scholarly journals Substitution of Fly Ash as Mineral Filler in Wearing Course of Hot Mix Asphalt

2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012039
Author(s):  
Mohd Badrul Hisyam Ab Manaf ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Rafiza Abdul Razak ◽  
Muhammad Munsif Ahmad ◽  
Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Mineral Filler ◽  
Bitumen Content ◽  
Public Work Department ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Marshall Stability ◽  
Air Void

Abstract Fly Ash (FA) is one of the sustainable materials to substitute Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) was found commercialized in construction field but the usage in HMA pavement is limited. Thus, this study is important to promote FA as a sustainable filler instead of using OPC to reduce greenhouse gases. The primary aim is to investigate the Marshall Stability of HMA that incorporating of OPC and FA as filler. In addition, Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC) determination also conducted in this study. Marshall Stability test was conducted based on ASTM 2006 for both mixtures. The parameters gained from the test are the stability, flow, air void in mix (VIM), void filled bitumen (VFB) and stiffness being used to OBC. The OBC for HMA with OPC filler obtained is 5.06% meanwhile for HMA with FA is 4.79%. All Marshall Parameters was complied with of Malaysia Public Work Department (PWD) Standard for both mixtures. The HMA with FA filler give better results for all parameters. Based on OBC percentage, usage of asphalt binder was reduced at 0.29%. Thus, it was more economical if using FA compared with OPC as a filler. Furthermore, HMA with FA filler have better stability and strength as well as lesser deformation with HMA with OPC filler. For the overall, FA have huge potential in substituting other mineral filler to produce better quality of asphalt pavement.

Performance Characterization of Stone Mastic Asphalt using Steel Fiber

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekarizan Shaffie ◽  
◽  
H.A. Rashid ◽  
Fiona Shiong ◽  
Ahmad Kamil Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Bitumen Content ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Marshall Stability

Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) is a gap-graded hot mixture designed to provide higher resistance towards permanent deformation and rutting potential by 30% to 40% more than dense-graded asphalt, due to its stable aggregate skeleton structure. However, compared to other types of hot mix asphalt, SMA unfortunately has some shortcomings in term of its susceptibility towards moisture-induced damage due to its structure and excessive bitumen content in the composition. This research aims to assess the performance of a SMA mixture with steel fiber by enhancing overall stability, abrasion resistance, and, most importantly, moisture susceptibility. This study involved the incorporation of various steel fiber proportions of 0%, 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7% by the total weight of mixture. The steel fiber modified SMA was made up of 6.0% PEN 60/70 bitumen content. The performance of SMA were evaluated through Marshall stability and flow test, Cantabro loss test and indirect tensile strength test. The results obtained from the testing showed that the incorporation of steel fiber is significantly effective to enhance the resistance towards moisture damage, while increasing the stability and reducing the abrasion loss of SMA mixture, compared to conventional mixture. Overall, it can be concluded that the addition of steel fiber in asphalt mixture specifically SMA, has improved the mechanical performance in the application of asphalt pavement with the optimum steel fiber proportion of 0.3% by the weight of mixture. The developed models between the independent variables and responses demonstrated high levels of correlation. The study found that Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is an effective statistical method for providing an appropriate empirical model for relating parameters and predicting the optimum performance of an asphaltic mixture to reduce flexible pavement failure.

Effect of comparative efforts on sand–asphalt–sulphur mixes

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 916-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayajit Mazumdar ◽  
S. K. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
Definite Effect ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
Compactive Effort ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Air Void

