The research progress of circular RNAs in hematological malignancies

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel type of non-coding RNAs. Because of their characteristics of a closed loop structure, disease- and tissue-specificity, and high conservation and stability, circRNAs have the potential to be biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Head and neck cancers are one of the most common malignant tumors with high incidence rates globally. Affected patients are often diagnosed at the advanced stage with poor prognosis, owing to the concealment of anatomic sites. The characteristics, functions, and specific mechanisms of circRNAs in head and neck cancers are increasingly being discovered, and they have important clinical significance for the early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis evaluation of patients with cancer. In this study, the generation, characteristics, and functions of circRNAs, along with their regulatory mechanisms in head and neck cancers have been summarized. We report that circRNAs interact with molecules such as transcription and growth factors to influence specific pathways involved in tumorigenesis. We conclude that circRNAs have an important role to play in the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, energy and substance metabolism, and treatment resistance in cancers.

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The Regulatory Functions of Circular RNAs in Digestive System Cancers

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers12030770 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 770 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Xiao Yuan ◽

Ya Yuan ◽

Zhi He ◽

Diyan Li ◽

Bo Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Digestive System ◽

Rna Binding ◽

Rna Binding Proteins ◽

Circular Rna ◽

Research Progress ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

Biological Functions ◽

Ribonucleic Acids ◽

Mirna Sponges ◽

And Biological Markers

Circular ribonucleic acids (circRNAs), which are a type of covalently closed circular RNA, are receiving increasing attention. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that circRNAs are involved in the biogenesis and development of multiple diseases such as digestive system cancers. Dysregulated circRNAs have been found to act as oncogenes or tumour suppressors in digestive system cancers. Moreover, circRNAs are related to ageing and a wide variety of processes in tumour cells, such as cell apoptosis, invasion, migration, and proliferation. Moreover, circRNAs can perform a remarkable multitude of biological functions, such as regulating splicing or transcription, binding RNA-binding proteins to enable function, acting as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, and undergoing translated into proteins. However, in digestive system cancers, circRNAs function mainly as miRNA sponges. Herein, we summarise the latest research progress on biological functions of circRNAs in digestive system cancers. This review serves as a synopsis of potential therapeutic targets and biological markers for digestive system cancer.

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The Mechanism and Clinical Significance of Circular RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.714665 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Ziyue Huang ◽

Haoming Xia ◽

Shuqiang Liu ◽

Xudong Zhao ◽

Risheng He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Immune Escape ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Research Progress ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

Transcriptional Level ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors worldwide. In view of the lack of early obvious clinical symptoms and related early diagnostic biomarkers with high specificity and sensitivity, most HCC patients are already at the advanced stages at the time of diagnosis, and most of them are accompanied by distant metastasis. Furthermore, the unsatisfactory effect of the follow-up palliative care contributes to the poor overall survival of HCC patients. Therefore, it is urgent to identify effective early diagnosis and prognostic biomarkers and to explore novel therapeutic approaches to improve the prognosis of HCC patients. Circular RNA (CircRNA), a class of plentiful, stable, and highly conserved ncRNA subgroup with the covalent closed loop, is dysregulated in HCC. Increasingly, emerging evidence have confirmed that dysregulated circRNAs can regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level, mediating various malignant biological behaviors of HCC cells, including proliferation, invasion, metastasis, immune escape, stemness, and drug resistance, etc.; meanwhile, they are regarded as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of HCC. This article reviews the research progress of circRNAs in HCC, expounding the potential molecular mechanisms of dysregulated circRNAs in the carcinogenesis and development of HCC, and discusses those application prospects in the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.

