Emotion Categorization Perception in Schizophrenia in Conversations with Different Social Contexts

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Huang ◽  
Raymond C. K. Chan ◽  
Xiaobin Lu ◽  
Zishun Tong
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Emotion Identification ◽  
Schizophrenia Group ◽  
Response Slope ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Shift Point

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the boundaries between the happy and angry emotions of schizophrenia would be influenced by social context and the difference in emotion categorization boundaries between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Method: Eighteen patients with schizophrenia and 16 healthy controls were given a forced-choice emotion identification task in which they were required to listen to a series of conversations with different social contexts. The stimuli were linear morphed facial expressions between ‘happy’ and ‘angry’ emotions. For each type of social context, the shift point was used as the parameter to estimate when the subjects began to perceive the morphed facial expression as angry. The response slope was used to estimate how abruptly this change in perception occurred. Results: There was no significant difference in the schizophrenia group in the shift point of emotion categorization perception for four categories of conversations occurring in different social contexts. Compared with the healthy controls, the schizophrenia group demonstrated a steeper response slope at the shift point regardless of the conversation type. Conclusion: The patients with schizophrenia were less discriminative in their categorization of emotion perception in conversations with different social contexts. The schizophrenia patients, however, were more alert to angry facial expressions in the process of facial expressions morphing from happy to angry, independent of the social context.

scholarly journals Significant Associations of lncRNA H19 Genotypes with Susceptibility to Childhood Leukemia in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Jen-Sheng Pei ◽  
Chao-Chun Chen ◽  
Wen-Shin Chang ◽  
Yun-Chi Wang ◽  
Jaw-Chyun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genotypic Distribution ◽  
Heterozygous Variant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

The purpose of our study was to investigate whether genetic variations in lncRNA H19 were associated with susceptibility to childhood leukemia. Two hundred and sixty-six childhood leukemia patients and 266 healthy controls were enrolled in Taiwan, and two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs2839698 and rs217727, in H19 were genotyped and analyzed. There was a significant difference in the genotypic distribution of rs2839698 between patients and healthy controls (p = 0.0277). Compared to the wild-type CC genotype, the heterozygous variant CT and homozygous variant TT genotypes were associated with significantly increased risks of childhood leukemia with an adjusted odd ratio (OR) of 1.46 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08–2.14, p = 0.0429) and 1.94 (95%CI, 1.15–3.31, p = 0.0169), respectively (pfor tread = 0.0277). The difference in allelic frequencies between childhood leukemia patients and controls was also significant (T versus C, adjusted OR = 1.53, 95%CI, 1.13–1.79, p = 0.0077). There were no significant differences in the genotypic and allelic distributions of rs217727 between cases and controls. Interestingly, the average level of H19 rs2839698 was statistically significantly higher for patients with CT and TT genotypes than from those with the CC genotype (p < 0.0001). Our results indicate that H19 SNP rs2839698, but not rs217727, may serve as a novel susceptibility marker for childhood leukemia.

scholarly journals Multiple Sclerosis and Diabetes Mellitus: Further Evidence of a Relationship

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon A. Warren ◽  
K.G. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Second Degree

SUMMARY:One hundred multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were compared to healthy controls to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in their families. Significantly, more MS patients than controls were diabetic or reported at least one first degree relative (parent, sibling, child) with diabetes. The relationship between MS and diabetes persisted when second degree relatives (grandparents, aunts and uncles) were taken into consideration.A greater percentage of MS patients with another MS relative were diabetic or reported a first degree relative with diabetes mellitus than MS patients without an MS relative. However the difference was not statistically significant. Nor was there a significant difference when percentages reporting either a first or a second degree relative with diabetes were compared.

scholarly journals Validation of Urinary Charged Metabolite Profiles in Colorectal Cancer Using Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

Metabolites ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Toru Sakurai ◽  
Kenji Katsumata ◽  
Ryutaro Udo ◽  
Tomoya Tago ◽  
Kenta Kasahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pathway Analyses ◽  
Higher Sensitivity ◽  
Capillary Electrophoresis Mass Spectrometry

This study aimed to validate and reanalyze urinary biomarkers for detecting colorectal cancers (CRCs). We previously conducted urinary metabolomic analyses using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry and found a significant difference in various metabolites, especially polyamines, between patients with CRC and healthy controls (HC). We analyzed additional samples and confirmed consistency between the newly and previously analyzed data. In total, we included 36 HC, 34 adenoma (AD), and 214 CRC samples, which were used for subsequent analyses. Among the 132 quantified metabolites, 16 exhibited consistent differences in both datasets, which included polyamines, etc. Pathway analyses of the integrated data revealed significant differences in many metabolites, such as glutamine, and metabolites of the TCA and urea cycles. The discrimination ability of the combination of multiple metabolites among the three groups was evaluated, which yielded higher sensitivity than tumor markers. The Mann–Whitney test was employed to evaluate the prognosis predictivity of the assessed metabolites and the difference between the patients with or without recurrence, which yielded 16 significantly different metabolites. Among these 16 metabolites, 11 presented significant prognosis predictivity. These data indicated the potential of metabolite-based discrimination of patients with CRC and AD from HC and prognosis predictivity of the monitored metabolites.

