scholarly journals Projection of incinerators for medical waste processing during a pandemic: a case study of COVID-19 in Jakarta Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 909 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
M H Aryantie ◽  
T Widodo ◽  
R Wahyuni ◽  
B Purwanto ◽  
M Y Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Budget Planning ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Referral Hospitals ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Medical waste management due to the COVID-19 pandemic is important and urgent. An approach is needed to assess the weight of medical waste and to design appropriate waste management. The research was conducted in 2020 when the pandemic was still ongoing and had not yet reached the peak of the outbreak. Thus, the analysis was built based on assumptions and available data. The research was quantitative. Data were collected digitally (by big data retrieval and web survey) on the COVID-19 referral hospitals in Jakarta Province. The results showed that before the pandemic the weight of inpatients' medical waste was 1.57 kg/bed/day, while for COVID-19 inpatients was 1.84 kg/bed/day. The last number was processed with a limited projection of Jakarta population in 2020, then tested using two scenarios. First scenario was a pandemic condition without treatment. Second scenario was a pandemic condition plus vaccinations on D11. First scenario resulted that on D75, almost all residents of Jakarta would be infected with the SARS-COV2 virus and the maximum capacity of hospital incinerators in Jakarta was reached on D11. Second scenario resulted that the plague rate is resolved so that it does not infect all residents of Jakarta, but the capacity of hospital incinerators in Jakarta is still not adequate (limit on D11). Research has implications for environmental management budget planning in dealing with infectious disease outbreaks. The research recommendation is to calculate the weight of COVID-19 medical waste according to current conditions, which includes parameters such as the maximum hospital occupancy rate and the availability of large-scale incinerators belong to third-party.

scholarly journals Digital proximity tracing on empirical contact networks for pandemic control

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cencetti ◽  
G. Santin ◽  
A. Longa ◽  
E. Pigani ◽  
A. Barrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Contact Patterns ◽  
Contact Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDigital contact tracing is a relevant tool to control infectious disease outbreaks, including the COVID-19 epidemic. Early work evaluating digital contact tracing omitted important features and heterogeneities of real-world contact patterns influencing contagion dynamics. We fill this gap with a modeling framework informed by empirical high-resolution contact data to analyze the impact of digital contact tracing in the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigate how well contact tracing apps, coupled with the quarantine of identified contacts, can mitigate the spread in real environments. We find that restrictive policies are more effective in containing the epidemic but come at the cost of unnecessary large-scale quarantines. Policy evaluation through their efficiency and cost results in optimized solutions which only consider contacts longer than 15–20 minutes and closer than 2–3 meters to be at risk. Our results show that isolation and tracing can help control re-emerging outbreaks when some conditions are met: (i) a reduction of the reproductive number through masks and physical distance; (ii) a low-delay isolation of infected individuals; (iii) a high compliance. Finally, we observe the inefficacy of a less privacy-preserving tracing involving second order contacts. Our results may inform digital contact tracing efforts currently being implemented across several countries worldwide.

scholarly journals Information Communication Technologies (ICTs), Crisis Communication Principles and the COVID-19 Response in South Korea

2021 ◽  
pp. 097325862098117
Author(s):  
Hye-Jin Paek ◽  
Thomas Hove
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Communication ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
The South ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Control Programmes

This case study highlights several communication insights that have emerged from the South Korean national response to COVID-19. In particular, it focuses on how innovative disease control programmes and information and communications technologies (ICT) have been used in conjunction with appropriate message strategies. The South Korean government used ICTs in a variety of ways to enhance crisis communication, coordinate large-scale public health efforts and supply chains, and facilitate widespread adoption of preventive measures such as social distancing and mask wearing. The response and communication strategies were based on principles established by research in social sciences and recommended for pandemic response, including social marketing, crisis communication, and normative influence. South Korea’s COVID-19 response and communication strategies can provide useful insights for national efforts to manage COVID-19 and other possible future infectious disease outbreaks.

