scholarly journals Performance analysis and material selection of stainless steel expansion joints for power grid equipment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2076 (1) ◽  
pp. 012097
Author(s):  
Yanggen Zeng ◽  
Yujing Hu ◽  
Zhensheng Wang ◽  
Yi Xie ◽  
Weike Liu
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Expansion Joint ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Stainless steel expansion joint, as the connecting part of GIS equipment, has the function of compensating the deformation of GIS caused by cold and hot stress. And it should at least meet the requirements of anti-corrosion and non-magnetic according to the working environment. This work investigate the performance of 304, 316L and 825 austenitic stainless steel expansion joints by metallographic analysis, hardness test, XRD analysis and magnetic analysis, and suggestions on material selection of expansion joint for power grid equipment are put forward.

The Leaking Protection Technology of Structural Deformation Joint after Cracking

2013 ◽  
Vol 353-356 ◽  
pp. 2782-2786
Author(s):  
Yan Mei Zhang ◽  
Hong Wen Li ◽  
Ding Hong Jin
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Structural Deformation ◽  
Expansion Joint ◽  
Underground Engineering ◽  
Water Leakage ◽  
Flexible Materials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Protection Technology ◽  
Deformation Instability ◽  
Selection Of

In this paper, through dealing with the leakage protection of underground engineering,do the research in leakage protection problems of groundwater seepage caused by concrete cracks and foundation settlement in underground concrete engineering,for the structure with different crack leakage protection in different methods, is discussed in aspects of material selection, construction process.Especially for the water leakage problem of the concrete structure,the settlement of the structure caused by the settlement joint and the stretching of expansion joint caused by the air shrinkage and temperature change of concrete.Change the past with rigid material plugging, by reasonable selection of material, the comprehensive application of the rigid and flexible materials,to solve the problem of water leakage caused by structure settlement joint and expansion joint, so as to solve deformation instability problem on the structure of settlement joint and expansion joint after leakage.

Effect of static liquid Galinstan on common metals and non-metals at temperatures up to 200 °C

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 787-798
Author(s):  
Philip Geddis ◽  
Lijun Wu ◽  
Andrew McDonald ◽  
Steven Chen ◽  
Bruce Clements
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Chromium Alloys ◽  
Selection Of

Liquid metal Galinstan (GaInSn) is corrosive in nature against other solid metals as its base component is gallium. This study experimentally investigated the compatibility of GaInSn with eight common metals at temperatures up to 200 °C for 2000 h, including aluminum, copper, brass, ferritic and austenitic stainless steels (E-brite, SS304L, SS316L), and nickel-chromium alloys (Inconel and Hastelloy). This assessment aims to assist in design and material selection of a liquid metal magnetohydrodynamics system that houses Galinstan for power generation by low temperature natural heat sources or industrial waste heat. Design and fabrication of this renewable power system required assurance of material compatibility with common construction and instrumentation materials. The most severe corrosion effects of GaInSn on the metal alloys were observed on aluminum, copper, and brass, which confirms the results of previously conducted studies. No obvious corrosion on stainless steel or nickel–chromium alloys were observed by this study, which reveals that stainless steel has a good resistance to attack by GaInSn up to 200 °C. Six non-metals were also evaluated, including acronitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), acrylic, nitrile rubber (Buna N), nylon, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and Teflon, which were deemed to be compatible with GaInSn up to the temperatures tested.

Material Selection and Fabrication, Main Steam Piping for Eddystone No. 1, 1200-F and 5000-Psi Service

1960 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Caughey ◽  
W. G. Benz
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Metallurgical Investigation ◽  
Welding Electrode ◽  
Main Steam ◽  
Steam System ◽  
Wall Stainless Steel ◽  
Selection Of

The results of a metallurgical investigation which led to and supported the selection of Type-316 stainless steel (17 Cr-13 Ni-2.5 Mo) piping and a welding electrode of 16Cr-8 Ni-2 Mo composition for fabricating the main steam system of Eddystone No. 1 are presented. The investigation revealed the comparative properties of welds in several combinations of columbium and molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steels. A brief description of the major steps required to fabricate the heavy-wall stainless-steel piping is presented.

Boron Dispersion Layer of Paste Boronized 304 Stainless Steel before and after Shot Blasting Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Khadijah Alias ◽  
Bulan Abdullah ◽  
Syazuan Abdul Latip ◽  
Nik Roseley Nik Roselina ◽  
Norhisyam Jenal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Shot Blasting ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dispersion Layer

Boronizing had been extensively used in enhancing the properties of metallic material such as steel by formation of hard casing on the surface of the substrate. This study highlighted the effect of applying surface deformation process which is shot blasting on the dispersion layer of paste boronized 304 stainless steel. Boronizing treatment was conducted using two different temperatures which are 850°C and 950°C for 6 hour holding time. Shot blasting process was conducted onto the surface of the samples before boronizing process in order to allow deeper boron dispersion layer. Microstructure and boron dispersion layer measurement were then accomplished using optical microscope. XRD analysis was performed to validate the existence of Fe2B phases and Rockwell hardness test was also conducted to obtain the hardness values. The results indicated that combinations of high boronizing temperature and shot blasting process facilitate deeper dispersion layer. Deeper dispersion layer are paramount as it will enhanced the hardness and wear properties.

