scholarly journals TLC-based fingerprinting for Phyllanthus niruri from diverse geographical origins in East and Central Java Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012003
Author(s):  
K Kartini ◽  
W A Wulandari ◽  
N I E Jayani ◽  
F Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Chemical Similarity ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Crude Drugs ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract Phyllanthus niruri L. (meniran), the member of Euphorbiaceae, is a medicinal plant that is commonly found in tropical and sub-tropical areas such as Asia, America, and China. Various factors such as environment, geographical location, harvest time, and post-harvest process can affect the quality of crude drugs produced from P. niruri. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of meniran herbs obtained from 15 geographical origins in East and Central Java, Indonesia using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) profiles analyzed by chemometrics. TLC was carried out using TLC plate Si Gel 60 GF254 as stationary phase; toluene, ethyl acetate, methanol, 85% formic acid (75:25:25:6) as mobile phase; and visualized using NP/PEG Reagent. The results showed TLC-fingerprinting combined with chemometric (PCA and CA) analyses were able to discriminate the origin of P. niruri from different geographical origins. P. niruri from 15 locations of East and Central Java Indonesia were classified into 5 groups based on their chemical similarity. The samples that are grouped in one cluster have the similar quality of chemical compounds, while the samples in different clusters also have different qualities.

Primary Phytochemical Evaluation of P. oleracea and P. quadrifida

2021 ◽  
pp. 3789-3793
Author(s):  
T. P. Dugawale ◽  
C.C. Khanwelkar ◽  
P.P. Durgawale
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Quality Assurance Procedure ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Recent Interest ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Crude Drugs ◽  
Primary Evaluation ◽  
Layer Chromatography

P. oleracea and P. quadrifida are closely related species belonging to family Portulaceae. They are found in almost parts of the globe growing as neglected weed. However, recent interest in these plants owing to their palatable sour taste and health benefits have made them acceptable as cultivable plants and potted herbs. Even though numerous studies indicate the presence of pharmacological compounds in these plants, reports on quality assurance practices followed for evaluating these plants as crude drugs have not been detailed. In this study, the plant species were harvested as weed, authenticated, extracted using different solvents and extraction techniques. The extracts were then evaluated and studied for their primary phytochemical composition. This was followed by isolation of beta sitosterol using thin layer chromatography and column chromatography. The results indicate the presence all major classes of phytochemicals such as steroids, flavanoids, alkaloids, saponins, polysaccharides, and tannins. The percentage yield, extractive values, ash values, moisture content were calculated for both the species. The isolation of beta-sitosterol may be used as a quality assurance procedure. The data presented in this study may be further used by researchers for primary evaluation of quality of crude drugs in the form of P. oleracea and P. quadrifida plants.

scholarly journals TABLET FORMULATION FROM MENIRAN (PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI L.) EXTRACT WITH DIRECT COMPRESSION METHOD

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Resmi Mustarichie ◽  
Dradjad Priambodo
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽  
Magnesium Stearate ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Compression Method ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Quality Testing ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Objective: The aim of the present study was to obtain an optimized formula of meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) extract tablets that fulfilled the requirements as a good pharmaceutical preparation based on Indonesian Pharmacopoeia IV and USP XVII.Methods: P. niruri plant was collected and determined at the Laboratory of Plant Taxonomy, Universitas Padjadjaran. First performed phytochemical screening to determine the content of secondary metabolites. Then designed five kinds of tablet formulas of P. niruri extract using a direct compressed method with a variation of concentration of filler. Each formula contains a similar concentration of P. niruri extract as the active ingredient, avicel PH 102 and amprotab with varying concentrations as filler, talcum, and magnesium stearate as a lubricant and Aerosil®200 vv as an adsorbent. Tablet print mass and quality of the resulting tablets were then evaluated. Also, check whether the resulting tablets still contain P. niruri extract as the active substance or not.Results: The results of phytochemical screening of simplicia and viscous plant extract showed the presence of alkaloids, polyphenols, tannins, and flavonoids as secondary metabolites. The five formulas made contain avicel PH 102 and amprotab as binders and crushers and the expected results such as shape and durability as desired. The results of examination of shrinkage rate of mass drying of tablet prints from the above five formulas indicated an increase of value from formula A (5.4609 %) to formula E (5.8600%). This was because avicel PH 102 and amprotab had a considerable moisture content, so with the combination of both fillers could increase the water content from mass print tablets. Real density, compact density, and true density decreased from formula A to formula E. The amount of these densities were influenced by the shape and size of the particles. Flowability increased from formula A (23.7124°) to formula E (26.4210°) whereas compressibility increased from formula A (21.7222%) to formula E (29,4121%). Flowability and compressibility increase might be due to the uniformity of the particle size between the amprotabs and the other additives which could cause electrical charges to the print mass affecting the speed and flow of the print mass. All quality testing results including Weight (mg), Thickness (mm), Diameter (mm), Hardness (N), Friability (%) and Disintegration time (min.) had met the requirements. Thin Layer Chromatography showed that the resulting tablets still contain P. niruri extract as the active substance.Conclusion:. Overall results showed that the formulation fulfilled the requirements as a good pharmaceutical preparation based on Indonesian Pharmacopoeia IV and USP XVII.