The investigation studies the effect that varying the compactive effort has on the Marshall test properties of sand–asphalt–sulphur mixes (S–A–S mixes). An S–A–S mix containing a poorly graded river sand has been chosen for study, the proportions of sand, asphalt, and sulphur being 85:5:10 by weight.Another aspect of this study is to examine the effect of fly ash fines, an industrial waste, on S–A–S mixes. The resulting mix is named S–A–FA–S (sand – asphalt – fly ash – sulphur) and has a percentage composition of 80:5:5:10 by weight.It has been observed that the compactive effort has a definite effect on the Marshall test properties of S–A–S and S–A–FA–S mixes. In both cases, the stability rises initially and then falls with increasing compaction. S–A–FA–S mixes give higher stabilities and lesser air void values than S–A–S mixes at a particular level of compaction. It is concluded that 10 blows of compaction is optimum for S–A–S as well as S–A–FA–S mixes, as the beneficial effect after 10 blows is only marginal.

scholarly journals Modification of Bituminous Mixture using Polyethylene Granules

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3S3) ◽  
pp. 368-372
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Pavement Performance ◽  
Bituminous Mixture ◽  
Traffic Loading ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Bitumen Content ◽  
Marshall Stability

Pavement performance is generally influenced by traffic, moisture, and quality of construction and maintenance. Deterioration on road surface can develop due to one or combination of these factors. In order to improve pavement performance, the modification of bituminous mixture for road surface can be achieved by adding additives or modifiers in the mix. This study presents the utilization of two types of polyethylene (PE): high density polyethylene (HDPE) and low density polyethylene (LDPE), a plastic waste products as an additive to enhance the properties of bituminous mixture. PE has been extensively used in industrial and domestic applications due to its low-cost, lightweight and durable properties. Wearing course samples of control and modified mixes were prepared using Marshall mix design method and according to Standard Specification for Road Works as guidelines. Three types of HDPE/LDPE blends with ratios of 75/25, 50/50 and 25/75 have been prepared and tested. It was found that polyethylene modified bituminous mixes show significant increment in Marshall stability and lower optimum bitumen content (OBC) in comparison to unmodified mix, where equal blend of HDPE/LDPE (50/50) shows a better Marshall properties. This shows that an addition of polyethylene in bituminous mix can withstand higher traffic loading with lower bitumen content.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Types of Fly Ash on Properties of Asphalt Mixtures

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Mirković ◽  
Nikola Tošić ◽  
Goran Mladenović
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Mineral Filler ◽  
Water Sensitivity ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Different Sources

In order to preserve natural resources, the use of waste and alternative materials in the construction and maintenance of roads is increasingly investigated. This paper presents the results of testing wearing course asphalt mixtures (AC 11s SURF 50/70) made with various percentages of fly ash, used as a partial or complete substitute for mineral filler. The properties of fly ash were determined to assess their suitability for use in asphalt mixtures. The experimental research was performed on asphalt samples containing fly ash from three different sources, with 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of mineral filler substitution. The control mixture was prepared with 100% of mineral filler. The paper presents the volumetric composition, stability, and flow of asphalt mixtures tested on standard Marshall’s samples, water sensitivity, and resistance to permanent deformation. The results of this study indicate that a satisfactory volumetric composition can be achieved by adding fly ash, while the bulk density and voids of the mineral and asphalt mixture generally depend on the type of fly ash and its content. The stability and flow of mixtures with fly ash are favourable compared with the control mixture. The water sensitivity of mixtures with fly ash is generally lower compared with the control mixture and depends on the type and percentage of fly ash. The resistance to permanent deformation of the asphalt mixtures depends on the fly ash type and percentage. The results obtained in this study are an important step towards broader implementation of fly ash in asphalt mixtures.

scholarly journals Appraisal of Asphalt Concrete with Coal Bottom Ash as Mineral Filler

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashiru Mohammed ◽  
Ibrahim Aliyu ◽  
Tasiu A. Sulaiman ◽  
Hussaini A. Umar ◽  
Yasir Jubril
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Flexible Pavement ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Mineral Filler ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Bitumen Content ◽  
Marshall Stability ◽  
Strength And Durability

