scholarly journals Biosensors for animal health and meat safety monitoring: farm-to-slaughterhouse continuum

2021 ◽  
Vol 854 (1) ◽  
pp. 012063
Author(s):  
Ivan Nastasijevic ◽  
Radmila Mitrovic ◽  
Sasa Jankovic
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Meat Safety ◽  
Safety Parameters ◽  
High Level

Abstract The meat supply chain needs to be managed for sufficient levels of consumer protection. Healthy animals are an essential precondition for a safe food supply, since zoonotic diseases, including meatborne pathogens, are a major threat to public health. Information about the livestock’s general health, animal welfare and prevalence of major meatborne hazards such as Salmonella, Campylobacter, STEC and Listeria monocytogenes is of utmost importance for effective biosecurity control on farm. Early detection of these hazards in faecal samples, monitoring blood levels of metabolites relevant for animal welfare (hormones) and animal health (acute phase proteins) can provide high-level control in the animal farming industry. Multiplex biosensors for pathogens and metabolites in the farm-to-slaughterhouse continuum constitute a practical and cost-efficient tool for early detection of signs related to meat safety. Point-of-care multiplex biosensors are an advantage versus commonly used methods ELISA and RT-PCR, since they provide possibilities for early detection and do not require expensive equipment, trained personnel or significant time for sample transfer and analyses. Biosensors can improve meat inspection and meat safety controls, and can serve as a primary tool for monitoring food safety parameters and contribute to the modernization of veterinary inspection and risk-based meat safety assurance system.

scholarly journals Regulation of Alcohol and Acetaldehyde Metabolism by a Mixture of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Species in Human

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1875
Author(s):  
Su-Jin Jung ◽  
Ji-Hyun Hwang ◽  
Eun-Ock Park ◽  
Seung-Ok Lee ◽  
Yun-Jo Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Bifidobacterium Species ◽  
Placebo Capsule ◽  
Safety Parameters ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Acetaldehyde Metabolism

Excessive alcohol consumption is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Alcohol is oxidized to toxic and carcinogenic acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and further oxidized to a non-toxic acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). There are two major ALDH isoforms, cytosolic and mitochondrial, encoded by ALDH1 and ALDH2 genes, respectively. The ALDH2 polymorphism is associated with flushing response to alcohol use. Emerging evidence shows that Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species encode alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) mediate alcohol and acetaldehyde metabolism, respectively. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial was designed to study the effects of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium probiotic mixture in humans and assessed their effects on alcohol and acetaldehyde metabolism. Here, twenty-seven wild types (ALDH2*1/*1) and the same number of heterozygotes (ALDH2*2/*1) were recruited for the study. The enrolled participants were randomly divided into either the probiotic (Duolac ProAP4) or the placebo group. Each group received a probiotic or placebo capsule for 15 days with subsequent crossover. Primary outcomes were measurement of alcohol and acetaldehyde in the blood after the alcohol intake. Blood levels of alcohol and acetaldehyde were significantly downregulated by probiotic supplementation in subjects with ALDH2*2/*1 genotype, but not in those with ALDH2*1/*1 genotype. However, there were no marked improvements in hangover score parameters between test and placebo groups. No clinically significant changes were observed in safety parameters. These results suggest that Duolac ProAP4 has a potential to downregulate the alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations, and their effects depend on the presence or absence of polymorphism on the ALDH2 gene.

scholarly journals The physiological and metabolic impacts on sheep and cattle of feed and water deprivation before and during transport

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Hogan ◽  
J. Carol Petherick ◽  
Clive J. C. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Enteropathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Meat Safety ◽  
Reduced Rate

