scholarly journals Formation of density and porosity of pine wood in a tree trunk

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 (1) ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
E Kantieva ◽  
S Snegireva ◽  
A Platonov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
New Information ◽  
Growing Conditions

Abstract Wood is a material with unique properties that contribute to its wide use as a raw material for various types of industries. Different quality requirements are imposed on the raw materialdepending on the material or wood product. However, physical and mechanical properties of wood are not homogenousalong the radius and height of the trunk and depend on the species, location in the trunk and growing conditions. The aim of this research is to study the variability of porosity and density of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood in a tree trunk growing in dry forests of the forest-steppe zone of the Russian Federation. The studies were carried out on wood cuts, sawn at different trunk heights. The change in the density of pine wood along the height of the trunk by 1.43% for each meter has been established. The wood porosity increases from the butt to the top by an average of 5.5%. New information about the variability of wood properties makes it possible to rationally and reasonably approach the choice of raw materials for obtaining materials with specified performance characteristics.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF PERMISSIBLE AREAS OF PREPARATION OF MEDICINAL VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS NEAR TRANSPORT LINES

2020 ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
Nina Alekseyevna Dyakova ◽  
Aleksey Ivanovich Slivkin ◽  
Yelena Yevgen'yevna Chupandina ◽  
Sergey Petrovich Gaponov
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials

The purpose of the work is to study the permissible distance for the collection of medicinal plant raw materials near transport highways of different degrees of loading. The study was carried out in the Voronezh region on the example of eight different types of medicinal vegetable raw materials (Herring grass bitter, avian mountain grass, five-foot desert grass, plain thousand-year-old grass, double-ground nettle leaves, large planter leaves, common pajma flowers, core lip flowers) Collected in time of procurement along and at different distance from roads and railways of different degree of load in different natural zones, regulated by normative documentation. In the analyzed samples, the content of standardized biologically active substances, as well as heavy metals, pesticides, radionuclides, was previously estimated and full compliance with pharmacopoeia requirements was shown. In this work, the analysis was carried out on the level of ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid in the medicinal plant raw material, which makes it possible to estimate contamination of the raw material with dust particles. On the basis of the obtained data using the mathematical simulation method, the permissible distances from the transport lines, which can be recommended for the collection of safe medicinal plant raw materials, have been identified: Distance from major roads and highways loaded by road in forest natural zone conditions – at least 230 m, in forest steppe zone conditions – at least 300 m, in steppe zone conditions devoid of wood and shrub vegetation, – Not less than 660 m, near non-high-speed roads characterized by low traffic load – not less than 160 m, near railway lines – not less than 130 m. The obtained results can be recommended for safe collection of medicinal vegetable raw materials.

Research on Simulation Test of Coal Similar Material

2013 ◽  
Vol 850-851 ◽  
pp. 847-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Chao Dai
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Similarity Theory ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Uniform Design ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Similar Material ◽  
Cement Ratio ◽  
Water Cement Ratio

In order to study the coal and gas outburst similar simulation experiment, coal similar material was made up based on the similarity theory. Based on the previous similar material study, the cement, sand, water, activated carbon and coal powder was selected as the raw material of similar material. Meanwhile similar material matching program with 5 factors and 6 levels was designed by using Uniform Design Method. And the physical and mechanical properties of the similar material compressive strength was measured under different proportions circumstances. The relationship between similar material and the raw materials was analyzed. The results show that choosing different materials can compound different similar materials with different requirements. And the water-cement ratio plays a decisive influence on the compressive strength of similar material. The compressive strength of similar material decreases linearly when the water-cement ratio increases.

