Organic photovoltaic water reservoir covers – dual purpose land use, renewable electricity and water conservation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Esther Magadley ◽  
Ibrahim Yehia
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Organic Photovoltaic ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Dual Purpose

scholarly journals Effects of Vegetation Restoration on Soil Erosion on the Loess Plateau: A Case Study in the Ansai Watershed

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6266
Author(s):  
Hui Wei ◽  
Wenwu Zhao ◽  
Han Wang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Erosion Environment

Large-scale vegetation restoration greatly changed the soil erosion environment in the Loess Plateau since the implementation of the “Grain for Green Project” (GGP) in 1999. Evaluating the effects of vegetation restoration on soil erosion is significant to local soil and water conservation and vegetation construction. Taking the Ansai Watershed as the case area, this study calculated the soil erosion modulus from 2000 to 2015 under the initial and current scenarios of vegetation restoration, using the Chinese Soil Loess Equation (CSLE), based on rainfall and soil data, remote sensing images and socio-economic data. The effect of vegetation restoration on soil erosion was evaluated by comparing the average annual soil erosion modulus under two scenarios among 16 years. The results showed: (1) vegetation restoration significantly changed the local land use, characterized by the conversion of farmland to grassland, arboreal land, and shrub land. From 2000 to 2015, the area of arboreal land, shrub land, and grassland increased from 19.46 km2, 19.43 km2, and 719.49 km2 to 99.26 km2, 75.97 km2, and 1084.24 km2; while the farmland area decreased from 547.90 km2 to 34.35 km2; (2) the average annual soil erosion modulus from 2000 to 2015 under the initial and current scenarios of vegetation restoration was 114.44 t/(hm²·a) and 78.42 t/(hm²·a), respectively, with an average annual reduction of 4.81 × 106 t of soil erosion amount thanks to the vegetation restoration; (3) the dominant soil erosion intensity changed from “severe and light erosion” to “moderate and light erosion”, vegetation restoration greatly improved the soil erosion environment in the study area; (4) areas with increased erosion and decreased erosion were alternately distributed, accounting for 48% and 52% of the total land area, and mainly distributed in the northwest and southeast of the watershed, respectively. Irrational land use changes in local areas (such as the conversion of farmland and grassland into construction land, etc.) and the ineffective implementation of vegetation restoration are the main reasons leading to the existence of areas with increased erosion.

scholarly journals Impact of Land Use Change on Water Conservation: A Case Study of Zhangjiakou in Yongding River

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Tianshi Pan ◽  
Lijun Zuo ◽  
Zengxiang Zhang ◽  
Xiaoli Zhao ◽  
Feifei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Yongding River

The implementation of ecological projects can largely change regional land use patterns, in turn altering the local hydrological process. Articulating these changes and their effects on ecosystem services, such as water conservation, is critical to understanding the impacts of land use activities and in directing future land planning toward regional sustainable development. Taking Zhangjiakou City of the Yongding River as the study area—a region with implementation of various ecological projects—the impact of land use changes on various hydrological components and water conservation capacity from 2000 to 2015 was simulated based on a soil and water assessment tool model (SWAT). An empirical regression model based on partial least squares was established to explore the contribution of different land use changes on water conservation. With special focus on the forest having the most complex effects on the hydrological process, the impacts of forest type and age on the water conservation capacity are discussed on different scales. Results show that between 2000 and 2015, the area of forest, grassland and cultivated land decreased by 0.05%, 0.98% and 1.64%, respectively, which reduces the regional evapotranspiration (0.48%) and soil water content (0.72%). The increase in settlement area (42.23%) is the main reason for the increase in water yield (14.52%). Most land use covered by vegetation has strong water conservation capacity, and the water conservation capacity of the forest is particularly outstanding. Farmland and settlements tend to have a negative effect on water conservation. The water conservation capacity of forest at all scales decreased significantly with the growth of forest (p < 0.05), while the water conservation capacity of different tree species had no significant difference. For the study area, increasing the forest area will be an effective way to improve the water conservation function, planting evergreen conifers can rapidly improve the regional water conservation capacity, while planting deciduous conifers is of great benefit to long-term sustainable development.

scholarly journals PENANAMAN POHON SEBAGAI UPAYA MENJAGA CADANGAN AIR TANAH DAN MENCEGAH BAHAYA EROSI DI KECAMATAN CIBIRU

