Role of fibrinogen–erythrocyte and erythrocyte–erythrocyte adhesion on cardiovascular pathologies

AbstractCardiovascular pathologies are often induced by inflammation. The associated changes in the inflammatory response influence vascular endothelial biology; they complicate the extent of ischaemia and reperfusion injury, direct the migration of immune competent cells and activate platelets. The initiation and progression of inflammation is regulated by the classical paradigm through the system of cytokines and chemokines. Therapeutic approaches have previously used this knowledge to control the extent of cardiovascular changes with varying degrees of success. Neuronal guidance proteins (NGPs) have emerged in recent years and have been shown to be significantly involved in the control of tissue inflammation and the mechanisms of immune cell activation. Therefore, proteins of this class might be used in the future as targets to control the extent of inflammation in the cardiovascular system. In this review, we describe the role of NGPs during cardiovascular inflammation and highlight potential therapeutic options that could be explored in the future.

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Regulation of pyroptosis in cardiovascular pathologies: role of noncoding RNAs

Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids ◽

10.1016/j.omtn.2021.05.016 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jinning Gao ◽

Xiatian Chen ◽

Pengcheng Wei ◽

Yin Wang ◽

Peifeng Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Noncoding Rnas ◽

Cardiovascular Pathologies

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Glutathione Participation in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10081220 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1220

Author(s):

Deyamira Matuz-Mares ◽

Héctor Riveros-Rosas ◽

María Magdalena Vilchis-Landeros ◽

Héctor Vázquez-Meza

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Superoxide Anion ◽

Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽

Hypochlorous Acid ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Reactive Species ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Cardiovascular Pathologies

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (such as occlusion of the coronary arteries, hypertensive heart diseases and strokes) are diseases that generate thousands of patients with a high mortality rate worldwide. Many of these cardiovascular pathologies, during their development, generate a state of oxidative stress that leads to a deterioration in the patient’s conditions associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Within these reactive species we find superoxide anion (O2•–), hydroxyl radical (•OH), nitric oxide (NO•), as well as other species of non-free radicals such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorous acid (HClO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO–). A molecule that actively participates in counteracting the oxidizing effect of reactive species is reduced glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide that is present in all tissues and that its synthesis and/or regeneration is very important to be able to respond to the increase in oxidizing agents. In this review, we will address the role of glutathione, its synthesis in both the heart and the liver, and its importance in preventing or reducing deleterious ROS effects in cardiovascular diseases.

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Clinico-pharmacological aspects of metoprolol use

Systemic Hypertension ◽

10.26442/sg28997 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 80-83

Author(s):

G S Anikin ◽

I M Chernova ◽

V G Vinokurov

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Review Article ◽

Metoprolol Tartrate ◽

Metoprolol Succinate ◽

Treatment Of Hypertension ◽

Cardiovascular Pathologies ◽

Artery Disease

Over the years b-blocker metoprolol is one of the commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of various cardiovascular pathologies . The following review article discusses the classification of b-blockers , and pharmacokinetics of two metoprolol forms available on the market today: metoprolol tartrate (Vasocardin, Corvitolum, Egilok ) and metoprolol succinate (Betaloc ZOK). The role of metoprolol in the treatment of hypertension, coronary artery disease and heart failure is described here as well.

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Uremic Toxins and Vascular Dysfunction

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins12060404 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 404 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Isabelle Six ◽

Nadia Flissi ◽

Gaëlle Lenglet ◽

Loïc Louvet ◽

Said Kamel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

Vascular Dysfunction ◽

Essential Element ◽

Uremic Toxins ◽

Nitric Oxide Production ◽

Conventional Risk Factor ◽

Vascular Calcifications ◽

Cardiovascular Pathologies ◽

Determining Factor

Vascular dysfunction is an essential element found in many cardiovascular pathologies and in pathologies that have a cardiovascular impact such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). Alteration of vasomotricity is due to an imbalance between the production of relaxing and contracting factors. In addition to becoming a determining factor in pathophysiological alterations, vascular dysfunction constitutes the first step in the development of atherosclerosis plaques or vascular calcifications. In patients with CKD, alteration of vasomotricity tends to emerge as being a new, less conventional, risk factor. CKD is characterized by the accumulation of uremic toxins (UTs) such as phosphate, para-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate, and FGF23 and, consequently, the deleterious role of UTs on vascular dysfunction has been explored. This accumulation of UTs is associated with systemic alterations including inflammation, oxidative stress, and the decrease of nitric oxide production. The present review proposes to summarize our current knowledge of the mechanisms by which UTs induce vascular dysfunction.

