scholarly journals The treatment of Raw Water Sources of Drinking Water using Chitosan/Mg/Al–LDH Composites: Problem cases in Municipal Waterworks in Banjarmasin

Author(s):  
C Irawan ◽  
M W Ramadhan ◽  
I F Nata ◽  
M D Putra
2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 03012
Author(s):  
Solikhul Abdi ◽  
Sudarno

Pucang Gading Housing Complex is an area within the Village Batursari, District of Demak with a population of 2018 as many as 44,257 inhabitants. Raw water service system Mranggen Unit is divided into 5 areas of service (service area Mranggen, Batursari I, Batursari II, Batursari III and Kebon) which utilize raw water source of water treatment plant (IPA Waru) and 8 Wells In a total discharge of 120 liter/second. The number of home connections in Pucang Gading area is currently 3,374 house connections, with a total water usage 14.25 liter/second Water discharges from clean water sources in Pucang Gading region are currently not maximally available to supply water to Pucang Gading service area. In this research will know the problems and readiness that exist by looking from the achievement of Medium Term Development Plan of Demak Regency Year 2016-2021. This research uses SWOT analysis method that is internal and external factors. The selection of raw water sources for drinking water should pay attention to aspects of quality, quantity and continuity. Demak Regency has the potential of surface water either river/ reservoir/dam. The problems and challenges of drinking water supply include issues of safe access to water supply, and regulation of groundwater utilization for the community.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
Munawar Noor ◽  
Christine Diah ◽  
Pratiwi Tedjo

This research was initiated from the Pamsimas program targets have not yet been achieved. The causes were limited water sources and raw water supply, sanitation and hygiene behavior, public awareness of the importance of healthy living behavior was low. This study was to describe and analyze the implementation of the Pamsimas program and the supporting/inhibiting factors of the Program. This study used a qualitative approach by selecting key-informants based on a purposive sample technique. The results showed that the the implementation of the Pamsimas Program in Blora Sub-district was not optimal in terms of the variables as a prerequisite for program implementation. These prerequisites tend to be rigid, making it difficult for program implementers in the field to make decisions that are not included in the standard operational procedures (SOP). On the other hand, the individual and community behavior and participatory to the program in supporting the provision of clean water to be positiveBesides that the factors of limited water sources and raw water supply, unsafe sanitation and drinking water remained unsolved. Recommendations of the conclusions of the study are the delegation of authority related to the bureaucratic structure, especially the standard operating procedures (SOP) and the absence / scarcity of raw water sources for clean watethat needs attention to program managers in the field. 


2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lahti ◽  
J. Rapala ◽  
A-L. Kivimäki ◽  
J. Kukkonen ◽  
M. Niemelä ◽  
...  

Problems caused by cyanobacteria are common around the world and also in raw water sources of drinking water treatment plants. Strains belonging to genera Microcystis, Anabaena and Planktothrix produce potent hepatotoxins, the microcystins. Laboratory and pilot scale studies have shown that microcystins dissolved in water may pass the conventional surface water treatment processes. In 1998 the World Health Organization proposed a guide value of 1 μg/L for microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in drinking water. The purpose of this research was to study the occurrence of microcystins in raw water sources of surface waterworks and in bank filtration plants and to evaluate the removal of microcystins in operating waterworks. Four bank filtration plants and nine surface waterworks using different processes for water treatment were monitored. Phytoplankton was identified and quantified, and microcystins analysed with sensitive immunoassay. Microcystin occurrence in selected water samples was verified with HPLC and a protein phosphatase inhibition method. Microcystins were detected sporadically in raw water sources of most of the waterworks. In two raw water supplies toxins were detected for several months. The highest microcystin concentrations in incoming raw water were approximately 10 μg/L MC-LR equivalents. In treated drinking water microcystins were detected occasionally but the concentrations were always below the guide value proposed by WHO.


