater adiposity and more criteria for MetSyn, whereas these relationships were not detected for MUFA. Linoleic acid was the only PUFA associated with less adiposity and lower risk of MetSyn and, thus also lower risk of cardiometabolic disease. Funding Sources ACH Food Companies, Inc.

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