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Discovery of Side- and Shear-Dependent miRNAs and mRNAs in Human Aortic Valvular Endothelial Cells

ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/sbc2011-53315 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Casey J. Holliday ◽

Randall F. Ankeny ◽

Hanjoong Jo ◽

Robert M. Nerem

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Aortic Valve ◽

Oscillatory Flow ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Flow Conditions ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Inflammatory Phenotype ◽

Cardiovascular Pathologies ◽

Laminar Shear

Aortic valve (AV) disease is diagnosed by severe symptoms, such as calcification, and typically treated by AV replacement and repair surgeries. The mechanism by which AV disease occurs, specifically the role of the endothelium remains relatively unknown. It is known that disease preferentially occurs on the fibrosa, or aortic side, where it is exposed to disturbed, oscillatory flow, whereas the ventricularis, or side facing the left ventricle, experiences pulsatile, laminar shear and remains non-calcified [1, 2]. Research shows that regulation of miRNAs, short nucleotide segments targeting mRNAs, coincides with cardiovascular pathologies [3] though expression profiles of miRNAs and the mRNAs they modulate in human AV endothelial cells (HAVECs) have not been reported. We hypothesize that disturbed flow conditions present on the fibrosa stimulate ECs to modify expression of genes and miRNAs to induce a pro-inflammatory phenotype.

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Role of erythrocyte phosphatidylserine in sickle red cell–endothelial adhesion

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v99.5.1564 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 99 (5) ◽

pp. 1564-1571 ◽

Cited By ~ 119

Author(s):

B. N. Yamaja Setty ◽

Surekha Kulkarni ◽

Marie J. Stuart

Keyword(s):

Annexin V ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Vascular Pathology ◽

Membrane Asymmetry ◽

Adhesion Receptor ◽

Sickle Erythrocyte ◽

Erythrocyte Surface ◽

Erythrocyte Adhesion ◽

The Individual

Phosphatidlyserine (PS) exposure on the erythrocyte surface endows the cell with the propensity of adhering to vascular endothelium. Because individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) manifest loss of erythrocyte membrane asymmetry with PS exposure, we have assessed the contribution of this marker to the process of sickle erythrocyte–microendothelial adhesion. Assays for plasma-induced adhesion were conducted on unactivated endothelium, in the absence of immobilized ligands, such that PS was compared to the erythrocyte adhesion receptor CD36. Blocking studies with erythrocytes pretreated with annexin V (to cloak PS) or anti-CD36 or both revealed an inhibitory effect on adhesion of 36% ± 10% and 23% ± 8% with blocking of both sites suggestive of an additive effect. We next evaluated 87 blood samples from patients with SCD and grouped them into 4 categories based on adhesion marker (CD36 and PS) levels. Results revealed a striking correlation between erythrocyte PS positivity and adhesion. Analyses of the individual patient data demonstrated a positive correlation between PS and adhesion (R = 0.52,P < .000 001), whereas none was noted between adhesion and CD36 (R = 0.2, P > .07). The effect of PS on adhesion appears to be related to the quantitative differences in erythrocyte markers in SCD, with PS the predominant marker when compared to CD36 both in the total erythrocyte population, and when the adherence-prone erythrocyte, the CD71+ stress reticulocyte, was evaluated. Our study signals the entrance of an important new contributor to the field of sickle erythrocyte–endothelial adhesion. The implications of erythrocyte PS exposure in relation to the vascular pathology of SCD need to be assessed.