Sheep and cattle are frequently subjected to feed and water deprivation (FWD) for about 12 h before, and then during, transport to reduce digesta load in the gastrointestinal tract. This FWD is marked by weight loss as urine and faeces mainly in the first 24 h but continuing at a reduced rate subsequently. The weight of rumen contents falls although water loss is to some extent masked by saliva inflow. FWD is associated with some stress, particularly when transportation is added. This is indicated by increased levels of plasma cortisol that may be partly responsible for an observed increase in the output of water and N in urine and faeces. Loss of body water induces dehydration that may induce feelings of thirst by effects on the hypothalamus structures through the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. There are suggestions that elevated cortisol levels depress angiotensin activity and prevent sensations of thirst in dehydrated animals, but further research in this area is needed. Dehydration coupled with the discharge of Na in urine challenges the maintenance of homeostasis. In FWD, Na excretion in urine is reduced and, with the reduction in digesta load, Na is gradually returned from the digestive tract to the extracellular fluid space. Control of enteropathogenic bacteria by normal rumen microbes is weakened by FWD and resulting infections may threaten animal health and meat safety. Recovery time is required after transport to restore full feed intake and to ensure that adequate glycogen is present in muscle pre-slaughter to maintain meat quality.

scholarly journals Experimental Ehrlichia canis infection changes acute-phase proteins

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Demarchi Munhoz ◽  
Joice Lara Maia Faria ◽  
Giovanni Vargas-Hérnandez ◽  
José Jurandir Fagliari ◽  
Áureo Evangelista Santana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Early Detection Of Disease ◽  
Acid Glycoprotein ◽  
The Third ◽  
Canine Ehrlichiosis

Early diagnosis of canine ehrlichiosis favors prompt institution of treatment and improves the prognosis for the animal, since this disease causes mortality among dogs. Studies have shown that determining the concentration of acute-phase proteins (APPs) may contribute towards early detection of disease and aid in predicting the prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the APP profile in dogs experimentally infected with Ehrlichia canis, at the start of the infection and after treatment. It also investigated whether any correlation between APP levels and the clinical and laboratory alterations over the course of the disease would be possible. The results obtained showed abnormal levels of all the APPs on the third day after infection (D3), with the highest levels being reached on D18, with the exception of ceruloplasmin and acid glycoprotein, which presented their peaks on D6 and D12 respectively. We concluded that assessment of APP levels could contribute towards establishing an early diagnosis of canine ehrlichiosis, particularly regarding acid glycoprotein and ceruloplasmin, since these proteins were detected at increased levels even before the onset of clinical and laboratory findings of the disease.

scholarly journals Acute Phase Proteins as Biomarkers in Animal Health and Welfare

10.5772/19166 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Gomez-Laguna ◽  
Francisco J. ◽  
Francisco J. ◽  
Irene M. ◽  
Inmaculada Barranco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Animal Health

scholarly journals Secondary Analysis of an Electronic Surveillance System Combined with Multi-focal Interventions for Early Detection of Sepsis

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 47-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Westra ◽  
Sean Landman ◽  
Pranjul Yadav ◽  
Michael Steinbach
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Electronic Surveillance ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

SummarySummary: To conduct an independent secondary analysis of a multi-focal intervention for early detection of sepsis that included implementation of change management strategies, electronic surveil-lance for sepsis, and evidence based point of care alerting using the POC AdvisorTM application. Methods: Propensity score matching was used to select subsets of the cohorts with balanced covariates. Bootstrapping was performed to build distributions of the measured difference in rates/ means. The effect of the sepsis intervention was evaluated for all patients, and High and Low Risk subgroups for illness severity. A separate analysis was performed patients on the intervention and non-intervention units (without the electronic surveillance). Sensitivity, specificity, and the positive predictive values were calculated to evaluate the accuracy of the alerting system for detecting sepsis or severe sepsis/ septic shock.Results: There was positive effect on the intervention units with sepsis electronic surveillance with an adjusted mortality rate of –6.6%. Mortality rates for non-intervention units also improved, but at a lower rate of –2.9%. Additional outcomes improved for patients on both intervention and non-intervention units for home discharge (7.5% vs 1.1%), total length of hospital stay (-0.9% vs –0.3%), and 30 day readmissions (-6.6% vs –1.6%). Patients on the intervention units showed better outcomes compared with non-intervention unit patients, and even more so for High Risk patients. The sensitivity was 95.2%, specificity of 82.0% and PPV of 50.6% for the electronic surveillance alerts. Conclusion: There was improvement over time across the hospital for patients on the intervention and non-intervention units with more improvement for sicker patients. Patients on intervention units with electronic surveillance have better outcomes; however, due to differences in exclusion criteria and types of units, further study is needed to draw a direct relationship between the electronic surveillance system and outcomes.