Al-Khidmat ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Kundang Harisman ◽  
Budy Frasetya ◽  
Adjat Sudrajat ◽  
Suryaman Birnadi ◽  
Maratun Sholeha
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Land Use Conversion ◽  
Conservation Activity ◽  
Soil And Water

Land use conversion in to settlements and agricultural land affect rainwater can not be infiltrate directly in to the soil. Cibiru District has large area with slope so that this region has high risk of erosion. Soil and water conservation activity through tree planting methode  involving comunity services is startegic effort to overcome potential erosion hazzard and increase soil infiltration. The activity of Community services was held from July-August 2018 in Palasari sub-district which has slope 8-15%. This community services methode used in the form of tree planting workshop and supervision during the manintenance periode. This tree planting program was welcomed enthusiastically by the community. The comunity in Cibiru District is pro active in preservation trees, especially during the dry season.

scholarly journals GIS modelling for locating the risk zone of soil erosionin a deciduous forest

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nasiri
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Highest Weight

The maps of altitude, geology, vegetation cover and land use were prepared and classified as the main criteria to locate soil and water conservation programs. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to determine the relative priorities of these criteria by pairwise comparison. All the thematic maps were then integrated using the overlay process in Geographical Information System (GIS) and the final map of soil erosion risk was produced. Results indicated that vegetation cover was given the highest weight (0.494). The geology was assigned the second highest weight (0.313), as the main cause of initiation of the erosion of erodible lands. Land-use change has a local influence on soil erosion, so it was assigned the third weight (0.151). Altitude is a low-impact variable for predicting the water and soil conservation areas. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Reducing Vulnerability to Desertification by Using the Spatial Measures in a Degraded Area in Thailand

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saowanee Wijitkosum
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Aridity Index ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Spatial Measures ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Desertification Risk

The process of desertification is complex, involving interaction between many factors, both environmental and anthropogenic. However, human activities, especially from land-use change and inappropriate land use, are the most influential factors associated with the desertification risk. This study was conducted in Huay Sai, a degraded land in Thailand. The Environmentally Sensitive Area Index (ESAI) model incorporating Geogracphic Information System (GIS) was applied to investigate and map the desertification sensitivity area. The study aimed to analyze and assess measures to reduce the desertification risk. This study emphasized three group factors with nine subcriteria influencing desertification risk: soil (texture, fertility, drainage, slope gradient, and depth), climatic (precipitation and aridity index), and vegetation factors (land use and soil erosion). In terms of the required spatial measures to reduce the desertification vulnerability, policy and defensive measures that were closely related to drought and desertification of the area were considered. Three main measures covering soil and water conservation, soil improvement, and reforestation were implemented. The area development and restoration plans have been implemented continuously. The study found that 47.29% of the Huay Sai area was at a high risk, with a further 41.16% at a moderate risk. Implementation of three measures indicated that desertification risk was significantly decreased. Addressing the causes of the highest risk areas could help reduce the overall desertification risk at Huay Sai, where most areas would then be at either a moderate (61.04%) or low (32.43%) desertification risk with no severe- or high-risk areas. The success of the area restoration is from the formulation of a restoration and development plan that understands the local conditions. Moreover, the plan integrated the restoration of the soil, forests, and water together in order to restore the ecosystem so that the implementation was able to solve problems directly.

scholarly journals Prediksi Erosi dan Arahan Penggunaan Lahan Daerah Aliran Sungai Yeh Leh Provinsi Bali

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Ni Made Ayu Ratna Sari ◽  
I Wayan Sandi Adnyana ◽  
I Nyoman Merit
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Land Capability ◽  
Watershed Area ◽  
Erosion Level ◽  
Soil And Water