2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Tereza Pepe Razzolini ◽  
Thaís Filomena da Silva Santos ◽  
Veridiana Karmann Bastos

The protozoan parasites Giardia and Cryptosporidium have been described as important waterborne disease pathogens, and are associated with severe gastrointestinal illnesses. The objective of this paper was to investigate the presence of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in samples from watershed catchments and treated water sources. A total of 25 water samples were collected and examined according to the US EPA—Method 1623, 2005, consisting of 12 from drinking water and 13 from raw water. Positive samples from raw water for Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts were 46.1 and 7.6%, respectively. In finished water, positive samples were 41.7% for Giardia cysts and 25.0% for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Concentrations of Giardia cysts found in raw water samples ranged from “not detected” to 3.4 cysts/L, whereas concentrations of Cryptoporidium oocysts ranged from “not detected” to 0.1 oocysts/L. In finished water, Giardia concentrations ranged from “not detected” to 0.06 cysts/L, and Cryptosporidium, from “not detected” to 0.01 oocysts/L. Concentrations of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts were not high in the samples analyzed. Nevertheless, the results of this study highlight the need to monitor these organisms in both raw and drinking water.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (10 (113)) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Mastiadi Tamjidillah ◽  
Muhammad Nizar Ramadhan ◽  
Muhammad Farouk Setiawan ◽  
Jerry Iberahim

The quality characteristics of raw water sources in the regional integrated drinking water supply system (SPAM) of Banjarbakula were investigated and found to maintain the supply of drinking water quantity and quality in accordance with drinking water standards. The optimum model for the mixing process of raw water and poly aluminum chloride (PAC) and pump stroke for the input of water sources from rivers to obtain a composition setting that is in accordance with the raw water sources of each region in the region was selected and determined. So the optimum parameter setting model between alum water, raw water and pump stroke for each raw water source is known and is regionally integrated as a result of a comprehensive study. The integration of Taguchi parameter design and response surface can complement each other and become two methods that go hand in hand in the process of optimizing clean water products. Parameter design provides a very practical optimization step, the basis for this formation refers to the factorial fractional experimental design. However, the absence of statistical assumptions that follow the stages of analysis makes this method widely chosen by researchers and practitioners. With the experimental design of the raw water mixing process, turbidity such as 5 lt/sec, 10 lt/sec, 15 lt/sec, 20 lt/sec and 25 lt/sec and % PAC concentration 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm and 25 ppm with a pump installation stroke of 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 % and 25 % were used. In the process of adding PAC, always pay attention and observe the behavior of the attractive force of the floating particles (flock). The particles were then subjected to SEM (scanning electron microscopy) to determine the dimensions of the flock grains deposited


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
Dinda Sekar Pramesti ◽  
Septa Indra Puspikawati

Bottled drinking water (AMDK) is raw water that is processed, packaged and safe to drink (meets physical, chemical and bacteriological requirements) including mineral water and demineralized water. The physical requirements for drinking water quality include color, taste, turbidity and odor. The purpose of this study is to determine the turbidity of bottled drinking water circulating in Banyuwangi with the measurement method using a Turbidimeter. This is observtional research was conducted in April 2019 with 13 samples. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The average result of measurement of water turbidity level is 0.31 NTU, meaning that it meets the SNI 01-3553-2006 standard on Bottled Drinking Water so that it is safe to consume if viewed from turbidity parameters. Bottled Drinking Water is said to be feasible and safe to consume if it meets the requirements specified in SNI 01-3553-2006 concerning Bottled Drinking Water, which does not exceed the maximum threshold value that has been determined. Turbidity or turbidity of bottled drinking water (AMDK) originating from mountain springs raw water sources has a lower value compared to turbidity AMDK with groundwater raw water sources.


2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Servos ◽  
Martha Smith ◽  
Rodney McInnis ◽  
B. Kent Burnison ◽  
Bill-H. Lee ◽  
...  

