Effect of drying air temperature on drying kinetics, color, carotenoid content, antioxidant capacity and oxidation of fat for lotus pollen

The aim of this study was to investigate the different combinations of red (R) and blue (B) light emitting diode (LEDs’) lighting effects on growth, pigment content, and antioxidant capacity in lettuce, spinach, kale, basil, and pepper in a growth chamber. The growth chamber was equipped with R and B light percentages based on total light intensity: 83% R + 17% B; 91% R + 9% B; 95% R + 5% B; and control was 100% R. The photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), photoperiod, temperature, and relative humidity of the growth chamber were maintained at 200 ± 5 μmol m−2 s−1, 16 h, 25/21 ± 2.5 °C, and 65 ± 5%, respectively. It is observed that the plant height of lettuce, kale, and pepper was significantly increased under 100% R light, whereas the plant height of spinach and basil did not show any significant difference. The total leaf number of basil and pepper was significantly increased under the treatment of 95% R + 5% B light, while no significant difference was observed for other plant species in the same treatment. Overall, the fresh and dry mass of the studied plants was increased under 91% R + 9% B and 95% R + 5% B light treatment. The significantly higher flower and fruit numbers of pepper were observed under the 95% R + 5% B treatment. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content of lettuce, spinach, basil, and pepper was significantly increased under the 91% R + 9% B treatment while the chlorophyll content of kale was increased under the 95% R + 5% B light treatment. The total carotenoid content of lettuce and spinach was higher in the 91% R + 9% B treatment whereas the carotenoid content of kale, basil, and pepper was increased under the 83% R + 17% B treatment. The antioxidant capacity of the lettuce, spinach, and kale was increased under the 83% R + 17% B treatment while basil and pepper were increased under the 91% R + 9% B treatment. This result indicates that the addition of B light is essential with R light to enhance growth, pigment content, and antioxidant capacity of the vegetable plant in a controlled environment. Moreover, the percentage of B with R light is plant species dependent.

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INFLUENCES OF MALTODEXTRIN AND HOT AIR TEMPERATURE ON LOSSES OF BETACYANIN AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY IN BEETROOT JUICE SPRAY DRYING

Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.15625/2525-2518/55/5a/12183 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 55 (5A) ◽

pp. 92

Author(s):

Lai Quoc Dat

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Thermal Effect ◽

Spray Drying ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Total Solid ◽

Solid Content ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Beetroot Juice ◽

Total Solid Content ◽

Hot Air

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.), which is rich in betacyanin and antioxidant compounds, has been utilized as a good source of red pigment and antioxidants. Nevertheless, these compounds are thermally sensitive, consequently, being degraded in processes conducted at high temperature. This research focused on effects of maltodextrin and hot air temperature on losses of betacyanin and antioxidant capacity in spray drying of beetroot juice. Results indicated that adding maltodextrin and temperature of hot air significantly influenced on loss by thermal effect, consequently, on the recovery yield of betacyanin and antioxidant capacity of beetroot juice powder. Adding maltodextrin enhanced protection of betacyanin and antioxidants in beetroot juice against thermal effect. Increasing temperature of hot air caused increase in loss by thermal effect of betacyanin and antioxidant capacity. The loss of antioxidant capacity by thermal effect was higher than that of betacyanin. Results also indicated that the suitable conditions of spray drying of beetroot juice are adding maltodextrin to reach 30 % w/w of total solid content and 150 oC of hot air temperature.

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Growth, Phenolics, Photosynthetic Pigments, and Antioxidant Response of Two New Genotypes of Sea Asparagus (Salicornia neei Lag.) to Salinity under Greenhouse and Field Conditions

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture8070115 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 115 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Manuel de Souza ◽

Carlos Mendes ◽

Kennia Doncato ◽

Eliana Badiale-Furlong ◽

César Costa

Keyword(s):

Salt Tolerance ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Bioactive Compound ◽

Antioxidant Response ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Water Yield ◽

Wide Range ◽

Flavonoid Quercetin ◽

High Yields

Small succulent halophytic shrubs of the genera Salicornia and Sarcocornia (Salicornioideae, Amaranthaceae) are commonly named sea asparagus and consumed worldwide as green salad in gourmet food, as conserves, and beverages. Their shoots are rich in bioactive compounds and plants show high yields in a wide range of salinities, but little is known about how salt cultivation conditions affect their chemical composition. Two genotypes (BTH1 and BTH2) of the Brazilian sea asparagus Salicornia neei Lag. were evaluated for salt tolerance and changes in shoot concentrations of organic metabolites and antioxidant activity under different salt exposure in both greenhouse and field conditions. All greenhouse plants received full strength modified Hoagland solution in deionized water with a basic electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.7 dS m−1, and with NaCl concentrations (in mM) of ~0.1 (control), 34, 86, 171, 513, and 769. After fifty days of cultivation, both S. neei genotypes showed high salt tolerance and grew better under low salinities (34–86 mM NaCl) than under control salinity. Shoots of BTH1 genotype appeared to be undergoing lignification and used their high carotenoid content to dissipate the oxidative power, and the zeaxanthin content and de-epoxidation state of xanthophylls (DES) were positively affected by salinity. Under increasing salinity, BTH2 genotype had higher relative content of chlorophyll b, which may have lowered the plant photo-oxidation rate, and increased shoot concentration of the flavonoid quercetin (up to 11.6 μg g−1 dw at 769 mM NaCl), leading to higher antioxidant capacity. In the field experiment, after 154 days of irrigation with saline (213 mM NaCl) shrimp farm effluent, BTH2 plants grew taller, produced more metabolites (e.g., total phenolics, total free flavonoids, quercetin, and protocatechuic acid) and had a greater antioxidant capacity of shoots than that of BTH1 plants and that of traditional crops irrigated with fresh water. Yield and bioactive compound composition of S. neei genotypes’ shoots can be enhanced by cultivation under moderate saline conditions.