Model Pemberdayaan Usaha Mikro Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kemandirian Usaha

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
Mudasetia Hamid ◽  
Evy Rosalina Widyayanti
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Cultural Centers ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Tourism Education ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The City

Yogyakarta is a city and the capital of Yogyakarta Special Region in Java, Indonesia. It is renowned as a center of tourism, education and culture. Yogyakarta is one of the foremost cultural centers of Java. This region is located at the foot of the active merapi vulcano. Yogyakarta is often called the main gateway to the Central Java as where it is geographically located. It stretches from Mount Merapi to the Indian Ocean. This province is one of the most densely populated areas of Indonesia. Yogyakarta is popular tourist destination in indonesia after Bali. These have attracted large number of visitors from across Indonesia and abroad to the city. This status makes Yogyakarta is one of the most heterogeneus cities in Indonesia. In edition, Yogyakarta has attracted large number of people to reside in this city for business. One of these comers is small entrepreneurs with their market munchies enterprise (specially a traditional snack trader). This business is one of famous business in Yogyakarta, we will find rows of pavement vendors selling market munchies. The students and tourists are their main target customers. Market munchies enterprise is part of small and medium enterprises SMEs as livelihood activities. SMEs has an important role in economic growth of Indonesia. Therefore, it is very important to develop and strengthen the micro enterprise empowerment. Micro enterprise empowerment is one of strategy to reduce the poverty rate in Indonesia. Major challenger in implement this program are that micro entrepreneurs are conventional and have satisfied with their revenue. It is very important to develop a comprehensive and sustainable micro enterprise empowerment which consist of strengthen the quality of human resources, maximize the government’s roles, empower the enterprise capital and strengthen the partnership and autonomous. Micro enterprise autonomy will contribute to the economic and investment climate. This will lead to establish an accountable enterprise both for the micro enterprise and customers which at the end will strengthen the development of the micro enterprise in Yogyakarta.Keyword: micro entreprise, human resources, government roles, capital, partnership and autonomous.

Quality of Carrots Grown for Processing as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization and Harvest Term

2009 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Gajewski ◽  
Zenon Węglarz ◽  
Anna Sereda ◽  
Marta Bajer ◽  
Agnieszka Kuczkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Carrot Juice ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Colour Parameters ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Nitrates Content

Quality of Carrots Grown for Processing as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilization and Harvest TermIn 2007-2008 the effect of nitrogen fertilization and harvest term on quality of two carrot cultivars was investigated. The field experiment was carried out in Żelazna Experimental Station of Warsaw University of Life Sciences. Karotan F1and Trafford F1cultivars, commonly grown for juice industry, were the objects of the experiment. Carrot seeds were sown at the beginning of May. Nitrogen fertilization was applied in five rates, ranged from 0 to 120 kg·ha-1and in two terms — before sowing and in the middle of growing season. Roots were harvested in three terms: mid-September, mid-October and the first decade of November. After harvest there were determined: nitrates (NO3) content in carrot roots and juice, soluble solids, colour parameters of juice in CIE L*a*b*system. The dose and the term of nitrogen fertilization influenced nitrates content in carrots, and the highest NO3concentration was found in carrots fertilized with 120 kg·ha-1of N before sowing. Karotan showed higher nitrates accumulation than Trafford. The content of nitrates in the roots was markedly higher than in carrot juice. Nitrates content in carrots decreased with delaying of harvest time, in opposite to soluble solids content. Soluble solids content and colour parameters of carrot juice were not affected by nitrogen fertilization, but the lowest L*, a*and b*values were observed at the last term of harvest.

Comparative Pharmacognostic, Physicochemical and Phytochemical Studies of Different Samples of Plumbago zeylanica L. Roots

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Jain ◽  
Mohan Lal Kori
Keyword(s):  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Plumbago Zeylanica ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Crude Drugs ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the quality of the marketed and self collected samples of Plumbago zeylanica L. roots on the standardization parameters. This study is planned mainly to confirm changes with quality of drug. Now a day’s more demand of herbal drugs for disease treatment, lack of knowledge of proper methodology and availability are promoting the practices of adulteration and substitution. Thus, the standardization of the plant crude drugs is necessary to maintain their therapeutic efficacy. Comparative studies were carried out to evaluate the standards of P. zeylanica L. with emphasis on organoleptic evaluation, physicochemical and phytochemical analysis. Samples were procured from local market and self collected to determine the qualitative and quantitative variations. The result indicates that self collected sample showed significant results with comparison to marketed sample.