scholarly journals Sosialisasi Penggunaan Pembersih Tangan (Handsanitizer) yang Efektif dalam Upaya Memenuhi Standar WHO dan Protokol Kesehatan Sesuai dengan UU No. 6 Tahun 2018 tentang Karantina Kesehatan di Muhammadiyah Kramat Jati, Jakarta Timur

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Marjan Miharja ◽  
Erwin Syahruddin ◽  
Bionda Johan Anggara ◽  
Johan Johan ◽  
Gugus Atmoko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The Government ◽  
Spreading Disease

WHO determined COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 9, 2020, which is the strongest push for this community service program to be carried out. WHO has published guidance on adjusting the MFIs while managing the risk of a spike in case numbers. WHO publishes guidance on adapting to LKMS, while still managing the risk of a re-increase in the number of cases. A series of measures was developed to help provide guidance to countries in adapting public health measures to various contexts and this provides consideration for decision makers. In connection with the policy of controlling infectious disease outbreaks, Indonesia has Law Number 4 of 1984 concerning Communicable Disease Outbreaks, Government Regulation Number 40 of 1991 concerning Management of Contagious Disease Outbreaks, and Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 1501 / Menkes / Per / X / 2010 concerning Certain Types of Infectious Diseases That Can Cause Outbreaks and Countermeasures. Including various policies to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic issued by the government. One of them is the Large-Scale Social Restrictions or PSBB at the end of March. Citing Article 1 paragraph 11 of Law (UU) Number 6 of 2018 concerning Health Quarantine, PSBB is a limitation of certain activities of residents in an area suspected of being infected with a disease and / or contamination in such a way as to prevent the possibility of spreading disease or contamination. The policy covers at least school and work vacations, restrictions on religious activities and restrictions on activities in public places or facilities, including the socialization of washing hands using hand sanitizer which can be done in certain situations where soap and clean water are not available. For the results to be effective, the hand sanitizer used should contain at least 60% alcohol. This step is a necessity in order to prevent Covid-19 from becoming more widespread. The goal to be achieved from the socialization of good and correct hand washing is to understand the procedures, and be able to practice how to wash hands properly and correctly. It is hoped that in this socialization there will be a change in behavior in the community in washing hands as often as possible properly and correctly.

scholarly journals Using online data to track outbreaks and understand public responses during a pandemic: A rapid evidence review (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Weston ◽  
Natasha L. Bloodworth ◽  
Richard Amlôt ◽  
G. James Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Outbreak Detection ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Public Health Decision ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Health Decision ◽  
Evidence Review

UNSTRUCTURED Established methods for collecting surveillance data and attitudinal or behaviour data during a pandemic are limited by issues including cost, timeliness and reliability. This paper presents the outcomes of a rapid evidence review exploring the potential utility of online data, and particularly social media data, for contributing to both outbreak detection and the assessment of influenza-related health behaviours and sentiments. Three literature reviews, including one systematised review, contributed to this rapid evidence review. The systematised review search was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar. From an initial total of 787 papers found through the search, 54 relevant articles were identified and included in the synthesis. These papers were combined with our initial narrative reviews to form the rapid evidence review and subsequent literature synthesis. Overall, the literature suggests that online data do have a role to play in both surveillance and understanding public responses and concerns during large-scale infectious disease outbreaks. However, given the relative infancy of work in this area, more research is needed – particularly around evaluating the validity and reliability of these approaches – before complex online data can be used with confidence to inform public health decision-making.

scholarly journals Analisis Pengelolaan Limbah Medis Padat Untuk Mewujudkan Konsep Green Hospital di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Emy Leonita ◽  
Nopriadi Nopriadi ◽  
Putri N Sari ◽  
Pratiwi Herman
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Temporary Storage ◽  
Waste Segregation ◽  
Medical Waste Management ◽  
Output Component ◽  
Process Component

