scholarly journals The replacement of fish meal with fermented Moringa leaves meal and its effect on the immune response of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 919 (1) ◽  
pp. 012057
Author(s):  
S Helmiati ◽  
Rustadi ◽  
A Isnansetyo ◽  
Zuprizal
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Red Tilapia ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Plasma Protein

Abstract Moringa (Moringa oleifera) has frequently been studied as an alternative and promising protein source in fish feed. Moringa leaves is among the potential and affordable plant-based protein source ingredient, as it protein, vitamin, beta-carotene, and various kind of minerals. Flavonoid, saponin, vitamin and alkaloids reportedly exhibit immune-stimulating activity which increase immune response. This study aims to evaluate the replacement of fish meal with fermented Moringa leaves meal in feed on the immune response of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). The research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design by four treatments in triplicate. The treatments include replacement of the fish meal with fermented moringa leaves meal at 0, 10, 20, and 30 %. Red tilapia with total length of 9 to 10 cm was fed twice daily for two months at a feeding rate of 3 % of total biomass. The results showed that replacement fish meal with fermented Moringa leaves meal as much as 20 % increases the percentage values of hematocrit and leukocrit, stimulates phagocytic activity and phagocytic index, suppresses monocyte and increases lymphocytes, and increases total plasma protein.

scholarly journals Non-specific immune response of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei by supplementation of sodium alginate of Sargassum collected from Lampung Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 890 (1) ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
A Setyawan ◽  
Riana ◽  
Supono ◽  
S Hudaidah ◽  
H P Fidyandini
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Specific Immune Response ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
White Spot Disease ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Plasma Protein

Abstract This study aims to determine the effectiveness of supplementation of sodium (Na) alginate Sargassum sp. from Lampung waters to enhance the non-specific immune response and the resistence of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) against white spot disease. This study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments, namely feeding without alginate supplementation (A) or control, dietary Na alginate Sargassum supplementation at a dose of 2.0 (B), and 4.0 g kg−1 feed (C), each with four replications, for 14 days. Hemolymph sampling was performed on days 0, 7 and 14 to observe the parameter of shrimp hematology included total haemocyte count (THC), phagocytocyte activity (PA), phagocytic index (PI), and total plasma protein (TPP). The hepatopancreas histology profile and water quality were observed at the end of treatment. Data were analyzed by Anova at 95% of confidence interval and continued with Duncan test. Result showedthat the supplementation of Na alginat from Sargassum sp. significantly enhance several shrimp immune response namely THC, PA, and TPP. Meanwhile, the histology of the hepatopancreas of both shrimp treatment and control showed not significantly effect on tissue damage. The water quality was still in normal condition during the treatment. The results of this study indicate that the application of Sargassum alginate supplementation at a dose of 2gr/kg of feed is the best treatment to enhance the immune response of Pacific white shrimp.

scholarly journals Optimal Replacement of Soybean Meal with Fermented Palm Kernel Meal as Protein Source in a Fish Meal-Soybean Meal-Based Diet of Sex Reversed Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2287
Author(s):  
Wattana Wattanakul ◽  
Karun Thongprajukaew ◽  
Waraporn Hahor ◽  
Naraid Suanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Red Tilapia ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

The solid-state fermentation by effective microorganisms (containing photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, yeast and Bacillus sp.) improved the nutritive values of palm kernel meal (PKM). Increased crude protein (20.79%), nitrogen-free extract (40.07%) and gross energy (19.58%) were observed in fermented PKM (FPKM) relative to raw PKM while crude lipid (15.65%), crude fiber (36.45%) and ash (29.54%) were decreased. Replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with FPKM as a protein source was investigated for its effects in sex-reversed red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus). The two-month-old fish (14.85 ± 0.28 g initial weight) were fed fish meal-SBM-based diets with replacement by FPKM at 25% (25FPKM), 50% (50FPKM), 75% (75FPKM) and 100% (100FPKM), while an FPKM-free diet (0FPKM) was used as a control. The five treatments, comprising triplicate cement ponds and forty fish each, were conducted in a recirculating system over 12 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed the 50FPKM diet were superior in growth performance, while the feed utilization parameters were similar across all five treatments. Physiological adaptation of the protein-digesting (pepsin and trypsin) and lipid-digesting (lipase) enzymes was detected at all protein replacement levels (except for 25FPKM), as well as of the enzyme for cellulose digestion (cellulase), but not of the carbohydrate-digesting enzymes (amylase). Protein synthesis capacity in flesh was improved in fish fed the 50FPKM diet, while the quality of the main flesh proteins, actin and myosin, showed no significant differences across the five treatments. No differences in carcass composition and no negative effects on hematological parameters or liver histoarchitecture at the 50% replacement level of SBM by FPKM also support this alternative. Findings from the current study indicate the low-cost FPKM-containing diet for tilapia in comparison with control diet.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Tepung Silase Usus Ayam sebagai Substitusi Tepung Ikan dalam Formulasi Pakan Benih Patin Siam (Pangasius hypophthalmus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Tri Sukma
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Chicken Intestine ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
June July

