Concept of Emergency Health Infrastructure Provision in Minimizing the Impact of Earthquakes

The privatisation of economic infrastructure in Australia that began in the 1980s has continued to be actively pursued by state and federal governments. Evaluations of the effects of the change of policy, ownership, control and regulatory arrangements that have accompanied privatisation and their impact on the longer-term stock of infrastructure and the growth of the economy have received less attention than the immediate privatisation decisions. This article reviews some of the studies that have been carried out to evaluate the impact of privatisation, focusing on long-term impacts on infrastructure provision. In particular, it discusses the myopia created by the emphasis on commercial transactions and managing markets that continues to shape the debate about the provision of infrastructure to meet Australia's economic, environmental and other objectives. Objectives have become even more difficult to achieve as an increasingly extensive and complex regulatory framework is required to manage privatised activities. This adds to costs and limits the potential for the introduction of new initiatives to address pressing problems. The issue is increasingly relevant, given the current perceived shortage of infrastructure and the flow-on effects of the current international financial crisis on Australia. The slow-down in economic growth accompanying the financial crisis is putting pressure on government budgets and threatening to perpetuate the existing policy bias towards short-term solutions, exacerbating the longer run problem of ensuring an adequate supply of public economic infrastructure.

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‘No lockdown’ policy for COVID-19 epidemic in Bangladesh : Good, bad or ugly?

10.1101/2020.10.21.20216812 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zakaria Shams Siam ◽

M. Arifuzzaman ◽

Md. Harunur Rashid ◽

Md. Shariful Islam

Keyword(s):

Poor Health ◽

Financial Resources ◽

List Type ◽

Health Infrastructure ◽

Long Run ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

AbstractBangladesh has been combating the COVID-19 pandemic with limited financial resources and poor health infrastructure since March, 2020. Although the government has imposed several restricted measures to curb the progression of the outbreak, these arrays of measures are not sustainable in the long run. In this study, we assess the impact of lift of flexible lockdown on the COVID-19 dynamics in Bangladesh. Our analysis demonstrates that the country might experience second infection peak in 6-7 months after the withdrawal of current lockdown. Moreover, a prolonged restrictions until January, 2021 will shift the infection peak towards August, 2021 and will reduce approximately 20 % COVID-19 cases in Bangladesh.What we knowBangladesh has been going through COVID-19 crisis and in response, the Government has implemented restricted array of measures to curb the COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh.What this article addsThe impact of ‘no lockdown’ policies on COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.Appearance of second infection peak in 6-7 months after the withdrawal of current lockdown.

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PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI REGIONAL DI INDONESIA: PERAN INFRASTRUKTUR, MODAL MANUSIA DAN KETERBUKAAN PERDAGANGAN

Buletin Studi Ekonomi ◽

10.24843/bse.2020.v25.i01.p05 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 80

Author(s):

Andi Kustanto

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Trade Openness ◽

Regional Economic Growth ◽

Regional Economic ◽

Road Infrastructure ◽

Health Infrastructure ◽

The Impact ◽

Electricity Infrastructure ◽

Years Of Schooling

This study discusses the analysis of the impact of infrastructure development,human capital and trade openness on regional economic growth in Indonesia using the paneldata method. The model was built based on the Solow growth model using road infrastructure,electricity infrastructure, health infrastructure, life expectancy, mean years of schooling and tradeopenness in 34 provinces in Indonesia. Estimation results obtained from this study using the fixedeffects model indicate that regional economic growth in Indonesia is influenced by electricityinfrastructure, health infrastructure, mean years of schooling, life expectancy, and trade openness.Whereas road infrastructure has a negative and not significant effect on regional economic growthin Indonesia. Life expectancy has the biggest impact on regional economic growth followed bymean years of schooling, health infrastructure, electricity infrastructure, and trade openness.

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The COVID-19 epidemic in rural U.S. counties

10.31235/osf.io/pnqrd ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Philip N. Cohen

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Hispanic American ◽

Rural County ◽

Institutional Settings ◽

Health Infrastructure ◽

Rural Counties ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Black Populations ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Having first reached epidemic proportions in coastal metropolitan areas, COVID-19 has spread around the country. Reported case rates vary across counties from zero to 126 per thousand population (around a state prison in the rural county of Trousdale, Tennessee). Overall, rural counties are underrepresented relative to their share of the population, but a growing proportion of all daily cases and deaths have been reported in rural counties. This analysis uses daily reports for all counties to present the trends and distribution of COVID-19 cases and deaths in rural counties, from late March to May 21, 2020. I describe the relationship between population density and case rates in rural and non-rural counties. Then I focus on noteworthy outbreaks linked to prisons, meat and poultry plants, and nursing homes, many of which are linked to high concentrations of Hispanic, American Indian, and Black populations. The growing epidemic in rural counties is apparently driven by outbreaks concentrated in these institutional settings, which are conducive to transmission. The impact of the epidemic in rural areas may be heightened due to their weaker health infrastructure and more vulnerable populations, especially due to age, socioeconomic status, and health conditions. As a result, the epidemic may contribute to the ongoing decline of health, economic, and social conditions in rural areas.