A hospital can apply Green Hospital concept in order to reduce even hospital environment and global environment pollution. The amount of patients at Dr. M. Djamil Padang hospital is 250.000-350.000 every year which make hospital generates medical waste ±400 kg/day on giving health service. Therefore, Dr. M. Djamil Padang hospital should have integrated and sustainable solid medical waste management. Objective of this research is to analyze the management of solid medical waste management at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital on creating Green Hospital concept. Study of this research is qualitative study. This research was done on March-June 2018. There are 9 informants which determined by purposive sampling technique. Data is collected with in-depth interview, observation, and document reviewing. Data is analyzed by data reduction, presentation of data, and conclusion. Data validity used source triangulation and method triangulation.Input component: hospital has writtern procedure in solid medical waste management, cost and staff regarding solid medical waste management is sufficient, all facilities is appropriate except for temporary storage for medical waste. Process component: waste segregation is done based on its character. Waste transportation to temporary storage uses trolly but doesn’t use special lane. Hospital cooperates with third party on exterminating medical waste with incinerator. Output component: overall, implementation of solid medical waste management at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang has been in accordance with the Indonesian health regulation No. 1204/2004 and hospital has done the efforts towards green hospital by doing appropriate solid medical waste management. Based on the Indonesian health regulation No. 1204/2004, solid medical waste management at Dr. M. Djamil hospital is done properly. But there are still problems found, such as temporary storage is not in accordance with the standard. To achieve Green Hospital, hospital can fix broken facilities and apply waste reduction program.

scholarly journals Pengolahan Limbah Medis COVID-19 Pada Rumah Sakit

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Niki Tri Nurwahyuni ◽  
Laila Fitria ◽  
Olce Umboh ◽  
Dismo Katiandagho
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
City Environment ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Residual Material ◽  
Referral Hospitals

COVID-19 medical waste is residual material from unused reuse which is contaminated by substances that protect infectious or in contact with patients and/or hospital staff who need COVID-19 patients from service activities in the emergency room, isolation room, ICU room, treatment rooms, and other service rooms. The purpose of this study was to discover waste treatment in referral hospitals in North Sulawesi Province arising from the implementation of COVID-19 in 2020. The research was conducted on 18 of COVID-19 Referral Hospitals in North Sulawesi Province in period May - June 2020, by using cross-sectional as a research design. The results showed that 11 hospitals (61.1%) treated COVID-19 medical waste using their own incinerator, while 7 other hospitals (38.9%) treated COVID-19 medical waste using third-party services. All of the hospitals that treat medical waste using an incinerator do not fully have an operational permit from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. The results obtained, in an emergency (COVID-19 pandemic), are excluded from having permission to use incinerators. All health facilities are expected to carry out the process of arranging incinerator operational permit documents coordinating with the Provincial / Regency / City Health Office and Provincial / Regency / City Environment Offices, even in the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Evaluation of solid waste management system in ‘X’ hospital, Cilegon city, Banten

2018 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Linardita Ferial ◽  
Budi Rahayu Kosasih
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Management System ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Waste Management System ◽  
Domestic Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management System

Health service activities by the hospital produce a waste of any activity in the form of medical activities and non-medical activities. The purpose of this research is to analyze the solid waste management system in  'X' Hospital, Cilegon City, Banten. The result showed that the source of solid waste generated were classified into 2 types, namely 2% of medical waste and 98% non medical, where the waste treatment process included sorting, characteristic wastage, transporting garbage to TPS, weighing, temporary storage and transportation. The method of handling solid, B3 and domestic solid waste in 'X' Hospital is done in each unit which is sorting according to its characteristic, but still finding the placement of waste which is not in accordance with its characteristic and solid waste processing process is not done by the hospital but given to a third party. Therefore, it can be concluded that the effort to evaluate the solid waste management of 'X' Hospital must refer to the Decree of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1204 / Menkes/ SK / X / 2004 on Hospital Health Requirements and need to improve supervision and good cooperation with nurses and janitors in the separation of medical and non-medical waste.