Ceramic Composition Material with Mullite Crystals Obtained from the Clayy Raw Material of Yakutia

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 253-258
Author(s):  
M.P. Lebedev ◽  
V.N. Tagrov ◽  
E.S. Lukin
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Composition Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Wide Range

The article deals with the manufacture of modern structural ceramic materials from clay and loam deposits of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The importance and relevance of the development of the production of building materials from local raw materials is emphasized, since this will certainly affect the effectiveness of the construction complex as a whole. The successful development of the construction complex is capable of not only stimulating growth in all sectors of the economy, but also contributes to solving the most pressing social problems. Today, Yakutia has huge reserves of mineral raw materials for the production of a wide range of building materials and products. Of practical interest are wall materials made from clay soils. Given the features of the region’s raw material base, this work focuses on additional processing of traditional material. Controlling the complex physicochemical and structural-mechanical transformations that occur during heat treatment, a methodology has been developed for creating a composite material that will allow competitive innovative materials with enhanced strength properties to be produced with a reinforcing element with a glassy phase matrix of mullite crystals. The fabricated samples have a wide range of physical and mechanical properties and allow using it as a high-quality structural building ceramics, as well as industrial floor technical tile.

scholarly journals Determination of Data Mining Application Design Patterns Booking Raw Food In Restaurant Fountain With Apriori Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risnamawati Ndruru ◽  
Paska Marto Hasugian
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Design Patterns ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Web Based ◽  
New Information ◽  
Material Ordering

Booking is an activity carried out by certain parties to ensure availability, in carrying out certain activities the company has a supply of material in quantities that exceed the needs. As a result, in the warehouse there is a buildup of raw materials or it can happen otherwise. Inventories of materials that are too small can hinder the company's operations in the form of unavailability of materials when needed. The role of inventory will determine the operation of the company because the inventory will run well if supported by good management. Therefore, the concept of inventory management that affects ordering is very important to be applied by companies so that the goals of effectiveness and efficiency are achieved. So we need a Data Mining that can quickly to determine the Determination of Food Raw Material Ordering Patterns in Restaurant Fountain Using Apriori. Data Mining is the extraction of new information taken from large chunks of data that helps in making decisions. One of the applications of data mining for Determining the Pattern of Ordering Food Raw Materials in Restaurant Fountain Using Apriori. Apriori method is a method for determining frequent itemsets for boolean association rules. The research aims to build the application of Determining the Pattern of Ordering Food Raw Materials in Restaurant Fountain with a web-based application and as a tool for designing applications using the Mysql Database. This data mining is able to determine the ordering of food items in the Restaurant Fountain with the required amount.  

scholarly journals Analysis Physical and Mechanical Of Particle Boards Raw Materials Nipah Fruit Fiber

Teknomekanik ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
M Saddikin ◽  
Hendri Nurdin ◽  
Primawati Primawati
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Average Moisture Content ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Wood Particles ◽  
Tapioca Flour

The raw materials of the timber industry, especially furniture, are increasingly difficult to obtain in the quantity and quality needed. The development efforts carried out were utilizing Nipah coir waste as a raw material for making particle boards. Particle boards are panel boards made of wood particles or materials containing lignocellulose. Nipah plants contain 27.3% lignin and 36.5% cellulose which has the potential to be used as raw material for particleboard production. This study aims to reveal the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards made from Nipah fruit fibre with adhesive using tapioca flour. The making of particle board is done with a ratio of 90%: 10%, 80%: 20%, 70%: 30%, 60%: 40%, by giving a pressure of 100 kg / cm2. Particle testing is carried out according to the JIS A 5908 standard (2003). From this study, the optimum results were obtained in variations of 60%:40%. The particle physical properties which have an average density value of 1.15 gr / cm3 and an average moisture content of 5.8%. While the mechanical properties obtained by the value of Modulus of Elasticity an average of 21,188.93 kg / cm2. This shows the particle board variations of 60%: 40% produced to meet the JIS A 5908 (2003) standard. Based on the analysis of the quality variations 60%: 40% of particle boards can be recommended as raw materials for interior furniture.

scholarly journals Chiyalik culture and the Golden Horde

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-94
Author(s):  
Igor' Vladimirovich Antonov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Special Contribution ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Western Eurasia ◽  
Burial Grounds

