scholarly journals Photosynthetic activity of wheat - wheatgrass hybrids and winter wheat under salinization

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022134
Author(s):  
A N Skorokhodova ◽  
A A Anisimov ◽  
D M Skorokhodov ◽  
Y S Larikova ◽  
O S Yakovleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Important Crop ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Yield Formation

Abstract Wheat is considered to be one the most important crop on Earth. Wheat-wheatgrass hybrids are the promising gene donors for further breedingprocrss. The parameters of photosynthetic activity are the key factor of crop yield formation. Based on the parameters of photosynthetic activity, the most resistant to salinization hybrids of PPG and wheat were identified. The structure of the photosynthetic apparatus of wheat plants and wheat-wheatgrass hybrids under the salinization is described.

scholarly journals Урожайність вівса і ячменю ярого залежно від попередника та застосування мікродобрив у північному Степу

2013 ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
А. Д. Гирка ◽  
І. О. Кулик ◽  
О. Г. Андрейченко
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Yield Of Oats

Представлені результати вивчення впливу застосування мікродобрив на урожайність вівса та ячменю ярого в північному Степу. Встановлено, щокомплексне застосування мікродобрив за обробки насіння та обприскування посівів забезпечує підвищення врожайності вівса на 10 %, ячменю – на 15 % залежно від попередника. Виявлено, що більш адаптованим до посушливих умов є овес: він забезпечив на 0,72 т/га (30,9 %) більшу врожайністьпорівняно з ячменем. Кращим попередником для згаданих культур є пшениця озима, вирощування після якої забезпечувало формування врожайностізерна вівса на 10,1 та 18,1 %, а ячменю – на 20,4 та 23,7 % більше, ніж після кукурудзи МВС та соняшника відповідно. The results of studying the influence of the use of fertilizers on crop yield of oats and spring barley in the Northern Steppe. It is established, that a complex application of micro seed treatment and spraying of crops provides increased productivity of oats by 10%, barley – 15% depending on the predecessor. Found that more adapted to arid conditions are oats that provided by 0.72 t per ha (30.9%) higher yield than barley. The best predecessor for these crops are winter wheat, cultivation after which ensured grain yield formation of oats by 10.1 and 18.1%, and barley – by 20.4 and 23.7% more than after maize for forage and sunflower respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of disk tillage on soil condition, crop yield and weed infestation

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
M. Birkás ◽  
T. Szalai ◽  
C. Gyuricza ◽  
M. Gecse ◽  
K. Bordás
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Levels

This research was instigated by the fact that during the last decade annually repeated shallow disk tillage on the same field became frequent practice in Hungary. In order to study the changes of soil condition associated with disk tillage and to assess it is consequences, long-term tillage field experiments with different levels of nutrients were set up in 1991 (A) and in 1994 (B) on Chromic Luvisol at Gödöllö. The effects of disk tillage (D) and disk tillage combined with loosening (LD) on soil condition, on yield of maize and winter wheat, and on weed infestation were examined. The evaluation of soil condition measured by cone index and bulk density indicated that use of disking annually resulted in a dense soil layer below the disking depth (diskpan-compaction). It was found, that soil condition deteriorated by diskpan-compaction decreased the yield of maize significantly by 20 and 42% (w/w), and that of wheat by 13 and 15% (w/w) when compared to soils with no diskpan-compaction. Averaged over seven years, and three fertilizer levels, the cover % of the total, grass and perennial weeds on loosened soils were 73, 69 and 65% of soils contained diskpan-compaction.

scholarly journals Physiological response of flag leaf and yield formation of winter wheat under different spring restrictive irrigation regimes in the Haihe Plain, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2343-2359
Author(s):  
Xue-jing LIU ◽  
Bao-zhong YIN ◽  
Zhao-hui HU ◽  
Xiao-yuan BAO ◽  
Yan-dong WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Yield Formation

scholarly journals Improvement of the photosynthetic activity of Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) through foliar application of a nitrophenolate–based biostimulant

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kocira ◽  
Agnieszka Sujak ◽  
Tomasz Oniszczuk ◽  
Agnieszka Szparaga ◽  
Mariusz Szymanek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Reported Study

Application of biostimulants instigates many physiological processes that enhance nutrition efficiency, abiotic stress tolerance, and quality traits of crops, regardless of their nutrient content. One of such preparations is Atonik which contains nitrophenol compounds naturally occurring in plant cells. Several studies have confirmed its beneficial effect on the growth, development, and improved metabolic activity of plants. Therefore, it seems advisable to investigate the effect of Atonik preparation on the photosynthetic activity of Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). The reported study was carried out in 2014 in Perespa, Poland. Over the growing season, Atonik was foliar-applied at a dose of 0.3 L/ha (0.1%) and 0.6 L/ha (0.2%) by single and double spraying of plants. Chlorophyll content and nitrogen status (N) were estimated by a Chlorophyll Meter SPAD-502 Plus. The foliar application of Atonik was found to improve the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus and chlorophyll content in the leaves of Dracocephalum moldavica plants, but the results were dependent on biostimulant concentration and number of its applications, and on the date of measurement. To conclude, Atonik is an environmental-friendly preparation which has a positive impact on the metabolic processes of plants.