scholarly journals The functional neuroanatomy of emotion processing in frontotemporal dementias

Brain ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (9) ◽  
pp. 2873-2887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R Marshall ◽  
Christopher J D Hardy ◽  
Lucy L Russell ◽  
Rebecca L Bond ◽  
Harri Sivasathiaseelan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Functional Mri ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Emotion Identification ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Semantic Variant

Abstract Impaired processing of emotional signals is a core feature of frontotemporal dementia syndromes, but the underlying neural mechanisms have proved challenging to characterize and measure. Progress in this field may depend on detecting functional changes in the working brain, and disentangling components of emotion processing that include sensory decoding, emotion categorization and emotional contagion. We addressed this using functional MRI of naturalistic, dynamic facial emotion processing with concurrent indices of autonomic arousal, in a cohort of patients representing all major frontotemporal dementia syndromes relative to healthy age-matched individuals. Seventeen patients with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia [four female; mean (standard deviation) age 64.8 (6.8) years], 12 with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia [four female; 66.9 (7.0) years], nine with non-fluent variant primary progressive aphasia [five female; 67.4 (8.1) years] and 22 healthy controls [12 female; 68.6 (6.8) years] passively viewed videos of universal facial expressions during functional MRI acquisition, with simultaneous heart rate and pupillometric recordings; emotion identification accuracy was assessed in a post-scan behavioural task. Relative to healthy controls, patient groups showed significant impairments (analysis of variance models, all P < 0.05) of facial emotion identification (all syndromes) and cardiac (all syndromes) and pupillary (non-fluent variant only) reactivity. Group-level functional neuroanatomical changes were assessed using statistical parametric mapping, thresholded at P < 0.05 after correction for multiple comparisons over the whole brain or within pre-specified regions of interest. In response to viewing facial expressions, all participant groups showed comparable activation of primary visual cortex while patient groups showed differential hypo-activation of fusiform and posterior temporo-occipital junctional cortices. Bi-hemispheric, syndrome-specific activations predicting facial emotion identification performance were identified (behavioural variant, anterior insula and caudate; semantic variant, anterior temporal cortex; non-fluent variant, frontal operculum). The semantic and non-fluent variant groups additionally showed complex profiles of central parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic involvement that overlapped signatures of emotional visual and categorization processing and extended (in the non-fluent group) to brainstem effector pathways. These findings open a window on the functional cerebral mechanisms underpinning complex socio-emotional phenotypes of frontotemporal dementia, with implications for novel physiological biomarker development.

Syntax and Contact-Induced Language Change

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-154
Author(s):  
Malcolm Ross
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference

The chapter examines contact-induced change in grammatical constructions. Scholars know of only a few cases where evidence is available of both (i) the social context of constructional change and (ii) the grammars of the copying language before and after change and the model language during the change. Most examples are drawn from two European languages which largely fulfil these conditions. Contact-induced constructional change occurs either through bilingualism or through rapid language shift. Bilingually induced change is exemplified by Colloquial Upper Sorbian, rapid language shift by rural Irish English. Four degrees of change are identified: increased frequency of use, change in function, constructional calquing and metatypy. The chapter then discusses the mechanisms and social contexts of constructional change and compares bilingually induced and shift-induced change, leading to the observation that metatypy is restricted to bilingually induced change. In other respects both kinds of change have similar effects. This means that contact-induced change in grammatical constructions serves to diagnose the difference between bilingually induced change and rapid language shift only in rather rare instances.

