Assessment of a Novel Approach to Evaluate the Outcome of Endoscope Reprocessing

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Sciortino ◽  
Eric L. Xia ◽  
Alberta Mozee
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Calcofluor White ◽  
Herpes Simplex Viruses ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Microbiological Outcome ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection

AbstractObjective:To investigate and evaluate the use of a portable luminometer system for detecting contamination following the reprocessing and high-level disinfection of flexible endoscopes.Design:Random sampling of endoscopes spaced at 1- to 2-week intervals following normal use in patients.Methods:Portable luminometer system testing of 31 endoscopes undergoing reprocessing, 63 stored endoscopes, and 15 reprocessed endoscopes that underwent in-depth microbiological analysis. For testing with the portable luminometer system, samples were collected by swabbing a 100-cm2 shank surface area and the internal tip end orifice. Standardization of portable luminometer system results was performed in vitro by comparison of serial dilutions of known quantities of microorganisms and blood, tested before and after sterilization by autoclave. Microbiological analysis included Gram stain, culture for aerobic bacteria, and gene probes for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, and Cytomegalovirus. Trichrome and calcofluor white stains were used to detect parasites and fungi. Legionella was detected by stain with fluorescent-labeled monoclonal antibody.Setting:The gastroendoscopy unit of a Veterans Affairs hospital.Results:The portable luminometer system was capable of detecting microbial and cellular contamination of flexible endoscopes following high-level disinfection and reprocessing. The sensitivity of the assay was sufficient for detecting low-level contamination.Conclusions:The system provided a rapid microbiological outcome monitor for the cleaning and disinfection process. The system was easy to use and relatively accurate.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THREE SURFACE FRICTION TECHNIQUES FOR THE REMOVAL OF ORGANIC MATTER

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1061-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Alessandro Rigotti ◽  
Adriano Menis Ferreira ◽  
Mara Corrêa Lelles Nogueira ◽  
Margarete Teresa Gottardo de Almeida ◽  
Odanir Garcia Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
The One ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of three surface friction techniques for the removal of organic material. A quantitative, descriptive and exploratory study was developed to evaluate the presence or not of organic material before and after the cleaning and disinfection process of surfaces of bedside tables of patients hospitalized at an Intensive Care Unit. Three friction techniques were executed in the one-way, two-way and centrifugal sense, individually, three times on each table, during alternate weeks. For each patient unit and friction technique, a single table and three sides of cloth were used, moistened with 70% (w/v) alcohol. The organic matter was detected through the presence of adenosine triphosphate by bioluminescence, using 3M(tm) Clean-Trace(tm) ATP Systems. For each technique, 13 samples were collected before and 13 after the cleaning/disinfection process, totaling 78 samples of adenosine triphosphate by bioluminescence. No statistically significant difference was found among the removal techniques of organic matter. This study demonstrated that none of the three surface friction methods was better than the other to remove organic matter. Nevertheless, further research is needed in which other cleaning/disinfection indicators and surfaces are considered.

The relation to pregnancy, the child, motherhood of women in IVF situation

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Arina Yurevna Malenova ◽  
Irina Gennadevna Kytkova
Keyword(s):  
Family Relations ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Family Education ◽  
In Vitro Fertilisation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Family ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
High Level

Research objective - studying of features of the relation to pregnancy, the child, motherhood of women in IVF situation. Selection: 100 married pregnant women aged from 28 till 42 years (the first pregnancy of the first trimester, complications in the anamnesis isn't present) representing two groups on 50 people: 1) after artificial insemination (empirical group); 2) in a situation natural pregnancy (control group). The leading motives of pregnancy, types of the attitude towards themselves, pregnancies, to the child, people around, the prevailing installations in the sphere of the family relations, features of representation of future mothers about themselves and "the ideal parent" are defined by testing. Distinctions in all respects with women from control group are found. It is established that in vitro fertilisation the high level of readiness for motherhood according to its motivational characteristics is observed. Prevalence of constructive motives of pregnancy against concern in the health and aspirations to meet social expectations is revealed. The leading types of a gestational dominant are optimum and euphoric, the hypertrophied positive emotional background of pregnancy is observed. In the future of a bike probability the dependent relations with the child, preference of the sponsoring or authoritative style of family education. Revaluation of own parental qualities when comparing with image of ideal mother is observed. Results allow to carry women to the group of risk demanding psychological maintenance before and after the childbirth.