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Research Progress of circRNAs in Glioblastoma

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology ◽

10.3389/fcell.2021.791892 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Xu Guo ◽

Haozhe Piao

Keyword(s):

Biological Properties ◽

Research Progress ◽

Migration And Invasion ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

Specific Expression ◽

New Ideas ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

New Biomarkers ◽

Terminal Poly

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of single-stranded covalently closed non-coding RNAs without a 5′ cap structure or 3′ terminal poly (A) tail, which are expressed in a variety of tissues and cells with conserved, stable and specific characteristics. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal tumor in the central nervous system, characterized by high recurrence and mortality rates. The specific expression of circRNAs in GBM has demonstrated their potential to become new biomarkers for the development of GBM. The specific expression of circRNAs in GBM has shown their potential as new biomarkers for GBM cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, which provides new ideas for GBM treatment. In this paper, we will review the biological properties and functions of circRNAs and their biological roles and clinical applications in GBM.

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Research Progress on Artemisinin and Its Derivatives against Hematological Malignancies

Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1007/s11655-019-3207-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 947-955 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ying Li ◽

Ning-ning Shan ◽

Xiao-hui Sui

Keyword(s):

Hematological Malignancies ◽

Research Progress

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Research Progress of Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapy in Hematological Malignancies

Advances in Clinical Medicine ◽

10.12677/acm.2021.116408 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (06) ◽

pp. 2811-2818

Author(s):

瑞雪马

Keyword(s):

Hematological Malignancies ◽

Research Progress ◽

Cellular Immunotherapy ◽

Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapy

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The functions and clinical significance of circRNAs in hematological malignancies

Journal of Hematology & Oncology ◽

10.1186/s13045-020-00976-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiangxiang Zhou ◽

Linquan Zhan ◽

Kai Huang ◽

Xin Wang

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Hematological Malignancies ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Mrna Splicing ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

Biological Processes ◽

The Novel ◽

Novel Biomarkers ◽

Regulatory Rnas ◽

By Products

Abstract With covalently closed circular structures, circular RNAs (circRNAs) were once misinterpreted as by-products of mRNA splicing. Being abundant, stable, highly conserved, and tissue-specific, circRNAs are recently identified as a type of regulatory RNAs. CircRNAs bind to certain miRNAs or proteins to participate in gene transcription and translation. Emerging evidence has indicated that the dysregulation of circRNAs is closely linked to the tumorigenesis and treatment response of hematological malignancies. CircRNAs play critical roles in various biological processes, including tumorigenesis, drug resistance, tumor metabolism, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. The N6-methyladenosine modification of circRNAs and discovery of fusion-circRNAs provide novel insights into the functions of circRNAs. Targeting circRNAs in hematological malignancies will be an attractive treatment strategy. In this review, we systematically summarize recent advances toward the novel functions and molecular mechanisms of circRNAs in hematological malignancies, and highlight the potential clinical applications of circRNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for future exploration.

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Research Progress on the Functions and Mechanism of circRNA in Cisplatin Resistance in Tumors

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.709324 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Qingchun Mu ◽

Yue Lv ◽

Chunmei Luo ◽

Xiaojing Liu ◽

Chunming Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Target Gene ◽

Cisplatin Resistance ◽

Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Research Progress ◽

Circular Rnas ◽

Overall Survival Rate ◽

Chemotherapeutic Drug ◽

Mesenchymal Transition ◽

Damage Repair ◽

Promising Target

Cisplatin is a common chemotherapeutic drug that has been used to treat of numerous tumors, including testicular, lung, bladder, ovarian, liver and head and neck cancers. Although clinical chemotherapy based on cisplatin has shown a remarkable therapeutic effect, the resistance to cisplatin becomes increasingly obvious as a patient uses it for a prolonged period. It not only affects the prognosis of these tumors, but also causes the recurrence of cancer and decreases the overall survival rate. The development of cisplatin resistance involves several mechanisms, including DNA damage repair, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter, autophagy, cancer stem cells (CSCs), epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and other related signaling pathways. Interestingly, these mechanisms have been found to be influenced by circular RNAs (circRNAs) to regulate tumor proliferation, invasion, chemosensitivity, and other biological behaviors in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In recent years, circRNAs in cisplatin resistance in tumors, especially lung cancer and gastric cancer, have gradually drawn peoples’ attention. This review summarizes recent studies on the functions and mechanisms of circRNAs in cisplatin resistance. We emphasize that circRNA can be used as a promising target gene to improve drug resistance and therapeutic efficacy.

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