The object of this research is the interaction of the forest and forest-steppe habitat of Eastern Europe during the Golden Horde. The subject of this research is the interaction of the Chiyalik culture, formed in the forest-steppe zone of Volga-Ural region and the Golden Horde culture formed in the steppe zone of Western Eurasia. The monuments of Chiyalik culture – subsoil burial grounds and ancient settlements – are located in the valleys of the Rivers Kama, Belaya, Ika, Dema, Chermasan, Suni and other rivers in the eastern parts of modern Tatarstan and northwestern parts of the modern Bashkortostan, dating back from XII–XIV centuries. The bearers of Chiyalik culture were Ugric by origin, who have undergone Turkization and Islamization. The article explores the narrative sources that contain records on the relations between Uralic Ugric Peoples and Mongols, archaeological data on the objects of the Golden Horde import found on the monuments of Chiyalik culture. Special attention is given to the comparative analysis of narrative sources and archaeological data on the problem of interaction of Chiyalik culture and the Golden Horde as the synchronous historical phenomena. Narrative sources indicate the conquest of the territory of Chiyalik culture by the Mongols, tribute and labor conscriptions carried out by the local population in favor of the conquerors. The objects of the Golden Horde were detected on the settlement monuments: silver earrings and coins were found in Ufa-II settlement; copper coins were found in Iske–aul settlement; pottery and copper coins were found in Podymalovo-I settlement. Silver Golden Horde coins were found in the Taktalachuk and Azmetyevsky burial grounds. The author’s special contribution to this research lies in the conclusion that the paucity of findings is explained by the absence of large settlements, and the Muslim funeral rite. The novelty consists in establishment of the fact of the unilateral impact of the Golden Horde culture upon the Chiyalik culture: in exchange for the items of the Golden Horde import, were exported the raw materials, items of cattle breeding, hunting and beekeeping.

scholarly journals Grain crops in fodder production

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
O. T. Andreeva ◽  
N. G. Pilipenko ◽  
L. P. Sidorova ◽  
N. Yu. Kharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Growing Conditions

The possibility of increasing the yield of fodder-grain crops in single-species agrocenoses to provide livestock with nutritious highquality feed was studied. The results of field and laboratory studies (2016–2018) on the cultivation of traditional (barley, oats, spring and winter rye) and uncommon fodder crops (triticale, corn) sown as single crops in the forest-steppe zone of Trans-Baikal Territory are presented. The objects of the research were the following recognized varieties of the crops under study: local winter rye Zhitkinskaya, spring rye Onokhoyskaya, oats Metis, barley Anna, triticale Ukro, corn hybrid Obsky 150 CB. The experiment was conducted on meadow chernozem mealy-carbonate soil (light loam by particle size distribution). Poaceous fodder crops were assessed in terms of their adaptability to growing conditions, yield and nutritional value of grain. Their economically valuable characteristics were shown. On average over the years of research, when cultivating traditional and uncommon poaceous crops for fodder grain in single-crop sowings, triticale and corn had an advantage. The grain yield in the experiment was 3.0-5.8 t/ha, collection of fodder units – 3.39-6.13 t/ha, digestible protein 287-494 kg/ha, gross energy – 34.7-60.5 GJ/ha, availability of digestible protein – 85–77 g per one feed unit. Traditional crops were inferior to uncommon crops in terms of grain yield by 0.5-3.3 t/ ha, (on average for the variants of the experiment), feed units – by 0.99-3.73 t/ha, digestible protein – by 85-292 kg/ha, gross energy – by 0.99–35.7 GJ/ha.

scholarly journals STUDY ON THE GRINDING TIME DURATION IMPACT ON THE PROPERTIES OF PAPER FROM ALTERNATIVE RAW MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Z Galimova ◽  
◽  
H Babakhanova ◽  
M Abdunazarov ◽  
I Ismoilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Fiber Materials ◽  
The Impact