scholarly journals CBD-Supplemented Polishing Powder Enhances Tooth Polishing by Inhibiting Dental Plaque Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumar Vasudevan ◽  
Veronica Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Air Polishing ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: Dental health problems including dental plaque are common health problems affecting people of different age groups globally. Air-polishing is a safe tooth polishing technique used by dental professionals for stain and plaque removal and as preventive procedure for dental health. Here we report the technical improvisation of existing air-polishing technique by supplementing cannabinoid powder into the classic polishing powder for effective removal of supragingival and subgingival plaque and inhibition of plaque forming bacteria. Methods: The cannabidiol (CBD) powder was added to the tooth polishing powder (AIR-N-GO, classic) at 1% (wt/wt) ratio. The study was conducted on 12 patients, of which 6 received regular polishing treatment and 6 received CBD-supplemented polishing treatment. The dental plaque samples were collected before and after each treatment and subjected to in vitro microbiological analysis and the colony forming units (CFU) were analyzed using automated colony counter. Results: Based on in vitro microbiological analysis, the average CFU of interdental space samples collected from post-CBD-supplemented polishing treatment was significantly reduced (linear fold change between 3.9-18.4) compared to that of post-regular polishing (linear fold change between 1.0-2.6) treatment. Conclusions: CBD-supplemented polishing powder can help in effective removal and killing of dental plaque bacteria during the polishing treatment. CBD powder can be added as enhancing supplement to the existing polishing powders.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Rapid Emergence of Daptomycin Resistance in Corynebacterium: A Multi-Center Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin F. Mitchell ◽  
Erin McElvania ◽  
Meghan A. Wallace ◽  
Lauren E. Droske ◽  
Amy E. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Corynebacterium Striatum ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Repeated Subculture ◽  
Center Study

Background: Members of the genus Corynebacterium are increasingly recognized as pathobionts and can be very resistant to antimicrobial agents. Previous studies have demonstrated that Corynebacterium striatum can rapidly develop high-level daptomycin resistance (HLDR) (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] ≥256 μg/mL). Here we conducted a multi-center study to assay for this in vitro phenotype in diverse Corynebacterium species. Methods: Corynebacterium clinical isolates (n=157) from four medical centers were evaluated. MIC values to daptomycin, vancomycin, and telavancin were determined before and after overnight exposure to daptomycin to identify isolates able to rapidly develop daptomycin non-susceptibility. To investigate assay reproducibility, 18 isolates were evaluated at three study sites. In addition, stability of daptomycin non-susceptibility was tested using repeated subculture without selective pressure. The impact of different media brands was also investigated. Results: Daptomycin non-susceptibility emerged in 12 of 23 species evaluated in this study (C. afermentans, amycolatum, aurimucosum, bovis, jeikeium, macginleyi, pseudodiphtheriticum, resistens, simulans, striatum, tuberculostearicum, and ulcerans) and was detected in 50 of 157 (31.8%) isolates tested. All isolates displayed low (susceptible) MIC values to vancomycin and telavancin before and after daptomycin exposure. Repeated subculture demonstrated 2 of 9 isolates (22.2%) exhibiting HLDR reverted to a susceptible phenotype. Of 30 isolates tested on three media brands, 13 (43.3%) had differences in daptomycin MIC values between brands. Conclusions: Multiple Corynebacterium species can rapidly develop daptomycin non-susceptibility, including HLDR, after a short daptomycin exposure period.

scholarly journals 819. How effective is alcohol flush and drying cycle of automatic endoscope reprocessor (AER): Stripped Endoscope (SE) model

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S452-S452
Author(s):  
Mohamed Yassin ◽  
Heather Dixon ◽  
Michelle Nerandzic ◽  
Curtis Donskey
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Usual Practice ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
Limited Efficacy ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Borne

Abstract Background Endoscopic designs are more ergonomic and technically sophisticated than ever. Endoscope transmitted infections continues despite scrutiny and optimization of disinfection processes. Effective endoscopic dryness has been largely overlooked, even though it is paramount for prevention of water-borne pathogens accumulating after high level disinfection (HDL). Additionally, complete dryness is required to achieve sterilization. The aim of this study is to evaluate the dryness of the endoscopes after routine a routine disinfection process. Methods Three endoscopes were stripped from their outer sheaths to allow for visual inspection of the inside channels. SE were processed as per usual practice. After HLD in an automatic endoscope reprocessor (AER) that included an alcohol flush and drying cycle, SE were hung and observed for any water within the channels. SE were flushed with filtered compressed air. Dryness was monitored visually and by feeling for the impact of water spray at the distal tip of SE. Dryness of the channels before and after air flush was observed for the three SE for three trials each. Results All the SE were grossly wet after HLD despite the AER’s alcohol flush and drying cycle. Hanging vertically had no effect on the narrow diameter channels. Applying compressed air to each channel was effective for drying the channels based on visual inspection and water emission from the distal tip of the SE. The filtered compressed air had a flow rate of 20 L/minute for an average of 2 minutes to assure complete dryness. The nozzle for applying the filtered compressed air was ill-fitting to the openings of the cylinders and ports on the control handle, making it difficult to get a good seal for applying the filtered compressed air. Conclusion The AER’s drying cycle was not effective for drying endoscope channels. Vertical hanging had limited efficacy on endoscopic dryness. The application of filtered compressed air to individual channels was effective for drying the channels. This SE model was useful and direct for assessing the degree of moisture inside the channels. The application of filtered compressed air should be an essential step in endoscopic reprocessing regardless of the need for sterilization. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Combined in-vitro and on-farm evaluation of commercial disinfectants used against Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Gómez-García ◽  
Héctor Argüello ◽  
Lucía Pérez-Pérez ◽  
Clara Vega ◽  
Héctor Puente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae ◽  
Bactericidal Efficacy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection ◽  
On Farm