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Effect of air temperature and velocity on drying kinetics and essential oil composition of Piper umbellatum L. leaves

Industrial Crops and Products ◽

10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111846 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 142 ◽

pp. 111846 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Luana do Nascimento Silveira Dorneles ◽

André Luís Duarte Goneli ◽

Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso ◽

Cristiane Bezerra da Silva ◽

Michele Rosemari Hauth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Drying Kinetics ◽

Oil Composition

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Carotenoid content and antioxidant capacity of Mediterranean vegetable soup (gazpacho) treated by high-pressure/temperature during refrigerated storage

European Food Research and Technology ◽

10.1007/s00217-005-0174-z ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 223 (2) ◽

pp. 210-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Lucía Plaza ◽

Concepción Sánchez-Moreno ◽

Begoña De Ancos ◽

M. Pilar Cano

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Refrigerated Storage ◽

Vegetable Soup

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Optimization of Drying Kinetics and Quality Parameters of Broccoli Florets

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.2202/1556-3758.2181 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Andrea V Mahn ◽

Paola Antoine ◽

Alejandro Reyes

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Air Flow ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Particle Diameter ◽

Drying Kinetics ◽

Convective Drying ◽

Air Flow Rate ◽

Drying Time

Drying kinetics of broccoli florets in a tunnel dryer was studied. Effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) and activation energy for moisture diffusion (E0) were estimated. The effect of air temperature, air flow rate and particle size on antioxidant capacity, greenness and texture were calculated through a 23 factorial design. Air flow rate and temperature significantly affected drying time. Deff fluctuated between 2.82 x 10-10 and 2.00 x 10-9 (m2/s), and E0 was around 42 KJ/mol, agreeing with values reported in literature. The maximum antioxidant activity was obtained at 60°C, air flow rate of 4 m/s and 1.5 cm particle diameter, resulting in a 70 percent reduction in free radical scavenging ability and a 29 percent increase in total reductive capability. Air temperature had significant effect on greenness, and air flow rate significantly affected texture. The optimization of convective drying of broccoli allows maximizing antioxidant activity and minimizing cost by saving energy and time.

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Effect of drying air temperature on drying kinetics and physicochemical characteristics of dried banana

Journal of Food Process Engineering ◽

10.1111/jfpe.13451 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Leandro Levate Macedo ◽

Wallaf Costa Vimercati ◽

Cintia Araújo ◽

Sérgio Henriques Saraiva ◽

Luciano José Quintão Teixeira

Keyword(s):

Air Temperature ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Drying Kinetics

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Effect of Air Temperature on Convective Drying Assisted by High Power Ultrasound

Defect and Diffusion Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.258-260.563 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 258-260 ◽

pp. 563-574 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

J.V. García-Pérez ◽

Carmen Rosselló ◽

J.A. Cárcel ◽

Susana De la Fuente ◽

A. Mulet

Keyword(s):

Mass Transfer ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Drying Kinetics ◽

Drying Rate ◽

External Resistance ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Power Ultrasound ◽

Effective Moisture ◽

High Power Ultrasound ◽

Er Model

Drying kinetics of carrot cubes were carried out at 1 m/s air velocity at different air drying temperatures (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70±0.1 °C) (AIR experiments), and also at the same experimental conditions but applying high power ultrasound (US experiments). Two kind of diffusion models were used to simulate the drying kinetics, according to external resistance to mass transfer being considered (ER model) or neglected (NER model) for solving the diffusion equation. Diffusion ER model was solved using a finite difference method. Drying rate increased as air temperature was higher. Ultrasound also increased drying rate at the different temperatures, but the improvement on drying rate decreased at high temperatures, and almost disappeared at 70 °C. Effective moisture diffusivities only showed an Arrhenius type relationship with temperature for AIR experiments. The NER diffusion model was not accurate to simulate the drying kinetics at any experimental conditions tested. However, diffusion ER model provided a high closeness between experimental and calculated drying data (VAR>99.80). Through the parameters identified of the ER diffusion model, effective moisture diffusivity and mass transfer coefficient, the influence of the power ultrasound application on internal and external resistance to mass transfer was shown to be significant (p<0.05).

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