The demand of fish meal as a protein source of feed increases with the increasing of fish culture activities, so this activities needed alternative protein sources to reduce the use of fish meal. The feed ingredient can be used as an alternative protein source is chicken intestine silage meal. The purpose of this research were to determine the percentage of chicken intestine silage meal to substitute fish meal in feed formulation of catfish fry based on the growth and feed efficiency. This research was conducted in June-July 2014 in the Laboratory of Aquaculture, Aquaculture Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. Research methods using Completely Randomized Design with six treatments and three replications (A : commercial feed, B: 0% chicken intestine silage meal and 100% fish meal, C: 25% chicken intestine silage meal and 75% fish meal, D: 50% chicken intestine silage meal and 50% fish meal, E: 75% chicken intestine silage meal and 25% fish meal, F: 100% chicken intestine silage meal and 0% fish meal). Results showed the utilization of chicken intestine silage meal significant effect on growth and feed efficiency, but not significant on survival catfish fry. Utilization of chicken intestine silae meal could substitute 100% fish meal in feed formulation of catfish fry. During the study the water quality is still at normal level for the maintenance of catfish fry.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN KEONG MAS (Pomacea caniculata) SEBAGAI SUMBER BAHAN BAKU PAKAN IKAN

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
titin liana febriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
High Price ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Fish growth is influenced by several factors, one of which is feed. To overcome the high price of feed, the cultivators need to find alternative raw materials as a substitute for fish meal. One source of animal protein that can be a substitute for fish meal is mas snail flour (Pomacea caniculata). The purpose of this study is to know the benefits of snail pests as a source of raw materials of fish feed, knowing the best formulation for fish feed and to determine which protein content is best in fish feed. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (RAL) consisting of 5 treatments with 3 replications. From the research results can be seen that the best formulation is the C treatment of 50% fish meal and 50% golden snail flour, with the highest protein content of 34.26%. Keywords: Feed, snail mas, formulation, and protein. Abstrak Pertumbuhan ikan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah pakan. Untuk mengatasi tingginya harga pakan, maka pembudidaya perlu mencari bahan baku alternatif sebagai pengganti tepung ikan. Salah satu sumber protein hewani yang dapat menjadi pengganti tepung ikan adalah tepung keong mas (Pomacea caniculata). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui manfaat hama keong mas sebagai sumber bahan baku pakan ikan, mengetahui formulasi yang terbaik untuk pakan ikan dan untuk mengetahui kandungan protein mana yang terbaik pada pakan ikan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan. Dari hasil penelitian dapat dilihat bahwa formulasi yang terabaik adalah perlakuan C yaitu 50% tepung ikan dan 50% tepung keong mas, dengan kandungan proteinnya yang tertinggi yaitu 34,26%. Kata kunci: Pakan, keong mas, formulasi, dan protein.

Perception and awareness of insects as an alternative protein source among fish farmers and fish feed traders

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ssepuuya ◽  
C. Sebatta ◽  
E. Sikahwa ◽  
P. Fuuna ◽  
M. Sengendo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Willingness To Use

The perception of key players in the fish farming sector towards the use of insects is important for their acceptance to adopt insects as an alternative protein source to the expensive fish meal. Perception was established through a cross-sectional study of 208 fish farmers and 71 fish feed traders and/or processors conducted in Gulu, Tororo and Masaka districts in Uganda, using descriptive, Chi-square, correlation and factor statistical analysis of the data collected. Males dominated the fish farming and fish feed trading and/or processing enterprises. Youths were involved to almost the same extent as adults. Fish farmers majorly practiced pond fish farming, mainly using vegetable and grain based feeds. Most fish farmers (94.9%) and feed traders or processors (91.5%) were willing to use insects for feed but only 44.8% of fish farmers and 8.6% of feed traders and processors had ever used insects. All insects ever used by the respondents for feeding fish, including white ants, grasshoppers, termites and cockroaches were not reared but harvested from the environment. Willingness to use (rear/buy/sell) insects as fish feed was significantly and positively correlated with farmers’ and fish feed traders’ and/or processors’ perception that insects were good sources of nourishment for fish. Familiarity with use of insects and knowledge/awareness of their use significantly contributed to respondents’ positive perception. The apparent willingness to use insects for feeding fish should be promoted by encouraging mass insect production. Assessment of the consumer’s acceptability of fish reared on insects is necessary to ensure market for insect-fed fish.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN KEONG MAS (Pomacea caniculata) SEBAGAI SUMBER BAHAN BAKU PAKAN IKAN