scholarly journals P0738RELATION BETWEEN BLOOD LEAD AND CADMIUM LEVELS AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Emam ◽  
Sameera Hamed ◽  
Ahmed Elmowafy ◽  
Mahmoud Awad ◽  
Sahar Eldakroory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background and Aims Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was one of the three reasons of mortality with the furthermost increase from 1990 to 2010 between the top 20 killers. Environmental toxins (Lead Pb and Cadmium Cd) are hidden factors incorporated in the increased prevalence of CKD. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between CKD and alteration in blood Pb and Cd levels. Methods This is a case-control study which was held in Forensic department, Mansoura University, Egypt. The individuals were divided into 2 groups: Group I: 40 persons with normal kidney function used as a control group, group II: 40 patients suffering from CKD secondary to unknown cause who are attending to follow up at nephrology outpatient clinic, Mansoura insurance hospital. All participants were subjected to full history taking (Personal history about gender, age, residence and occupation (mechanics, plumbers, battery manufacturers, manufacturers and users of paint and electricians), The history of special habits like smoking, seafood, canned food consumption, using colored mugs and living in old houses, History about medical disorders associated with renal failure as diabetes and hypertension), laboratory investigations including serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, serum Pb and serum Cd. Results Eighty persons (49 males and 31 females) were included in the study with age range from 15 to 76 years. The majority was above 40 years and was coming from rural areas (62.5% in group I and 60% in group II) with no statistical significance (Figure 1). In group I (45.0%) was smokers and (55.0%) were non smokers while in group II (70.0%) were smokers and (30.0%) were non smokers. The difference was statistically significant (p =0.026). Among group I, (42.5%) out of them were using frequently colored food container ceramics while (65%) among group II were frequently use them and the difference was statistically significant (p =0.048). Other risk factors showed no significance (Figure 2). In group I Pb levels range from (9.51µg/100ml) to (42.67µg/100ml) while Cd levels range from (1.59µg/100ml) to (3.87µg/100ml); whereas in group II Pb levels range from (19.43µg/100ml) to (82.3µg/100ml) while Cd levels range from (2.04µg/100ml) to (6.12µg/100ml). There is statistically significant difference among both groups as regard blood Pb levels (p &lt;0.001) with higher blood Pb levels in C.K.D patients (mean±SD=52.76±15.65) than healthy controls (mean±SD=18.06±5.61). Also, there is statistically significant difference among both groups as regard blood Cd levels (p &lt;0.001) with higher blood Cd levels in C.K.D patients (mean±SD=4.27±0.87) than healthy controls (mean±SD=2.62±0.62) (Figure 3 & 4). There was negative correlation between blood Pb,Cd levels and patients` creatinine clearance ( for Pb;R:-0.755, p=0.001, for Cd;R:-0.712, p=0.001 ) (Figure 5, 6). There was positive correlation between blood Pb, Cd levels and serum creatinine (for Pb;R: +0.713, p =0.00, for Cd; R: +0.707, p =0.00) (Figure 7, 8). Conclusion Pb and Cd toxicity may lead to CKD and these environmental factors may explain the unknown etiology of many renal failure cases. With chronic exposure, blood level &gt;25.8 µg/dl for Pb and &gt;3.46 µg/dl for Cd carry the risk for renal failure incidence.

scholarly journals The level and prevalence of depression and anxiety among patients with different subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome: a network meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhichao Hu ◽  
Meixuan Li ◽  
Liang Yao ◽  
Yinshu Wang ◽  
Enkang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Abstract Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a very common functional bowel disorder. However, the difference of depression and anxiety comorbidities among different IBS subtypes is still not well evaluated. This study aims to investigate the difference in the level and prevalence of depression and anxiety among healthy controls and patients with different subtypes of IBS. Methods PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane library were searched systematically until August 17, 2020. Studies that investigated depression and/or anxiety levels or prevalence among different IBS-subtype patients measured at baseline or the same point were included. Network meta-analysis was conducted to analyze standardized mean difference (SMD) of anxiety and depression levels, and single arm meta-analysis was performed for prevalence of anxiety and depression among different IBS subtypes. Results Eighteen studies involving 7095 participants were included. Network meta-analyses results showed healthy controls had a lower level of depression than IBS with mixed symptoms of constipation and diarrhea (IBS-M) [SMD =  − 1.57; 95% confidence interval (CI) − 2.21,  − 0.92], IBS with constipation (IBS-C) (SMD =  − 1.53; 95% CI − 2.13,  − 0.93) and IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D)(SMD =  − 1.41; 95% CI − 1.97,  − 0.85), while no significant difference was found between IBS unclassified (IBS-U) and healthy controls (SMD =  − 0.58; 95% CI  − 2.15, 1.00). There was also no significant difference in the level of depression among different IBS subtypes patients. The results of anxiety were similar to depression. Ranking probability showed that IBS-M was associated with the highest level of depression and anxiety symptoms, followed by IBS-C/IBS-D and IBS-U. Single-arm meta-analysis showed IBS-C had the highest prevalence of depression (38%) and anxiety (40%), followed by IBS-D, IBS-M and IBS-U. Conclusion The results indicated that IBS-M was more likely to be associated with a higher level of depression and anxiety, and the prevalence of depression and anxiety in IBS-C was highest. The psychological screening and appropriate psychotherapy are needed for patients with IBS-C, IBS-D and IBS-M instead of IBS-U.