scholarly journals Infectious Disease Risk After the Great East Japan Earthquake

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Mimura ◽  
◽  
Taro Kamigaki ◽  
Hitoshi Oshitani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks

Infectious disease outbreaks in postdisaster settings provide significant social impact although those outbreaks do not always occur. It is important to assess the potential risks of infectious disease in each setting. The Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred March 11, 2011, imposed a huge impact on public health services. After the earthquake and following tsunami, many evacuation centers were sites of crowding as well as poor sanitation conditions because of the large- scale of destruction. Some shelters became sites of infectious disease outbreaks such as influenza and norovirus enteritis, although the size of these outbreaks was quite localized. Improvements in the response to infectious diseases through lessons learned from the Great East Japan Earthquake are expected to be the triggers for improving preparedness for public health emergencies.

If Schools Are Closed, Who Will Watch Our Kids? Family Caregiving and Other Sources of Role Conflict among Nurses during Large-Scale Outbreaks

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey L. O'Sullivan ◽  
Carol Amaratunga ◽  
Karen P. Phillips ◽  
Wayne Corneil ◽  
Eileen O'Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Work Conflict ◽  
Response Capacity ◽  
Work Family

AbstractObjectives:The global impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) brought attention to the role of healthcare professionals as “first receivers” during infectious disease outbreaks, a collateral aspect to their role as responders. This article records and reports concerns expressed by Canadian emergency and critical care nurses in terms of organizational and social supports required during infectious disease outbreaks. The nature of work-family and family-work conflict perceived and experienced by nurses during infectious disease outbreaks, as well as the supports needed to enable them to balance their social roles during this type of heightened stress, are explored.Methods:Five focus groups consisting of 100 nurses were conducted using a Structured Interview Matrix facilitation technique.Results:Four emergent themes included: (1) substantial personal/professional dilemmas; (2) assistance with child, elder, and/or pet care; (3) adequate resources and vaccinations to protect families; and (4) appropriate mechanisms to enable two-way communication between employees and their families under conditions of quarantine or long work hours.Conclusions:Social and organizational supports are critical to help buffer the effects of stress for nurses and assist them in managing difficult role conflicts during infectious disease outbreaks. These supports are necessary to improve response capacity for bio-disasters.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Phylogenomics of Fagales Provides Insights Into Plant Mitogenome Mosaic Evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanlei Feng ◽  
Xiaoguo Xiang ◽  
Delara Akhter ◽  
Ronghui Pan ◽  
Zhixi Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Plastid Genomes ◽  
Gene Sets ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Similar Gene ◽  
Specific Sequences

Fagales are an order of woody plants and comprise more than 1,100 species, most of which produce economically important timbers, nuts, and fruits. Their nuclear and plastid genomes are well-sequenced and provided valuable resources to study their phylogeny, breeding, resistance, etc. However, little is known about the mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes), which hinder a full understanding of their genome evolution. In this study, we assembled complete mitogenomes of 23 species, covering five of the seven families of Fagales. These mitogenomes had similar gene sets but varied 2.4 times in size. The mitochondrial genes were highly conserved, and their capacity in phylogeny was challenging. The mitogenomic structure was extremely dynamic, and synteny among species was poor. Further analyses of the Fagales mitogenomes revealed extremely mosaic characteristics, with horizontal transfer (HGT)-like sequences from almost all seed plant taxa and even mitoviruses. The largest mitogenome, Carpinus cordata, did not have large amounts of specific sequences but instead contained a high proportion of sequences homologous to other Fagales. Independent and unequal transfers of third-party DNA, including nuclear genome and other resources, may partially account for the HGT-like fragments and unbalanced size expansions observed in Fagales mitogenomes. Supporting this, a mitochondrial plasmid-like of nuclear origin was found in Carpinus. Overall, we deciphered the last genetic materials of Fagales, and our large-scale analyses provide new insights into plant mitogenome evolution and size variation.

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