scholarly journals TECHNOLOGY OF APPLE COMPOTE PRODUCTION FOR BABY FOOD WITH A HIGH CONTENT OF NATURAL INGREDIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 941 (1) ◽  
pp. 012014
Author(s):  
M.E. Akhmedov ◽  
A.F. Demirova ◽  
M.M. Rakhmanova ◽  
F.S. Asimova ◽  
I.A. Hajibeyova

Abstract The most promising direction of improving food technologies for baby food is the use of new technical solutions that ensure maximum preservation of natural ingredients contained in the initial plant raw materials in the finished product. To do this, instead of the traditional process of blanching in water, microwave blanching is proposed directly in glass jars in microwave EMF (ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic field) with a frequency of 2400 MHz for 1.5 minutes, after which syrup is poured at a temperature level of 980C, prepared with the addition of infusion extracted from secondary products, followed by sealing of cans and sterilization according to a new gentle sterilization regime with a preliminary increase in the temperature level of the semi-finished product by processing it in microwave EMF before sealing cans, for 1.5 min.

2021 ◽  
Vol 938 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
M.M. Rakhmanova ◽  
M.E. Akhmedov ◽  
A.F. Demirova ◽  
Z.A. Abdulkhalikov ◽  
N.G. Zagirov

Abstract The enterprises processing plant raw materials generate a fairly large amount of waste (secondary products), which can play an important role in solving food, environmental, and energy problems. This work improves the technology for the production of canned quince compote using a two-stage microwave heating of fruits and fruits filled with syrup prepared from infusion obtained from secondary products of cutting and peeling. It has been established that two-stage heating of fruits and microwave treatment of fruits filled with syrup in a glass jar promote an increase in the initial temperature of the product in the jars before sealing and thereby reduces the heat treatment modes. The infusion obtained from the secondary products of the heat-treated fruits provides a significant increase of biologically active components in the finished product. The experimental studies were used to construct a mathematical model for calculating the initial temperature of the product before sterilization, which makes it possible to establish intensive pasteurization modes. New modes of pasteurization of quince compote in various containers have been established. Physicochemical studies confirm the high quality of the finished product in terms of the content of biologically active components.


2021 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Владимир Владимирович Кондратенко ◽  
Андрей Николаевич Петров ◽  
Любовь Карповна Пацюк ◽  
Мария Викторовна Лукьяненко ◽  
Елена Сергеевна Симоненко

В условиях прогрессирующей динамики заболеваний, связанных с нарушением структуры питания детей, в большей степени старшего школьного возраста, актуальным является производство полуфабрикатов для мучных кондитерских изделий или новых продуктов коллоидной степени дисперсности пониженной сахароемкости с максимальным сохранением физиологически важных компонентов. Перспективным технологическим способом воздействия на растительное фруктовое и овощное сырье представляется коллапсирующая акустическая кавитация. Однако для оценки применимости данного способа обработки необходимо оценить его влияние на безопасность получаемых в процессе коллапсирующей кавитационной обработки продуктов. Основными возможными отрицательными эффектами указанной обработки являются эрозионные процессы материала волновода и рабочей камеры и потенциал образования свободных радикалов. В результате аналитического исследования получены возможные решения поставленных задач. Решением ингибирования окислительных процессов физиологически важных компонентов растительного сырья в процессе коллапсирующей кавитационной обработки может быть внесение редокс-лабильных не являющихся базовыми нутриентами и имеющими со свободными радикалами большее сродство. Для решения минимизации или полного исключения эрозионных процессов, сопутствующих кавитационной обработке, требуется выполнение двух условий одновременно: исполнение геометрии рабочей поверхности волновода, обеспечивающее удаление фокуса ультразвукового излучения, и создание новых материалов для изготовления рабочей поверхности волновода и рабочей камеры, обладающих повышенной стойкостью по отношению к вторичным явлениям, протекающим при воздействии коллапсирующей ультразвуковой кавитации. Несмотря на то, что вопрос создания износостойкого материала на данный момент остается открытым, в мировой практике известны разработки, ведущиеся в этом направлении, что открывает широкие перспективы применения кавитационной обработки в технологиях приготовления продуктов для детского питания. In conditions of progressive dynamics of diseases associated with violation of the nutritional structure of children, to a greater extent of senior school age, the production of semi-finished products for flour confectionery products or new products of a colloidal degree of dispersion of reduced sugar capacity with maximum preservation of physiologically important components is relevant. A promising technological method of affecting plant fruit and vegetable raw materials is collapse acoustic cavitation. However, in order to evaluate the applicability of this treatment method, it is necessary to evaluate its effect on the safety of products obtained during the collapse cavitation treatment process. The main possible negative effects of this treatment are erosion processes of the waveguide material and the working chamber and the potential for the formation of free radicals. As a result of the analytical study, possible solutions to the tasks were obtained. The solution to inhibit the oxidative processes of physiologically important components of plant raw materials in the process of collapse cavitation treatment can be the introduction of redox-labile non-basic nutrients and more affinity for free radicals. To solve minimizing or completely eliminating erosion processes accompanying cavitation processing, two conditions are required at the same time: the design of the geometry of the working surface of the waveguide, which ensures the removal of the focus of ultrasonic radiation and the creation of new materials for the production of the working surface of the waveguide and the working chamber, which have increased resistance to secondary phenomena occurring when subjected to collapse ultrasonic cavitation. Despite the fact that the issue of creating a wear-resistant material remains open at the moment, developments in this direction are known in world practice, which opens up wide prospects for the use of cavitation processing in the technology of preparing food for baby food.