Abstract The presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment is a rapidly emerging international issue. A variety of drugs have been found in sewage effluents and surface waters in Europe, the United States, and Canada. This study examines the presence of selected pharmaceuticals (8 acidic drugs) and the antimicrobial substance, triclosan, in raw water and finished water of drinking water plants across southern Ontario. Twenty drinking water treatment plants that represented a variety of water sources and treatment process parameters were sampled. None of the raw or finished water samples taken from wells showed detectable levels of any of the acidic drugs or triclosan. River water samples downstream of sewage effluent outfalls showed the highest levels of contamination of the source water. Levels of naproxen and ibuprofen were elevated to levels as high as 176 and 150 ng/L, respectively, in raw water entering the treatment plants from a river source. Low levels of gemfibrozil (19.2 ng/L), diclofenac (15 ng/L), indomethacin (6 ng/L), and the antimicrobial triclosan (34 ng/L) could be also detected in raw water from river sources. Raw water taken from large lakes also had very low but detectable levels of several acidic drugs, suggesting that these chemicals are widespread in the environment. Although treatment systems are not designed to remove these specific types of substances, most of the acidic drugs were not detectable in finished waters. Naproxen and triclosan were detectable in finished water but were significantly reduced in concentration relative to the raw water. The concentration of ibuprofen was detectable in the finished water of almost all treatment plants that used surface water as a source. This work demonstrates the potential of Ontario source waters, particularly river water sources, to contain trace levels of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products. There is a need to complete a more comprehensive assessment of these compounds in source waters and of the factors influencing their treatment and removal from finished drinking water.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
BELINDA PRAGA ◽  
RACHMAWATI S DJ

AbstrakPDAM Kota Payakumbuh diharapkan dapat mengalirkan air minum yang aman bagi masyarakat. Hal tersebut mengacu pada target RPJMN 2015-2019; dimana pada tahun 2019 harus tercapai 100% akses air minum yang aman dilihat dari aspek 4K. Diperlukan suatu upaya untuk dapat mengamankan air minum, mulai dari sumber air baku hingga pelanggan. Program Kementerian PUPR, yakni RPAM dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengamankan air minum dari sumber hingga pelanggan melalui pendekatan analisis dan manajemen risiko. Evaluasi RPAM dilakukan untuk mengetahui capaian pemenuhan aspek 4K; sehingga dapat diketahui apakah upaya tindakan pengendalian yang dilakukan telah berjalan efektif atau belum; dengan begitu selanjutnya dapat dilakukan rekomendasi terkait upaya yang dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan capaian pemenuhan aspek 4K. Capaian pemenuhan aspek 4K tahun 2013- 2016 belum terpenuhi. Hal tersebut dikarenakan masih terdapat tindakan pengendalian yang belum berjalan  efektif dalam menangani kejadian bahaya dan risiko yang terjadi.Kata kunci: RPAM, PDAM Kota Payakumbuh, Aspek 4KAbstractPDAM Payakumbuh expected to deliver safe drinking water for the community. This refers to the target RPJMN 2015-2019; where in 2019 must reach 100% access to safe drinking water viewed from 4K aspect. Therefore, an effort is needed to secure drinking water, from raw water sources to customers. Government programs issued through the PUPR Ministry, namely RPAM can be a solution to secure drinking water from source to customer through a risk analysis and management approach. Evaluation of RPAM implementation is done to know the achievement of 4K aspect; so it can be seen whether the efforts of the control measures carried out have been effective or not; with subsequent recommendations can be made related to what efforts can be applied to improve the achievement of 4K aspects. The achievement of 4K aspect in 2013-2015 has not been fulfilled. This is because there are still control measures that have not been effective in dealing with hazard events and risks that occur. Keywords: RPAM, PDAM Payakumbuh, Aspects 4K


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 907-915
Author(s):  
Iis Rosyiah ◽  
Lilis Banowati