Abstract Background Swine dysentery (SD) is a severe infectious disease with a relevant impact on pig production usually caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, although B. hampsonii causes an identical clinical picture. SD control relies on antimicrobials, good management practices and strict biosecurity with cleaning and disinfection as crucial tools to avoid the pathogen transmission. This study evaluates the in-vitro efficacy of an array of commercial disinfectants against a collection of B. hyodysenteriae isolates using broth tests. The efficacy of cleaning and disinfection protocols was also evaluated on two farms with endemic SD using surface swabs collected in emptied pens before and after cleaning and disinfection procedures, using both real-time PCR and bacterial microbiological culture. Results Most of the commercial disinfectants evaluated were effective against all B. hyodysenteriae isolates tested, with a reduction of more than 5.00 log10 CFU/mL (bactericidal efficacy of 99.999%). However, some isolates exhibited reduced susceptibility to Virkon-S and Limoseptic disinfectants. The evaluation of cleaning and disinfection protocols on farms with SD outbreaks showed that approximately half the pens tested (n = 25) were positive by real-time PCR after pigs removal (mean B. hyodysenteriae counts 5.72 ± 1.04 log10 CFU/mL) while almost 20% of the pens remained positive after cleaning (n = 7) and disinfection (n = 5) procedures although with significantly lower, mean estimates (4.31 ± 0.43 log10 CFU/mL and 4.01 ± 0.55 log10 CFU/mL, respectively). Conclusions These results show the efficacy of disinfectants against B. hyodysenteriae but also stress the need to implement adequately the cleaning and disinfection protocols on pig farms and review and revise their efficiency periodically.

scholarly journals After In Vitro Digestion, Jackfruit Flake Affords Protection against Acrylamide-Induced Oxidative Damage

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (18) ◽  
pp. 3322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daofeng Qu ◽  
Chu Liu ◽  
Mengxue Jiang ◽  
Lifang Feng ◽  
Yuewen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
High Performance ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Content Analysis ◽  
High Level

Some studies have demonstrated that acrylamide (AA) was correlated with oxidative stress, resulting in physical damage. The jackfruit flake was an immature pulp that contained a high level of antioxidant activity. This study aimed to assess the defensive efficacy of jackfruit flake in AA-induced oxidative stress before and after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Our results indicate that the total polyphenol content of Jackfruit flake digest (Digestive products of jackfruit flake after gastrointestinal, JFG) was diminished; however, JFG had raised the relative antioxidant capacity compared to Jackfruit flake extract (JFE). Additionally, the results of High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS) implied that a proportion of compounds were degraded/converted into other unknown and/or undetected metabolites. Further, by high content analysis (HCA) techniques, JFG markedly reduced cytotoxicity and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, thereby alleviating mitochondrial disorders. In this study, it may be converted active compounds after digestion that had preferable protective effects against AA-induced oxidative damage.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) against Prostate Cancer: From In Vitro Data to Algerian Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somia Lassed ◽  
Cláudia M. Deus ◽  
Radja Djebbari ◽  
Djamila Zama ◽  
Paulo J. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Level

Green tea (GT) has been studied for its effects as antioxidant and cancer-preventive agent. Epidemiological studies showed that GT consumption decreases the risk for prostate cancer (PC). To investigate whether erythrocyte oxidative stress (OS) is associated with PC and whether daily consumption of GT improves the oxidative phenotype, we performed a study in a group of Algerian PC patients, preceded by an in vitro study to characterize composition and antioxidant/antiproliferative activities of the GT used. This contained a high content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, demonstrating in vitro antioxidant activity and significant antiproliferative effect on human prostate cancer PC-3 cell line. Seventy PC patients and 120 age-matched healthy subjects participated in the study, with glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase activity evaluated before and after GT consumption. The results showed a reduced GSH and catalase activity and a high level of MDA in erythrocytes from PC patients. The consumption of 2-3 cups per day of GT during 6 months significantly increased GSH concentration and catalase activity and decreased MDA concentration. In conclusion, GT significantly decreased OS in Algerian PC patients. Regular consumption of GT for a long period may prevent men from developing PC or at least delay its progression.