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EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF INFRASTRUCTURE ON SPATIAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE REGION

Ecology Economy Informatics System analysis and mathematical modeling of ecological and economic systems ◽

10.23885/2500-395x-2021-1-6-291-285-290 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (6) ◽

pp. 285-290

Author(s):

O.Yu. Patrakeeva ◽

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Population Density ◽

Life Quality ◽

Population Level ◽

Spatial Error ◽

Rostov Region ◽

Infrastructure Provision ◽

Socio Economic Development ◽

The Impact ◽

Further Development

The paper raises the question: is there a connection between infrastructure security, population density, the level of economic activity expressed in terms of the volume of output, production and services in the context of municipalities of the Rostov region. The models of the spatial lag SAR and the spatial error SEM were tested. For both regressants – population density and volume of output – SAR turned out to be the best model for all types of distance matrices under consideration. The results showed that currently there is an imbalance in the development of Rostov’s municipalities. The Rostov agglomeration “pulls” the population from the outskirts of the region, which leads to an unbalanced development of territories. The low level of infrastructure provision in the Eastern and South-Eastern municipalities of the region is a deterrent to the development of territories and slows down the pace of their socio-economic development. In order to reduce the differentiation of the regional space in terms of population, level of life quality in municipalities, furthermore it is crucial to carry out comprehensive work on the creation and further development of infrastructure facilities that meet modern requirements.

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ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE REGIONAL TOURIST SERVICES MARKET

Scientific Bulletin of Mukachevo State University Series “Economics” ◽

10.31339/2313-8114-2020-1(13)-159-168 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1(13) ◽

pp. 159-168

Author(s):

Oleh Lendiel ◽

Keyword(s):

Health And Safety ◽

Tourism Development ◽

The State ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Economic Research ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

Regional Market ◽

Infrastructure Provision ◽

Tourism Services ◽

The Impact

The study of the impact of infrastructure on the development of the regional market of tourist services is an urgent issue of modern economic research, since the efficiency of tourism development, the level of use of the natural, cultural and historical potential of the region is largely determined by the capabilities of the existing tourist infrastructure. The purpose of the article is to assess the existing infrastructure of the market for tourism services in the Transcarpathian region, identify problems in the infrastructure provision of tourism and determine the degree of the impact of infrastructure on the development of tourism in the region. The article examines the essence, factors of influence of the infrastructure of the regional market of tourist services on its development. The study and assessment of the state of development of tourism infrastructure has been carried out based on summarizing statistical data and calculating individual indicators that take into account the level of development of infrastructure elements: accommodation infrastructure, catering, leisure and entertainment, transport, utilities, environmental, border infrastructure, and health and safety infrastructure. A comparative analysis of the indicators of the level of infrastructure development of the regional tourist services market with the average indicators of the regions of Ukraine has been carried out and the rank (place) of the indicator among similar values of the indicators of the regions of Ukraine has been determined. Based on the generalization of the data obtained, a number of interrelated and interdependent problems of the development of the infrastructure of the market of tourist services in the Transcarpathian region have been identified. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is in comparing indicators of infrastructure development and identifying problem areas for tourism development. The practical significance lies in highlighting the main problems of infrastructure provision of the tourist services market for their priority solution. Prospects for further research is the development of the concept of an optimal model of the infrastructure of the market for tourism services in the Transcarpathian region, taking into account the specifics of tourism development in the region. Key words: regional market of tourist services, infrastructure of the regional market of tourist services,infrastructure assessment, indicators of infrastructure assessment.

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Going Viral

IMF Working Papers ◽

10.5089/9781513549101.001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (112) ◽

Author(s):

Serhan Cevik

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

International Tourism ◽

Model Framework ◽

Health Infrastructure ◽

Advanced Economies ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The Impact ◽

Tourism Flows

This paper develops a gravity model framework to estimate the impact of infectious diseases on bilateral tourism flows among 38,184 pairs of countries over the period 1995–2017. The results confirm that international tourism is adversely affected by disease risk, and the magnitude of this negative effect is statistically and economically significant. In the case of SARS, for example, a 10 percent rise in confirmed cases leads to a reduction of as much as 9 percent in tourist arrivals. Furthermore, while infectious diseases appear to have a smaller and statistically insignificant negative effect on tourism flows to advanced economies, the magnitude and statistical significance of the impact of infectious diseases are much greater in developing countries, where such diseases tend to be more prevalent and health infrastructure lags behind.