Perennial Vine Control in Multiple Cropping Systems on a Clay Soil

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dennis Elmore ◽  
Larry G. Heatherly ◽  
Richard A. Wesley
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Multiple Cropping ◽  
Established Population

An area of a shrink-swell clay soil (Tunica clay, Vertic Haplaquept) with an established population of redvine, trumpetcreeper, honeyvine milkweed, redberry moonseed, and maypop passionflower was treated with dicamba once in the fall of 1983. The effect on perennial vines was determined for the following 4 yr in three rotational cropping systems involving winter wheat, soybean, corn, and sorghum, all with and without irrigation. Dicamba reduced the population of perennial vines 80% over 4 yr. Redvine and trumpetcreeper, the first and second most abundant species, were reduced by over 83 and 76%, respectively. Yield of soybean increased 17% in 1985 and 1987 while corn yield increased 9% in 1986 with dicamba use. In 1984 no effects on crop yield were measured. This inconsistent crop yield reponse after dicamba treatment, even though perennial vines were suppressed, must be considered in evaluating the economics of using dicamba for perennial vine control.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF FLAG LEAVES AND AWNS IN THE FORMATION OF WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY (REVIEW)

2018 ◽  
pp. 32-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Gromova ◽  
P. I. Kostylev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Yield ◽  
Yield Formation

The article presents the results of the conducted analysis of research works about the effect of size of flag leaves and awns on winter wheat productivity. The genetic potential of the variety, which can be realized on the basis of its biologic characteristics largely influences on its productivity. Productivity is a complex trait that is controlled by a complex genetic system closely connected with many factors of environment. The size and duration of assimilation surface are the most important components of biologic and agricultural yield of wheat. Many researchers showed that the amount and duration of photosynthesis by leaf surface are the main factors limiting productivity in the definite conditions of growing, and the size of leaf surface correlates with grain productivity. Photosynthetic parts of winter wheat include not only leaves, but also stems, heads, awns, etc. The conducted analysis of the literature showed that there is no consensus on the effect of flag leaves on wheat yield formation. Therefore it’s necessary to fulfill the study and evaluation of the part of flag leaves and awns in the formation of winter soft wheat productivity in the Rostov region.

scholarly journals Responses of pea (Pisum sativum L.) to the rising atmospheric concentration of carbon-dioxide

2017 ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
András Tamás ◽  
Ágnes Törő ◽  
Tamás Rátonyi ◽  
Endre Harsányi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels

The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide increases from decade to decade in increasing pace. In 1957, atmospheric carbon dioxide levels were around 315 ppm, while in 2012 it amounted to 394.49 ppm concentration. In parallel, the global temperature is rising,which is projected to average 1.5–4.5 °C. The carbon dioxide concentration is a key factor – in interaction with the light – affects the plant's photosynthesis. Among the various factors significant interactions prevail: environmental factors affect - the growth and the development of plants, leaf area size and composition, the function of the photosynthetic apparatus, the duration of growing season.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of pigment complex functioning of winter wheat plants depending on the fertilizer application method

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Z. Bilousova ◽  
◽  
V. Keneva ◽  
Y. Klipakova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foliar Treatment ◽  
Pigment Complex

To obtain the maximum yield of winter wheat, it is necessary to further optimize the existing cultivation technologies in the direction of their adaptation to changing environmental conditions. One of the areas of adaptation of plants to adverse abiotic factors is the active functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus, which depends on the amount of nutrients introduced. The influence of fertilizer application on the condition of the pigment complex of winter wheat plants in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine has been studied. Two varieties of winter wheat were selected for the study: Shestopalivka and Mason. The experiment scheme involved the application of fertilizers at sowing (K0; K12) and foliar treatment with various tank mixtures (urea; urea + magnesium sulfate; urea + magnesium sulfate + potassium monophosphate). The pigment content has been determined by grinding fresh leaves of winter wheat, followed by the addition of a solvent in the form of acetone. Measurements of pigments were performed using a spectrophotometer. According to the research results, it was established that before the foliar treatment the a-chlorophyll content and carotenoids was higher in the plant leaves of the Shestopalivka variety. At the same time, the b-chlorophyll content on the contrary was higher for plants of the Mason variety by 17%, which may be due to the adaptation of plants of this variety to lack of light. On the 3rd day after foliar treatment, a decrease in the pigment content in the plant leaves of all experimental variants has been observed, which was due to the active growth of the photosynthetic surface and a decrease in the total dry matter mass. There was no significant difference between the varieties of the content of photosynthetic pigments in this period. On the 10th day after foliar treatment, an increase in a- and b-chlorophyll content has been observed for both studied varieties, which may be the result of adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus of winter wheat plants to lighting conditions. Foliar treatment of winter wheat plants with a tank mixture of urea with magnesium sulfate and potassium monophosphate contributed to a further increase in the content of a-chlorophyll by 12-23%, and b-chlorophyll by 5-37% depending on the variety compared to the control. The results of the research testify to the high efficiency of complex application of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers for foliar treatment of winter wheat plants in the BBCH 31 stage, both against the background of pre-sowing application of potassium fertilizers and without it.

scholarly journals Yield of winter wheat using complex fertilizers based on amino acids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.V. Semenyuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat

In a three-year field study, the effect of liquid complex organomineral fertilizers based on amino acids on the yield of soft winter wheat was studied. The early leaf treatment of crops with “Polydon Amino Plus” and “Polydon Amino Mix” fertilizers increased the crop yield by 9.3 % and 11.9 %, respectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document