scholarly journals Brexit and Animal Protection: Legal and Political Context and a Framework to Assess Impacts on Animal Welfare

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven McCulloch
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Conservative Party ◽  
Political Support ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Animal Protection ◽  
Protection Policy ◽  
The Uk

The British people voted to leave the European Union (EU) in a 2016 referendum. The United Kingdom (UK) has been a member of the EU since the Maastricht Treaty was signed in 1993 and before that a member of the European Communities (EC) since 1973. EU animal health and welfare regulations and directives have had a major impact on UK animal protection policy. Similarly, the UK has had a substantial impact on EU animal protection. Brexit represents a substantial political upheaval for animal protection policy, with the potential to impact animal welfare in the UK, EU and internationally. Brexit’s impact on farmed animals will determine the overall impact of Brexit on animals. A major threat to animal welfare is from importing lower welfare products. A major opportunity is reform of UK agricultural policy to reward high welfare outside the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). A soft Brexit, in which the UK remains in the single market and/or customs union, mitigates the threat of importing lower welfare products. A harder Brexit means threats to animal welfare are more likely to materialise. Whether threats and opportunities do materialise will depend on political considerations including decisions of key political actors. The Conservative Government delivering Brexit has a problematic relationship with animal protection. Furthermore, Brexit represents a shift to the political right, which is not associated with progressive animal protection. There is significant political support in the Conservative Party for a hard Brexit. Further research is required to investigate whether the various threats and opportunities are likely to materialise.

Invited review: Importance of animal health and welfare for the stability of the three pillars of sustainability of livestock systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
P. Chemineau
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Livestock Systems

The future livestock systems at the world level will have to produce more in the perspective of the population increase in the next 30 years, whereas reducing their environmental footprint and addressing societal concerns. In that perspective, we may wonder if animal health and animal welfare, which are two essential components of production systems, may play an important role in the stability of the three pillars of sustainability of the livestock systems. We already know that objectives driven by economy, environment and society may modify animal welfare and animal health, but is the reverse true? The answer is yes and in 11 cases out of 12 of the matrix health-welfare×3 pillars of sustainability×positive or negative change, we have many examples indicating that animal health and animal welfare are able to modify, positively or negatively, the three pillars of sustainability. Moreover, we also have good examples of strong interactions between health and welfare. These elements play in favour of an holistic approach at the farm level and of a multicriterial definition of what could be the sustainable systems of animal production in the future which will respect animal welfare and maintain a good animal health.

scholarly journals Robust Tracking Controller for a DC/DC Buck-Boost Converter–Inverter–DC Motor System

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Hernández-Márquez ◽  
Carlos Avila-Rea ◽  
José García-Sánchez ◽  
Ramón Silva-Ortigoza ◽  
Gilberto Silva-Ortigoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor System ◽  
Dc Motor ◽  
Boost Converter ◽  
Differential Flatness ◽  
Robust Tracking ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Tracking Controller ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Better Than

This paper has two aims. The first is to develop a robust hierarchical tracking controller for the DC/DC Buck-Boost–inverter–DC motor system. This controller considers a high level control for the inverter–DC motor subsystems and a low level control for the DC/DC Buck-Boost converter subsystem. Such controls solve the tracking task associated with the angular velocity of the motor shaft and the output voltage of the converter, respectively, via the differential flatness approach. The second aim is to present a comparison of the robust hierarchical controller to a passive controller. This, with the purpose of showing that performance achieved with the hierarchical controller proposed in this paper, is better than the one achieved with the passive controller. Both controllers are experimentally implemented on a prototype of the DC/DC Buck-Boost–inverter–DC motor system by using Matlab-Simulink along with the DS1104 board from dSPACE. According to experimental results, the proposal in the present paper achieves a better performance than the passive controller.

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