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
titin liana febriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
High Price ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Fish growth is influenced by several factors, one of which is feed. To overcome the high price of feed, the cultivators need to find alternative raw materials as a substitute for fish meal. One source of animal protein that can be a substitute for fish meal is mas snail flour (Pomacea caniculata). The purpose of this study is to know the benefits of snail pests as a source of raw materials of fish feed, knowing the best formulation for fish feed and to determine which protein content is best in fish feed. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (RAL) consisting of 5 treatments with 3 replications. From the research results can be seen that the best formulation is the C treatment of 50% fish meal and 50% golden snail flour, with the highest protein content of 34.26%. Keywords: Feed, snail mas, formulation, and protein. Abstrak Pertumbuhan ikan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah pakan. Untuk mengatasi tingginya harga pakan, maka pembudidaya perlu mencari bahan baku alternatif sebagai pengganti tepung ikan. Salah satu sumber protein hewani yang dapat menjadi pengganti tepung ikan adalah tepung keong mas (Pomacea caniculata). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui manfaat hama keong mas sebagai sumber bahan baku pakan ikan, mengetahui formulasi yang terbaik untuk pakan ikan dan untuk mengetahui kandungan protein mana yang terbaik pada pakan ikan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan. Dari hasil penelitian dapat dilihat bahwa formulasi yang terabaik adalah perlakuan C yaitu 50% tepung ikan dan 50% tepung keong mas, dengan kandungan proteinnya yang tertinggi yaitu 34,26%. Kata kunci: Pakan, keong mas, formulasi, dan protein.

scholarly journals Biochemical and immune response in red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × O. niloticus) with dietary chitosan supplementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1016-1034
Author(s):  
Yuniel Méndez-Martínez ◽  
Ginger Pacheco-Morales ◽  
Karla Del Barco-Ibarra ◽  
Yenny Torres-Navarrete ◽  
Martha Hernández-Vergara
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Red Tilapia ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Fish Diets ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Different Levels

The use of biostimulants in fish diets is a promising strategy to reduce the use of antibiotics, enhance the biochemical and immune response, which contributes to improving productive yields and reducing economic losses. The biochemical and immune response was evaluated in juvenile red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × O. niloticus), with different levels: 0 (control), 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% chitosan in diet. 270 animals (7.53 ± 0.50 g of initial weight), distributed in a completely randomized design of 6 treatments with 3 replicates and 45 tilapia.treatment-1, were sown in 18 tanks with 90 L of water in a closed system. The juveniles were fed for 55 days with the experimental diets and at the end of the bioassay the tissue and blood plasma samples were taken. Differences were found (p<0.05) in the variables evaluated responses, where the content of lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, carbohydrates and glucose showed higher levels (p<0.05) at lower chitosan concentrations. However, for protein content, a better response (p<0.05) was found at higher levels of chitosan in the diet. Regarding dry matter and ash, no differences were found (p˃0.05). While superoxide dismutase and leukocytes were found in higher concentration (p<0.05) when supplemented with chitosan by 3 and 4%. It was concluded that the juvenile biochemical and immune response of red tilapia was favored with dietary chitosan supplementation.

scholarly journals Potential the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) in Feed Formulation for Growth of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
Ayu Azkiyah Azizah ◽  
Arning Wilujeng Ekawati ◽  
Happy Nursyam
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The utilization of maggot as larvae from black soldier fly is an alternative substitution of fish meal as the primary protein source in fish feed. Maggot is cultivated in 3 different cultivation, the medium used is organic waste, tofu waste, and wheat pollard. The method that used in this research is Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replication. This study aims to determine the effect of various types of maggot growth media, 1) with maggot biomass parameters, containers, and growing media conditions maggot, 2) then, exact proximate composition, total amino acids content of the prepupae samples were determined. Based on the results of the analysis, each dose of treatment (media) has an influence on the different maggot biomass. The best media treatment results are pollard flour. The proximate analysis showed that BSF larvae had a protein content of 50,88% and also fat content of 15%.

scholarly journals Efficacy of acidified phytase supplemented cottonseed meal based diets on growth performance and proximate composition of Labeo rohita fingerlings

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ahmad ◽  
S. M. Hussain ◽  
S. Ali ◽  
M. Zubair-ul-Hassan Arsalan ◽  
S. Tabassum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Randomized Design

Abstract The growth of aquaculture sector is strongly dependent upon the continuous supply of inexpensive fish feed with balanced nutritional profile. However, fish meal (FM) is unable to satisfy this demand due to its scarce supply and high cost. In order to test the potential of cottonseed meal (CSM) as a fish meal replacer, a feeding trial of 12 weeks was conducted to check growth performance and proximate composition of Labeo rohita fingerlings. The protein ration of the test feed was satisfied by replacing FM with CSM at 0, 25, 50 and 75%. Sixteen test diets viz., TD1 (control), TD2, TD3, TD4, TD5, TD6, TD7, TD8, TD9, TD10, TD11, TD12, TD13, TD14, TD15 and TD16 were supplemented with citric acid (CA; 0 and 2.5%) and phytase (PHY; 0 and 750 FTU/kg) in a completely randomized design with 3×3 factorial arrangement. The highest weight gain (11.03g), weight gain% (249.21%), specific growth rate (1.39) and best feed conversion ratio (1.20) were recorded by fish fed with TD12. Furthermore, the same level increased the crude protein (59.26%) and fat (16.04%) being significantly different (p<0.05) than that of control. Conclusively, the addition of acidified phytase (CA; 2.5%, PHY; 750 FTU/kg) in TD12 (CSM=50%) led to the improved growth and proximate composition of L. rohita fingerlings.

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