Repair of Bellows Expansion Joints

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Merrick ◽  
W. O’Toole ◽  
M. Malkmus
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
System Component ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Expansion Joint ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Smooth Contour ◽  
Intended Function ◽  
Metal Bellows

A metal bellows expansion joint is a highly engineered, precisely manufactured piping system component. It cannot withstand mechanical abuse and perform its intended function without repair or replacement. A 304 stainless steel two-ply metal bellows expansion joint was intentionally damaged by drilling or grinding holes and grooves through the outer ply and subsequently weld-repaired by welding patches over the defects or by filling the grooves. In addition, gouges that did not penetrate the outer ply were blended to a smooth contour. This assembly was fatigue tested to demonstrate that when inadvertent damage does occur the bellows may be repaired. There are three methods of repair which may, under closely controlled circumstances, be a justifiable alternate to replacement of the bellows. Details of this testing program are described in this paper.

Performance of Aluminide and Cr-Modified Aluminide Pack Cementation-Coated Stainless Steel 304 in Supercritical Water at 700 °C

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Tepylo ◽  
Xiao Huang ◽  
Shengli Jiang ◽  
Sami Penttilä
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Aluminide Coating ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stainless Steel 304

The choice of materials is of great concern in the construction of Gen IV supercritical water reactors (SCWR), particularly the fuel cladding, due to the harsh environment of elevated temperatures and pressures. A material's performance under simulated conditions must be evaluated to support proper material selection by designers. In this study, aluminide and Cr-modified aluminide coated 304, as well as bare stainless steel 304 as a reference material, were tested in supercritical water (SCW) at 700 °C and 25 MPa for 1000 h. The results showed that all three samples experienced weight loss. However, the aluminide coated 304 had 20 to 40 times less weight loss compared to Cr-modified aluminide coated and bare stainless steel 304 specimens, respectively. Based on scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results, spinel and hematite Fe2O3 formed on bare 304 after 1000 h in SCW while alumina was observed on both coated specimens, i.e., aluminide and Cr-modified aluminide surfaces. Oxide spallation was observed on the bare 304 and Cr-modified aluminide surface, contributing to a larger weight loss. Based on the results from this study, pure aluminide coating with Al content of 10–11 wt % demonstrated superior performance than bare 304 and Cr-modified aluminide coated 304.

Selection of Shielding Gases for Stainless Steel Welding

1994 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Richard Af Petersens ◽  
Ola Runnerstam
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Shielding Gases ◽  
Stainless Steel Welding ◽  
Selection Of

Experimental Study on Mix Ratio Design and Road Performance of Medium and Small Deformation Seamless Expansion Joints of Bridges

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812098474
Author(s):  
Pengzhen Lu ◽  
Chenhao Zhou ◽  
Simin Huang ◽  
Yang Shen ◽  
Yilong Pan
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Small Deformation ◽  
Expansion Joint ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
The Road ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
Road Performance

Expansion joints are a weak and fragile part of bridge superstructure. The damage or failure of the expansion joint will lead to the decline of bridge durability and endanger the bridge structure and traffic safety. To improve the service life and performance of bridge expansion joints, the ideal method is to use seamless expansion joints. In this study, starting from the commonly used asphalt mixture gradation of seamless expansion joint, and taking into account the actual situation of bridge expansion joint structure and environment in China, the gradation and asphalt-aggregate ratio are preliminarily designed. Through a Marshall test, the corresponding asphalt mixture is evaluated and analyzed according to the stability, flow value, and void ratio, and the optimal gradation and asphalt-aggregate ratio are determined. Finally, the asphalt mixture is prepared with the mixture ratio design, and the test results of an immersion Marshall test, fatigue performance test, and full-scale test verify that the asphalt mixture meets the road performance requirements of seamless expansion joints. On the basis of the experimental data, the performance of large sample asphalt mixture is continuously tested, compared, and optimized. The results show that the asphalt mixture ratio designed is true and reliable, which can provide reference for the optimal design of seamless expansion joint filler.

scholarly journals Oxidation Behavior of an Austenitic Steel (Fe, Cr and Ni), the 310 H, in a Deaerated Supercritical Water Static System

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Aurelia Elena Tudose ◽  
Ioana Demetrescu ◽  
Florentina Golgovici ◽  
Manuela Fulger
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Methods ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Static System ◽  
Eis Measurements ◽  
Supercritical Temperature

The aim of this work was to study the corrosion behavior of a Fe-Cr-Ni alloy (310 H stainless steel) in water at a supercritical temperature of 550 °C and a pressure of 250 atm for up to 2160 h. At supercritical temperature, water is a highly aggressive environment, and the corrosion of structural materials used in a supercritical water-cooled nuclear reactor (SCWR) is a critical problem. Selecting proper candidate materials is one key issue for the development of SCWRs. After exposure to deaerated supercritical water, the oxides formed on the 310 H SS surface were characterized using a gravimetric analysis, a metallographic analysis, and electrochemical methods. Gravimetric analysis showed that, due to oxidation, all the tested samples gained weight, and oxidation of 310H stainless steel at 550 °C follows parabolic rate, indicating that it is driven by a diffusion process. The data obtained by microscopic metallography concord with those obtained by gravimetric analysis and show that the oxides layer has a growing tendency in time. At the same time, the results obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements indicate the best corrosion resistance of Cr, and (Fe, Mn) Cr2O4 oxides developed on the samples surface after 2160 h of oxidation. Based on the results obtained, a strong correlation between gravimetric analysis, metallographic analysis, and electrochemical methods was found.

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