Three-Dimensional Dynamic Analysis of the Reproducibility of Verbal and Nonverbal Facial Expressions

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110019
Author(s):  
Tiancheng Qiu ◽  
Zulin Xue ◽  
Ling Wu ◽  
Rong Yang ◽  
Xiaojing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Initial Time ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Peking University ◽  
Initial Time Point ◽  
Key Frames ◽  
The Difference

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the short- and long-term reproducibility of verbal and nonverbal facial expressions of normal people using dynamic 3-dimensional (3-D) imaging. Design: Prospective, cross-sectional, controlled study. Setting: Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China. Patients and Participants: Twenty-seven participants, 12 males and 15 females, were recruited for this study. Methods: A 3-D dynamic system was applied to capture the process of 4 nonverbal facial expressions (smile lips closed, smile lips open, lip purse, cheek puff) and 2 verbal facial expressions (/i:/, /u:/) at an initial time point, 15 minutes later, and 1 week later. Key frames were selected from each expression recording sequence. Main Outcome Measures: The root mean square (RMS) between each key frame and its corresponding frame at rest was calculated. ΔRMS reflected the difference of the same key frames between the different sessions of the same expression of the same participant. The reproducibility of different facial expressions at different time intervals were analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in verbal and nonverbal expression repeatability during a 15-minute interval, except for cheek puff motion. Following a 1-week interval, verbal expression repeatability was superior to that of nonverbal expressions ( P < .01). Compared with nonverbal expressions, the repeatability of verbal expressions did not obviously decrease with the increase in recording interval. Conclusions: Dynamic 3-D imaging is a useful technique for facial expression analysis. Verbal expressions showed greater reproducibility than nonverbal expressions.

scholarly journals Observation of Peripapillary Choroidal Vascularity in Natural Disease Course and After Gene Therapy for Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwen Jiang ◽  
Gongpeng Sun ◽  
Qingmei Miao ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
Leber’S Hereditary Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hereditary Optic Neuropathy

Purpose: To compare peripapillary choroidal vascularity among Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) patients at different stages of natural course and healthy controls using optical coherence tomography (OCT), and to evaluate peripapillary choroidal vascularity changes in LHON patients before and after gene therapy.Methods: 57 LHON patients and 15 healthy controls were enrolled in this prospective clinical study. LHON patients were divided into three duration groups based on stage of disease progression. Both patients and healthy controls underwent OCT scans focused on the optic disc at baseline with Heidelberg Spectralis, and patients underwent OCT at 1, 3, and 6 months after gene therapy. OCT images were converted and binarized using ImageJ software. Choroidal thickness (CT), total choroidal area (TCA), and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in each quadrant of OCT images were measured to evaluate peripapillary choroidal vascularity.Results: At baseline, the average CT was not significantly different between LHON patients at different stages and between healthy controls (P = 0.468). Although average TCA and average CVI were slightly higher in LHON patients at different stages than in healthy controls, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.282 and 0.812, respectively). After gene therapy, The average TCA at 1 month after gene therapy was significantly higher than that before gene therapy (P = 0.003), while no significant differences were found in the average CT or average CVI in LHON patients before and 1,3 and 6 months after gene therapy using pairwise comparisons (all P &gt; 0.05).Conclusions: No significant difference was found in choroidal vascularity of LHON patients at different stages and healthy controls. Choroidal vascularity seems to stay stable after gene therapy.

scholarly journals Confusion Effects of Facial Expression Recognition in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder and Healthy Controls

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Mo ◽  
Jingjin Gu ◽  
Ke Zhao ◽  
Xiaolan Fu
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
The Difference

Facial expression recognition plays a crucial role in understanding the emotion of people, as well as in social interaction. Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have been repeatedly reported to be impaired in recognizing facial expressions. This study aimed to investigate the confusion effects between two facial expressions that presented different emotions and to compare the difference of confusion effect for each emotion pair between patients with MDD and healthy controls. Participants were asked to judge the emotion category of each facial expression in a two-alternative forced choice paradigm. Six basic emotions (i.e., happiness, fear, sadness, anger, surprise, and disgust) were examined in pairs, resulting in 15 emotion combinations. Results showed that patients with MDD were impaired in the recognition of all basic facial expressions except for the happy expression. Moreover, patients with MDD were more inclined to confuse a negative emotion (i.e., anger and disgust) with another emotion as compared to healthy controls. These findings highlight the importance that patients with MDD show a deficit of sensitivity in distinguishing specific two facial expressions.

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