This study was conducted to access the performance of asphalt concrete produced with coal bottom ash as partial replacement of cement in the mineral filler. The Marshal Mix design method of hot mix asphalt (HMA) samples preparation and testing was adopted. Fifteen (15) samples of HMA compacted and used for volumetric and stability testing at a varying percentage of bitumen contents (5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0%,) following the Asphalt Institute and Nigeria General Specification for Road and Bridges (NGSRB) approach for determining optimum bitumen content (OBC). An Optimum bitumen content of 5.5 % was obtained and used throughout the study. Another set of 15 samples of the HMA were prepared and compacted at varying percentage replacement of cement with CBA in the order of 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35% by volume of cement to determine the optimum dosage of the coal bottom ash that will satisfy the requirements for the strength and durability of wearing course of flexible pavement. The Marshall Stability, flow, and the volumetric properties test results obtained indicated that the samples prepared with 25% CBA as filler with OBC of 5.5% satisfied the requirements of the NGSRB for wearing course of flexible pavement. Hence, the addition of up to 25% CBA by volume of cement in asphalt concrete can reduce the consumption of cement and provide a proper means of CBA disposal.Keywords- Coal Bottom Ash (CBA), Marshal Stability, Marshal Flow, Mineral filler, Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC)

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK CAMPURAN ASPAL BETON AC-WC DENGAN SUBSTITUSI BUTON ROCK ASPHALT TERHADAP RENDAMAN AIR BERLUMPUR

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Asrol Asrol ◽  
Sofyan M. Saleh ◽  
Muhammad Isya
Keyword(s):  
Water Immersion ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Muddy Water ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
Bitumen Content ◽  
Substitute Material ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Test Result

Puddle is one of the damaging effects that can reduce the quality of pavement. The quality of road construction with asphalt pavement is determined by its stability, flexibility, and durability which are the determinants of the quality of pavement. In this research, Buton Rock Asphalt (BRA) was used as an alternative to improve the performance of asphalt mixture that can be impacted by the mentioned determinants. BRA is Asphalt Buton type 5/20 grain Asbuton type which has penetration value 5 mm and bitumen content of 20%. The aim of this research was to measure the best percentage of BRA level from percentage of BRA substitution (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) as filler and Marshall mix parameter value of Pen 60/70 asphalt with the best BRA Substitution on immersion water with variation of immersion time 30 minutes, 24 hours. Based on Marshall test result with BRA substitution, percentage variation obtained the best stability at 50%, BRA percentage was 1450,78 kg, density 2,45 gr / cm3, VIM equal to 4,17%, VMA equal to 21,76%, VFA equal to 80, 86% and 2.5 mm of flow, and Marshall Quentient of 583.40 kg / mm. This suggested that the use of BRA as a filler substitute material at 50% percentage was the best percentage of BRA substitution with the highest stability value and it met the requirements of other Marshall parameters. The best stability value without substitution with a muddy water bath was 1098.95 kg, with the best BRA substitution of 1476.34 kg. This indicated that the use of BRA as a filler substitute material had an effect on increasing the stability value of AC-WC asphalt mixture to muddy water immersion.

Criteria for evaluation of the coordinate measurements quality of parts geometric parameters at pilot-experimental production

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
N.Yu. Bobrovskaya ◽  
M.F. Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Technical Specification ◽  
Experimental Production ◽  
Technological Heredity ◽  
Coordinate Measurements ◽  
Reasonable Choice ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Geometric Elements