Air merupakan kebutuhan vital bagi manusia, pengadaan air minum harus memenuhi persyaratan yang sudah ditetapkan oleh pemerintah. Air minum aman bagi kesehatan apabila memenuhi persyaratan secara fisika, bakteriologis, kimia, dan radioaktif. Air merupakan media penyebar berbagai macam penyakit. Depot air minum merupakan salah satu pengolah air minum dimaksudkan untuk memperbaiki kualitas air sehingga aman dan tidak membahayakan bagi kesehatan masyarakat yang menggunakannya, saat ini yang murah dan mudah diperoleh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara lokasi kegiatan depot air minum, bangunan depot air minum, sumber air baku depot air minum, alat produksi depot air minum terhadap kualitas air minum secara bakteriologis di Kabupaten Majalengka tahun 2017. Jenis  penelitian  ini  adalah  survey dengan  pendekatan  cross sectional. Subyek penelitian ini adalah seluruh Depot air minum di willayah Kabupaten Majalengka. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 60 depot air minum yang diambil secara proportional random sampling. Data diperoleh dengan wawancara dan observasi menggunakan ceklis pemeriksaan depot air minum dan dianalisis secara statistik  menggunakan Uji Chi square pada tingkat kemaknaan 5% (0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lokasi kegiatan depot air minum 56,7% memenuhi syarat, bangunan depot air minum 90 % memenuhi syarat, sumber air baku pada umumnya menggunakan PDAM dan alat produksi depot air minum memenuhi syarat 33%. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan bahwa lokasi kegiatan (p = 0,019) dan alat produksi (p = 0,000) mempunyai hubungan yang bermakna dengan kualitas air secara bakteriologis pada depot air minum di Kabupaten Majalengka tahun 2017.Kata Kunci : Lokasi kegiatan, Bangunan, Sumber Air Baku, Alat Produksi, dan Kualitas Air Minum Secara Bakteriologis  ABSTRACTWater is vital for human needs, provision of drinking water must meet the requirements that are already set by the Government. Safe drinking water for health if it meets the requirements in physics, chemistry, and be bacteriologically radioactive. Water is the medium range of spreaders of the disease. Depot is one of the drinking water processing is intended to improve the quality of the water so it is safe and does not harm to the health of the community that use it, the moment is cheap and easy to obtain. The purpose of this research is to know the relation between the location of the activity depot, depot building drinking water, raw water sources drinking water depot, depot drinking water production tools to the quality of drinking water in be bacteriologically in Kabupaten Majalengka in 2017. Type of this research is a survey with cross sectional approach. The subject of this research is the entire drinking water Depot in Kabupaten Majalengka Area. The number of samples as many as 60 depot drinking water taken in proportional random sampling. The data obtained by interviewing and observations using the depot drinking water inspection checklist and statistically analyzed using Chi square Test on the level of significance of 5% (0.05). The results showed that the location of the depot drinking water activities 56.7% qualified, building depot drinking water 90% qualified, raw water sources in General using TAPS and tool production of qualified drinking water depot 33%. The results of statistical tests is obtained that the location of activity (p = 0.019) and production (p = 0.000) have a meaningful relationship with water quality in drinking water be bacteriologically at depot in Kabupaten Majalengka in 2017.Keywords : location, activities, buildings, Raw water source, means of production, and the quality of drinking water In be bacteriologically


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Šárka KROČOVÁ

Drinking water cannot be produced from every raw surface or groundwater in the European Union countries. The source must meetthe set criteria for the raw water quaility. At present time, drinking water sources meet these requirements. However in the climatechange period, accompanied in particular by long-term loss of water volumes, the set limit values for individual categories of raw watermay be frequently exceeded. Human society must be prepared for this threat and take legislative and technical-operational steps in atimely manner to eliminate the risk. This paper deals with the issue in the basic scope and declares what producers and steps can beused in practice to increase the resilience of water resources to the expected change in the water quality


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