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Applying Kabeer's Social Relations Approach to Village Health Volunteers in Rural Papua New Guinea

10.26686/wgtn.16973914.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Ruth Heather

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Papua New Guinea ◽

Social Relations ◽

Maternal Death ◽

New Guinea ◽

Rural People ◽

Health Infrastructure ◽

Village Health Volunteers ◽

The Impact ◽

Village Health

<p>In this thesis I explore the effectiveness and sustainability of the Village Health Volunteer system within the East Sepik Women and Children's Health Project (ESWCHP), Papua New Guinea. The ESWCHP is a well-established project that provides a health infrastructure for primary health care services in rural areas of the East Sepik Province. The ESWCHP supports Church Health Services, and village women who volunteer (Village Health Volunteers) to provide primary care in rural village settings. In 2006, I undertook research to assess the impact of the ESWCHP. The assessment showed that rural people were very supportive of the Project and that it had made a significant, positive difference to health in rural villages. There was however, an overwhelming response to the research from Village Health Volunteers (VHVs) with requests for a greater level of support from rural people and the ESWCHP (in terms of training, payment, and status) and greater consistency of medical supplies. In this qualitative thesis research, I revisited the 2006 data using a combined theoretical frame of gender and development, participatory development and Sen's capability approach. I developed a detailed method based on Kabeer's Social Relations Approach (1994) to guide the process of interpretation, analysis and representation of memories, notes, and data. Through the analysis of social relations, I examined questions concerning the effectiveness of the VHV system in the face of escalating maternal death rates and epidemic levels of HIV/AIDs, and its sustainability. The analysis showed that the ESWCHP was facing compounding gender inequalities that put sustainability of the VHV system at risk. The analysis also showed that on the basis of key health indicators, the ESWCHP health infrastructure with its current heavy reliance on VHVs was neither successful nor effective. Research is urgently needed to identify a sustainable and effective model of rural health care to address the rapidly escalating maternal death and HIV rates of rural people in PNG.</p>

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Infrastructure and Income Inequality in Indonesia: 2009-2017

The Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning ◽

10.46456/jisdep.v2i2.132 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 129-144

Author(s):

Wiastuti Nurdina

Keyword(s):

Income Inequality ◽

Method Of Moments ◽

Generalized Method Of Moments ◽

Social Infrastructure ◽

Education And Health ◽

Health Infrastructure ◽

One Step ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact ◽

Unbalanced Panel Data

In the economic development field, physical and social infrastructure have been argued to affect income inequality despite the mixed results. This study examines the impact of physical and social infrastructure (education and health) on income inequality in Indonesia using 34 provincial unbalanced panel data during 2009-2017. Infrastructure summary indices are constructed, and the impacts of infrastructure on income inequality are estimated by the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The findings conclude that physical and social (education) infrastructure contributes to income inequality increases in Indonesia though not robustly significant. Regarding health infrastructure, this study cannot definitely infer its nexus with income inequality since only the model of one-step different-GMM is significant. The result implies that the government needs to consider providing better distribution of infrastructure among income groups to improve income distribution.

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Accessibility of Public Healthcare Services in Mysore City- A GIS Approach

International Journal of Health Sciences and Research ◽

10.52403/ijhsr.20210546 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 290-298

Author(s):

Minutha. V

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Care Services ◽

Care Delivery ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Public Healthcare ◽

Main Theme ◽

Location Quotient ◽

Care Services ◽

Health Infrastructure ◽

The Impact

The main theme of healthcare is to provide complete health facilities, to protect every one for physical, social, and mental health, to decrease the death rate, to increase the life expectancy of human being. The accessibility of healthcare centers is one of the most important indicators for measuring the efficiency of a healthcare system. Accessibility is a complex indicator that reflects the number of health care institutions, their geographical distribution and the impact of different types of barriers social, Economic and culture [1]. Geographers are mainly concerned with geographical accessibility for the calculation. GIS is a technique which provide a set of tools for describing and understanding the spatial distribution of healthcare facilities, evaluating accessibility and barriers to health care delivery of health facilities and Creating a map of health infrastructure. In this paper an attempt has been made to analyze the functioning of health care services and its infrastructure facilities in Mysore city using GIS techniques. To identify the gap between the availability and the accessibility of health infrastructure services in terms of prescribed norms. The present study is based on both Primary and Secondary Data. The Base Map of Study area has been Geo-referenced and digitized using GIS Software. Location of healthcare centres will be mapped with the help of Global Position System (GPS). Data is analyzed though simple quantitative techniques and the spatial disparity of health centers were measured by applying location quotient. Various Maps have been generated to show the health care services in the study area. The results show that the availability of healthcare center is unequally distributed and there is scarcity in the availability of infrastructure and workforce among the study area. Key words: Healthcare, Accessibility, Location quotient, GIS, GPS.

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