2021 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Сатрудин Батталович Батталов ◽  
Магомед-Расул Абдусаламович Казиев ◽  
Мафият Магомедовна Рахманова ◽  
Магомед Эминович Ахмедов

Плодам, ягодам и продуктам их переработки принадлежит исключительная роль как богатейшим природным источникам витаминов-антиоксидантов. В работе представлены результаты исследований по изучению биохимического состава сортов и гибридов дагестанского абрикоса и совершенствованию технологии переработки их в консервированные компоты. Дагестан по своим природно-климатическим условиям является основной зоной промышленной культуры абрикоса в Российской Федерации, площади под которыми занимают более 3 тыс. га. Выявлены сорта плодов абрикоса с высокими товарно-технологическими показателями. Выполнены исследования традиционного стерилизационного режима, которые подтвердили характерные недостатки. Разработан и предложен высокотемпературный стерилизационный режим, который обеспечивает сокращение продолжительности тепловой обработки и повышение пищевой ценности. Разработанный режим стерилизации обеспечивает сохранение витамина С в готовом продукте на 1,4 мг/% выше, чем традиционный режим. Полученные результаты представляют интерес для реализации на предприятиях по переработке растительного сырья. Fruits and berries and their processed products play an exceptional role as the richest natural sources of vitamins-antioxidants. The paper presents the results of research on the study of the biochemical composition of varieties and hybrids of Dagestan apricot and improving the technology of processing them into canned compotes. Dagestan, according to its natural and climatic conditions, is the main zone of industrial apricot cultivation in the Russian Federation, the area under which occupies more than 3 thousand hectares. Varieties of apricot fruits with high commodity and technological indicators were identified. Studies of the traditional sterilization regime were carried out, which confirmed the characteristic shortcomings. A high-temperature sterilization mode of sterilization has been developed and proposed, which reduces the duration of heat treatment and increases the nutritional value. The developed sterilization mode ensures the preservation of vitamin C in the finished product by 1.4 mg/% higher than the traditional mode. The results obtained are of interest for implementation at plants processing plant raw materials.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2(26) ◽  
pp. 41-61
Author(s):  
O.N. Bakhchevnikov ◽  
◽  
A.V. Braginets ◽  

The issues of disinfection of raw materials for feed production by the method of ozonation were considered in the review. Ozonation could be a universal method of plant raw materials disinfection in agricultural enterprises and formula-feed plants. A research objective is to generalize and analyze scientific publications devoted to the feed raw materials disinfection by ozone, as well as to clarify information on rational parameters of such type of disinfection and its effect on the quality of feed. Moreover, we assessed the possibility of further use of ozonation in the production process. For the research of the subject, we searched and selected scientific articles published from 2005 to 2020 and conducted a systematic review. Ozonation was found to be an effective method for feed decontamination that destroys pathogenic bacteria and fungi. This method is also used to detoxify feed and control pest insects. Ozonation is not yet widely used in agricultural production and formula-feed industry to ensure the biological safety of feed raw materials. Additional research aimed at improving the efficiency of ozonation by standardization of parameters for its implementation to ensure the broadest possible application of the method under study should be carried out. The development of technical solutions that increase the diffusion of gaseous ozone will significantly increase the safety and preservation of raw materials. Rational values of ozone concentration, processing time, etc., for each type of raw materials, as well as for mycotoxins, pesticides, microorganisms and insects, including different stages of their growth and development, should be defined. Special attention should be also focused on the study of the complex efficiency of ozonation concerning several pathogenic factors.


Author(s):  
Chernichkina A.D.

A large number of biologically active substances, organic acids, tannins, and pectin substances were detected during the study of fruits, leaves, and pulp of the fruits of mountain Ash. The content of these substances in leaves and pulp will significantly expand the arsenal of medicinal plant raw materials used. Given the wide distribution of mountain Ash in the territory of the Russian Federation, harvesting leaves from the same plants after harvesting the fruit and using pulp will make it possible to obtain new phytopreparations.


Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.


2020 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Luferov

The article provides brief information about cardiotonic, sedative, cytostatic, diuretic, and antibacterial effects of biologically active compounds of Adonis L. (Ranunculaceae) species. Chemical studies allowed to identify the cardiac glycosides, or cardenolides: or cardenolides: adontoxin, adonitol, adonitoxigenin, acetyldigitoxin and others. In scientific medicine, it is currently allowed to use Adonis vernalis L. Other types of Adonis have a similar chemical composition and are offered as substitutes for this official species, for example, Adonis apennina L. Many Adonis species have limited natural resources, and in some regions are rare, requiring conservation of their natural populations. The search for alternative sources of medicinal plant raw materials, based on this, is relevant. The experimental part of our research was carried out using the morphological and geographical method with the involvement of information on ecology and phenology. For the first time summarizes the diagnostic features of Adonis flora of Russian flora. Previously unknown structural features (shape and size of anthers) were identified that characterize the subgenera Adonanthe and Adonis. Taxonomic study of the genus Adonis of the Russian flora allowed us to determine its species composition, clarify its systematic affiliation, and nomenclature synonyms. 9 species were identified. Of these, 6 are perennials belonging to the subgenus Adonanthe, section Consiligo, which includes 2 subsections: Amurenses (2 species) and Vernales, which is differentiated into 2 rows: Apenninae (2 species) and Vernales (2 species). Subgenus Adonis is represented by 2 sections: Adonis (1 species) and Lophocarpa with sections Aestivales (1 species) and Dentatae (1 species). For all the considered species and varieties, the main distribution areas are given. A key has been compiled to determine the wild Adonis species distributed in Russia.


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