Erosion in the watershed generally occurs due to land use that ignores the rules of soil and water conservation. There is much activity carried out by people living on land in the Yeh Leh watershed area, which makes the level of dependence is very enormous.The erosion forecast is using the USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) to estimate the erosion swift occurs and to obtain illustration in determining the precise soil and water measures in a region. The determination of land capability classification is using Arsyad’s method (1989) in which to classify the land ability by classifying the land ability class based on the value of land limiting factors, which then adjusted to the criteria of classification of land capability. The land use directional determination is applying the scoring method where combining field slope factor, soil sensitivity to erosion and daily rainfall intensity. The erosion level of the YehLeh watershed area is categorized as mild to very severe. A very light erosion level as large as 515 ha (21.01%), with the land use in the form of irrigated rice field and forest. The severe erosion level as large as 990.02 ha (40.40%) with land use in the form of plantations. The very heavy erosion level as large as 945.82 ha (38.59%) with land use in the form of plantations. The classification of land capability in the YehLeh watershed area consists of 5 classes of land abilities: class II of 115, 22 ha (4.70%), class III of 533.95 ha (21.79%), class IV of 423.61 (17.28%), Class VI of 1,102.03 ha (44.97%), and Class VII of 276.03 ha (11.26%), with some limiting factors for instance, soil texture, erosion and drainage. Proposed land use in the YehLeh watershed area use for forest areas is as protected forest of 456.49 ha (18.63%). Proposed land use outside of the forest area consist of 58.51 ha (2.39%) of seasonal crops, annual cultivation area of 990.02 ha (40.40%) and buffer area of 945.82 (38.59%). Keywords: watershed, erosion, land capability classification, proposed land use.

Nakanoumi Land Reclamation and Freshening Project

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 151-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisao Ohtake
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Coastal Lagoon ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Narrow Channel ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Japan Sea ◽  
Land Use Plan

Lake Nakanoumi is a shallow coastal lagoon connected with the Japan Sea only by a narrow channel. The Nakanoumi Land Reclamation and Freshening Project was started in 1963. The objectives of this project were to reclaim agricultural lands of 25 km2 from Lake Nakanoumi and to convert the remaining water basin of some 3.6 × 108 m3 into a fresh-water reservoir by damming its narrow entrance. However, socio-economic conditions have drastically changed since the late 1960's. The originial plan of agriculture in newly reclaimed lands had to be changed because of a rice overproduction since 1967 and the future land-use plan has not yet been determined. It was widely appreciated in the 1970's that a natural environment was indispensable for human life. Under these circumstances local people began to raise cries for reconsideration of the project which seemed to lose its original purpose and significance. Until now the full enclosure of Lake Nakanoumi has not been started, despite the completion of a tidal gate in 1974. An inter-disciplinary approach becomes increasingly more necessary to solve the problem.

Impact of landscape pattern change on runoff processes in catchment area of the Ulungur River Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1046-1058
Author(s):  
Fan Gao ◽  
Bing He ◽  
Songsong Xue ◽  
Yizhen Li
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Landscape Pattern ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Monthly Runoff ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, the monthly runoff processes of two land-use types in 2000 and 2015 were simulated in this paper. The relationship between runoff and landscape pattern was analyzed, and the spatial correlation between runoff and landscape pattern analyzed using the geographic weighted regression model combined with the change of landscape pattern in the study area from 2000 to 2015. The results show the following. (1) The SWAT model can simulate the monthly runoff processes in the catchment area of the Ulungur River Basin (URB) under different land-use types for 2000 and 2015, but the simulation effect in 2000 was found to be better than that in 2015. (2) From 2000 to 2015, the area of woodland and grassland decreased. Runoff was positively correlated with woodland, grassland, largest patch index, mean patch area (AREA_MN), and contagion index, and negatively correlated with others. This indicates that the landscape fragmentation of URB was aggravated in 2000–2015, the landscape balance was destroyed, and the ability of rainfall interception and water conservation was weakened. (3) Landscape pattern indicators of grassland had a negative spatial impact on URB runoff, and the northern region of URB was more severely affected in 2015 than in 2000. AREA_MN landscape pattern index had a positive impact on runoff in the northern part of URB, and the positive impact in northern URB in 2000 was better than that in 2015.

The Impacts of Different Land Use Patterns on Water Volume in the Xixian Watershed, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 728-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan Han ◽  
Tao Cai
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Huaihe River Basin ◽  
Huaihe River ◽  
Soil And Water

In this study, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to simulate land-use change effects on water quantity in the upper Huaihe river basin above the Xixian hydrological controlling station with a catchment area of 10,190 km2 by the use of three-phase (1980s、1990s、2000s) land-use maps, soil type map (1:200000), 1980 to 2008 daily time series of rainfall from the upper Huaihe river basin. On the basis of the simulated time series of daily runoff, land-use change effects on spatio-temporal change patterns of runoff coefficients and runoff modules were investigated. The results revealed that under the same condition of soil texture and terrain slope the advantage for runoff generation and the sensitivity of rainfall-runoff relationship to rainfall descended by farmland, paddy field, woodland.The outputs could provide important references for soil and water conservation and river health protection in the upper stream of Huaihe river.

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