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The role of sphingolipids in cardiovascular pathologies

Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya ◽

10.18097/pbmc20186406487 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (6) ◽

pp. 487-495 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A.V. Alessenko ◽

A.T. Lebedev ◽

I.N. Kurochkin

Keyword(s):

Aliphatic Alcohol ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Industrialized Countries ◽

Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽

Cardiovascular Pathologies

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. One of the most significant risk factors for atherosclerosis is hypercholesterolemia. Its diagnostics is based on routine lipid profile analysis, including the determination of total cholesterol, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. However in recent years, much attention has been paid to the crosstalk between the metabolic pathways of the cholesterol and sphingolipids biosynthesis. Sphingolipids are a group of lipids, containing a molecule of aliphatic alcohol sphingosine. These include sphingomyelins, cerebrosides, gangliosides and ceramides, sphingosines, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S-1-P). It has been found that catabolism of sphingolipids is associated with catabolism of cholesterol. However, the exact mechanism of this interaction is still unknown. Particular attention as CVD inducer attracts ceramide (Cer). Lipoprotein aggregates isolated from atherosclerotic pluques are enriched with Cer. The level of Cer and sphingosine increases after ischemia reperfusion of the heart, in the infarction zone and in the blood, and also in hypertension. S-1-P exhibits pronounced cardioprotective properties. Its content sharply decreases with ischemia and myocardial infarction. S-1-P presents predominantly in HDL, and influences their multiple functions. Increased levels of Cer and sphingosine and decreased levels of S-1-P formed in the course of coronary heart disease can be an important factor in the development of atherosclerosis. It is proposed to use determination of sphingolipids in blood plasma as markers for early diagnosis of cardiac ischemia and for hypertension in humans. There are intensive studies aimed at correction of metabolism S-1-P. The most successful drugs are those that use S-1-P receptors as a targets, since all of its actions are receptor-mediated.

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The role of influenza vaccination in the prevention of pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases

Russian Military Medical Academy Reports ◽

10.17816/rmmar76445 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 63-67

Author(s):

Andrey V. Vasin

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Influenza Vaccination ◽

Research Data ◽

Influenza Vaccines ◽

World Health ◽

Acute Respiratory Disease ◽

Effective Role ◽

Cardiovascular Pathologies ◽

Health Organization

Influenza is an acute respiratory disease that causes annual epidemics and periodic pandemics with high mortality. It is characterized by the development of severe complications, the main of which are pulmonary and cardiovascular ones. The only effective method of preventing influenza, and therefore the influenza-associated complications, is vaccination, which is carried out annually on the basis of World Health Organization influenza vaccines composition recommendations. This article provides the review of the research data confirming the effective role of influenza vaccination in the prevention of pulmonary and cardiovascular pathologies (bibliography: 12 refs).

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Inflammatory Molecular Mediators and Pathways Involved in Vascular Aging and Stroke: A Comprehensive Review

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867328666210901122359 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

Author(s):

Amro M. Soliman ◽

Srijit Das ◽

Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh

Keyword(s):

Drug Targets ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Potential Role ◽

Vascular Diseases ◽

Vascular Aging ◽

Inflammatory Conditions ◽

Age Related ◽

Cardiovascular Pathologies ◽

Potential Drug Targets

: There is an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases with aging and it is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The main cardiovascular pathologies include atherosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, hypertension and stroke. Chronic inflammation is one of the significant contributors to the age-related vascular diseases. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of the persistent inflammatory conditions occurring in the blood vessels as well as the signaling pathways involved. Herein, we performed an extant search of literature involving PubMed, ISI, WoS and Scopus databases for retrieving all relevant articles with the most recent findings illustrating the potential role of various inflammatory mediators along with their proposed activated pathways in the pathogenesis and progression of vascular aging. We also highlight the major pathways contributing to age-related vascular disorders. The outlined molecular mechanisms, pathways and mediators of vascular aging represent potential drug targets that can be utilized to inhibit and/or slow the pathogenesis and progression of vascular aging.

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