The criteria of the coordinate measurements quality at pilot-experimental production based on contemporary methods of quality management system and traditional methods of the measurements quality in Metrology are considered. As an additional criterion for quality of measurements, their duration is proposed. Analyzing the problem of assessing the quality of measurements, the authors pay particular attention to the role of technological heredity in the analysis of the sources of uncertainty of coordinate measurements, including not only the process of manufacturing the part, but all stages of the development of design and technological documentation. Along with such criteria as the degree of confidence in the results of measurements; the accuracy, convergence, reproducibility and speed of the results must take into account the correctness of technical specification, and such characteristics of the shape of the geometric elements to be controlled, such as flatness, roundness, cylindrical. It is noted that one of the main methods to reduce the uncertainty of coordinate measurements is to reduce the uncertainty in the initial data and measurement conditions, as well as to increase the stability of the tasks due to the reasonable choice of the basic geometric elements (measuring bases) of the part. A prerequisite for obtaining reliable quality indicators is a quantitative assessment of the conditions and organization of the measurement process. To plan and normalize the time of measurements, the authors propose to use analytical formulas, on the basis of which it is possible to perform quantitative analysis and optimization of quality indicators, including the speed of measurements.

Statistical Management of Food Production Processes

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
N.A. Jurk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Control Chart ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Shewhart Control ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
Mnemonic Technique ◽  
The Stability

The article presents scientific research in the field of statistical controllability of the food production process using the example of bakery products for a certain time interval using statistical methods of quality management. During quality control of finished products, defects in bakery products were identified, while the initial data were recorded in the developed form of a checklist for registering defects. It has been established that the most common defect is packaging leakage. For the subsequent statistical assessment of the stability of the production process and further analysis of the causes of the identified defect, a Shewhart control chart (p-card by an alternative feature) was used, which allows you to control the quality of manufactured products by the number of defects detected. Analyzing the control chart, it was concluded that studied process is conditionally stable, and the emerging defects are random. At the last stage of the research, the Ishikawa causal diagram was used, developed using the 6M mnemonic technique, in order to identify the most significant causes that affect the occurrence of the considered defect in bakery products. A more detailed study will allow the enterprise to produce food products that meet the established requirements.

scholarly journals Material Properties and Environmental Benefits of Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixes Including Local Crumb Rubber Obtained from Scrap Tires

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Lim Min Khiong ◽  
Md. Safiuddin ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Mannan ◽  
Resdiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Scrap Tires ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Marshall Stability

This paper presents the results of a laboratory-based experimental investigation on the properties of asphalt binder and hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixes modified by locally available crumb rubber, which was used as a partial replacement of asphalt by weight. In this study, fine crumb rubber with a particle size in the range of 0.3–0.6 mm, obtained from scrap tires, was added to the asphalt binder through the wet process. Crumb rubber contents of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 19% by weight of asphalt were added to the virgin binder in order to prepare the modified asphalt binder samples, while the unmodified asphalt binder was used as the control sample. The crumb rubber modified binder samples were examined for measuring viscosity indirectly using the penetration test, and temperature resistance using the softening point test. Later, both the modified and unmodified asphalt binders were used to produce HMA mixes. Two categories of HMA mix commonly used in Malaysia—namely, AC 14 (dense-graded) and SMA 14 (gap-graded)—were produced using the modified asphalt binders containing 5%, 10%, 15%, and 19% crumb rubber. Two AC 14 and SMA 14 control mixes were also produced, incorporating the unmodified asphalt binder (0% crumb rubber). All of the AC 14 and SMA 14 asphalt mixes were examined in order to determine their volumetric properties, such as bulk density, voids in total mix (VTM), voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), and voids filled with asphalt (VFA). In addition, the Marshall stability, Marshall flow, and stiffness of all of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes were determined. Test results indicated that the modified asphalt binders possessed higher viscosity and temperature resistance than the unmodified asphalt binder. The viscosity and temperature resistance of the asphalt binders increased with the increase in their crumb rubber content. The increased crumb rubber content also led to improvements in the volumetric properties (bulk density, VTM, VMA, and VFA) of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes. In addition, the performance characteristics of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes—such as Marshall stability, Marshall flow, and stiffness—increased with the increase in crumb rubber content. However, the AC 14 mixes performed much better than the SMA 14 mixes. The overall research findings suggest that crumb rubber can be used to produce durable and sustainable HMA mixes, with manifold environmental benefits, for use in flexible pavements carrying the heavy traffic load of highways.

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