A randomised, single-blind comparison of high-level disinfectants for flexible nasendoscopes

2016 ◽  
Vol 130 (11) ◽  
pp. 983-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Hitchcock ◽  
S Moynan ◽  
C Frampton ◽  
R Reuther ◽  
P Gilling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Capital Outlay ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Clinical Encounters ◽  
Disinfection Process ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Running Cost ◽  
Blind Comparison ◽  
High Level ◽  
Single Blind

AbstractObjectives:To compare the microbiological efficacy, turnaround time, cost, convenience, and patient and user tolerance of Tristel Trio Wipes, PeraSafe solution and Cidex OPA solution for the high-level disinfection of flexible nasendoscopes.Methods:Flexible nasendoscopes were used in routine clinical encounters. They were then disinfected with one of the three disinfectant methods. Surveillance cultures were taken before and after each disinfection process. Data relating to each of the study parameters were recorded.Results:Positive bacterial cultures were discovered on nasendoscopes disinfected with PeraSafe and Cidex OPA. Tristel Trio Wipes have no capital outlay cost, the lowest running cost, the greatest convenience and the fastest turnaround time. PeraSafe had a faster turnaround time than Cidex OPA, and lower running costs.Conclusion:Tristel Trio Wipes are equal to PeraSafe and Cidex OPA in terms of microbiological efficacy. Turnaround time and cost are dramatically reduced when using Tristel Trio Wipes compared to the other disinfectant methods.

DETERMINATION OF PA INHIBITOR 1 (PA INHIBITOR ACTIVITY AND PA INHIBITOR 1 ANTIGEN) IN PLASMA BEFORE AND AFTER VENOUS OCCLUSION

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Juhan-Vague ◽  
J Valadier ◽  
M C Alessi ◽  
J Ansaldi ◽  
M F Ailluad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Venous Occlusion ◽  
Inhibitor Activity ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
In Vitro Activation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Level ◽  
Good Preparation

PA Inhibitor activity (PAIact-Verheijen’s method-U/ml) and PA Inhibitor 1 antigen (PAIlAg- Kruithof’s radioimmunoassay -ng/ml) were evaluated, on blood samples before (B) and after (A) venous occlusion (VO) (10 min) in order to analyse, in B-VO samples, the ratio (R=PAIlAg/PAIact) ' between the immunological and enzymatic material, and the change of PAIlAg levels after VO.The B-VO values (m ± SD) were determined from 111 plasmas : -86 with normal ( 12U/ml) PAIact levels = 3.7 ± 2.5 ; PAIlAg = 17.4 ± 10.1 ; R = 7.1 ± 6.2 (range 1.5 - 24 )-25 with high PAIact levels (15 post surgery, 10 obese patients)= 30.9± 19.3; PAIlAg = 75.3 ± 44.7 ; R = 2.7 ± 1.5 (range 1.3- 4.4). The correlation between the 2 dosages was r = 0.82 (p 0.01). In the 2 kinds of patients with high PAIact levels, a parallel high PAIlAg level was found. As the range of the ratio R was very large, patients were divided in 2 Groups : GrI : Normal R ( 7), n=81 (normal PAIact : n=57 ; high PAIact : n=24) and GrII : high R, n=30. The results for PAIact/PAIlAg/R were = GrI :12.6± 16.3/ 31.5±34.4/ 3.2 ± 1.5. GrII : 2.6±4.1/ 27.9 ±30.1/ 13.8±6.1. In GrII the platelet origin of inactive PAIlAg from in vitro activation of platelets could be demonstrated (high level of BTG lug/ml) in 50 % of cases. No in vitro platelet activation could be demonstrated in GrI. These results point out the necessity of a good preparation of the plasma (mainly 0-4°) for PAIlAg determination.The B and A-VO values were analysed from 60 subjects. Plasmas with in vitro activation of platelet determined by BTG levels had been discarded. No platelet activation occured with the VO. The results were not corrected with the PCV. PAIlAg B-VO/A-VO = 19.2 ± 15.1/ 26.9 ± 18.3. 36 subjects (60 % of total) had an increase in PAIlAg A-VO 20 % (mean increase = 62 %) . There was no correlation between basal values of PAIlAg and the increase after VO, and between PAIlAg increase and t-PA-Ag release. It is concluded that a weak increase of PAIlAg may occur after VO ; this increase is not parallel with t-PA release. The physiopathological significance of this increase of PAIlAg as yet to be evaluated.

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