Both raw and recycled fiber materials are used for paper production. The increase in percentage use of the latter is due to their paper-forming properties, availability and low cost. The article explores the possibility of using pulp from the inner layer of mulberry twig bark. Mulberry twigs, after removing leaves, which are the main raw material in silk production, have no practical industrial application. Recycling waste - mulberry branches - for the production of pulp is therefore relevant as it is aimed at solving raw material and environmental problems. The purpose of this work is to use local raw materials for paper production, study the impact of processing method of the grinding process on paper forming properties. During grinding the mechanical processes of changes of fibers determine mainly structure of a paper sheet, and colloidal-physical processes - bind and ability of fibers to form strong, homogenous and smooth structure of paper. The structure of the sheet of paper facilitates excessive or "selective" ink absorption into the pores of the paper and thus predetermines the quality of reproduction during the printing process. Methods for determining the physical and mechanical properties of papers were used in this work, and changes in the surface structure of samples cast at various technological modes of the milling process were studied. The results of the study revealed that the addition of cellulose mass from the inner layer of mulberry twig bark helps to obtain a strong paper. The optical properties of the paper, which contains cotton and cellulose from the inner layer of mulberry branch bark, are explained by the whiteness of the added fibers themselves. The strength properties of the paper at a weight grinding degree of 300 CWR are explained by the bond between the split and strongly interwoven fibers of the cellulose fibers. It has been established that the addition of more than 30% cellulose from the inner layer of the mulberry branch bark to the paper pulp mass is undesirable, as this adversely affects the whiteness of the paper

scholarly journals TECHNOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT FOR PROCESSING ACTIVATED AGRICULTURAL PLANT WASTE INTO BIOETHANOL

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Prosvirnikov ◽  
Denis Tuncev ◽  
Bulat Ziganshin
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Plant Waste ◽  
Hydrolysis Temperature ◽  
Reducing Substances

The article is devoted to the development of technology and equipment for the production of bioethanol from agricultural plant waste, activated by the steam explosion method. The value and novelty of research lies in obtaining new data on the effective acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis of activated raw materials, and developing a technology for the conversion of plant raw materials into bioethanol. The studies were carried out on the basis of the Department of Wood Materials Processing of Kazan National Research Technological University (Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan). A pilot plant for the production of bioethanol and the principle of its operation are presented. Pine wood waste and wheat straw (collected in Kukmor region of the Republic of Tatarstan in the period August-September 2021) were used as raw materials. Steam-explosive activation of raw materials was carried out at temperatures of 165 ⁰C and 210 ⁰C for 5 minutes. Acid hydrolysis parameters: H2SO4 concentration - 0.5% and 1.5%, hydromodule 1:15, hydrolysis temperature - 187⁰C, hydrolysis duration - 5 hours. Enzymatic hydrolysis parameters: preparation - Cellulox-A (OOO PO Sibbiopharm, Russia) - 6 and 12 g/kg of raw material, hydrolysis temperature - 45 ⁰C, substrate pH 4.7 (acetate buffer), raw material concentration in the substrate 33 g/l, the duration of hydrolysis is 72 h. Alcoholic fermentation of hydrolysates was carried out at 32-34⁰C using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, fermentation duration 7 h, yeast concentration 25 g/l. The bioethanol yield in % of reducing substances was recalculated after determining the mass yield. It is concluded that the vapor-explosive activation of pine wood at a temperature of 210 ºC makes it possible to obtain by acid hydrolysis and anaerobic fermentation of reducing substances up to 0.26 kg (0.33 l) of ethanol from 1 kg of activated raw materials, and activation of wheat straw at the same temperature allows obtaining up to 0.172 kg (0.218 l) ethanol with 1 kg of activated straw

scholarly journals Using Debitage Analysis to Investigate an Alberta Archaeological Site

COMPASS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hallson
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
Aggregate Analysis ◽  
New Information ◽  
Lithic Artifacts ◽  
Field Schools

Ahai Mneh (FiPp-33) is a significant pre-contact archaeological site in Alberta. Located west of Edmonton on Lake Wabamun, this site contains material from the Early Prehistoric right up until Late Prehistoric pre-contact times. Ninety-five percent of the lithic artifacts collected are pieces of debitage. Aggregate analysis is a method of examining the whole of the debitage collection, rather than analysing singular pieces. This method is more time efficient, less subject to bias, replicable, and is used often, and successfully, at archaeological sites with immense quantities of debitage. Here I use aggregate analysis to examine the debitage assemblage from two field schools at Ahai Mneh. I investigate various characteristics such as size, raw material type, cortex amount, and number of dorsal scars. I argue that this method is successful, as it provided new information on where people were acquiring raw materials, as well as what types of flintknapping occurred at this site. These analyses resulted in the determination of a focus on local raw material, yet this material was being brought to the site as prepared cores or blanks, rather than complete unaltered cores. Tool production was the focus at this site, and this trend continued throughout time.

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