Pembuatan Pilot Project Pengolahan Air Limbah Industri Rambut Palsu dengan Sistem Lumpur Aktif

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Sri Moertinah ◽  
Misbachul Moenir
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Industrial Waste Water ◽  
Microbial Adaptation ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Electricity Costs

This study aims to create a pilot project for wastewater treatment wig industry with biological activated sludge technology to applied in the industry. Design criteria for the pilot project are the influent COD ≤ 900 mg/l, MLSS = 3,000 mg/l, 30-hours residence time. DO ≥ 2 mg/l and flow 10 m3/day. Implementation of a pilot project initiated by seeding aerobic microbes and microbial adaptation to proceed with wastewater to be treated. The trial results showed that the pilot project % COD reduction ranged from 73.2% - 91% and the result is not much different from the results of laboratory-scale research about 89.7% and the quality  of the effluent is already fullfill the standard of industrial waste water wig required by the Central Java Provincial Regulation No. 5 of 2012. The calculation of operating cost of activated sludge biological treatment which includes labor costs, electricity costs, equipment maintenance costs, expenses and other nutrients obtained the price of  Rp. 2972/m3 or Rp. 742.99/wig.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat pilot project pengolahan air limbah industri rambut palsu dengan sistem lumpur aktif yang diterapkan di industri. Kriteria desain pilot project tersebut adalah COD influen ≤ 900 mg/l, MLSS = 3.000 mg/l, waktu tinggal 30 jam DO≥2 mg/l  dan debit air limbah 10 m3/hari. Pelaksanaan pilot project dimulai dengan seeding mikroba aerob dan dilanjutkan dengan adaptasi mikroba dengan air limbah yang akan diolah. Hasil uji coba pilot project menunjukkan bahwa % penurunan COD berkisar antara 73,2% - 91% dan hasil ini tidak berbeda jauh dengan hasil penelitian skala laboratorium sekitar 89,7% dan kualitas air limbah hasil pengolahan sudah memenuhi baku mutu air limbah industri rambut palsu yang dipersyaratkan oleh Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Jawa Tengah No 5 tahun 2012. Dari hasil perhitungan biaya operasional pengolahan biologis lumpur aktif yang meliputi biaya tenaga kerja, biaya listrik, biaya perawatan peralatan, biaya nutrien dan lainnya diperoleh harga sebesar Rp. 2972/m3  atau Rp. 742,99/wig.   Kata kunci : air limbah industri rambut palsu, pilot project, sistem lumpur aktif

Relevant Factors in Increasing School Principals' Entrepreneurship for Improving Students 'Achievements

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-75
Author(s):  
Bambang Ismanto ◽  
Lasmono Tri Sunaryanto ◽  
Gatot Sasongko
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Creative Behavior ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Rank And Tenure ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Improving Student Achievement ◽  
Positive Effect

Entrepreneurship of principals in the educational environment to enhance students' creative behavior and achievements through innovation and the development of learning methods is very important. The principal has the task of managing resources and taking advantage of opportunities in improving the quality of education. This study aims to discuss the significant variables in increasing entrepreneurship principals. The study uses a quantitative approach with path analysis. The research sample was 334 Principals of Kindergarten, Elementary, Middle and High Schools in Central Java Province. Data collection was carried out by studying documentation and questionnaires. Data analysis was performed by path analysis with the AMOS program. The results showed that the rank and tenure as a teacher had a positive and significant effect on the tenure as a principal. While the use of social media has a significant negative effect. Of the various independent variables observed, only the existence of opportunities that had a significant positive effect on the ability of innovation of the principal. While the variables that significantly influence the development of learning methods are the ability of innovation and the presence of opportunities. The development of learning methods and the existence of opportunities will subsequently have a positive effect on improving student achievement, as the ultimate goal of developing entrepreneurship by the principal. Pathways to improve the entrepreneurship of principals are the existence of opportunities, tenure as principal, innovation and the development of instructional media. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Principal, Inovation. Creativity,

scholarly journals A Machine Vision Rapid Method to Determine the Ripeness Degree of Olive Lots

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 2940
Author(s):  
Luciano Ortenzi ◽  
Simone Figorilli ◽  
Corrado Costa ◽  
Federico Pallottino ◽  
Simona Violino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Vision ◽  
Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Automatic Assessment ◽  
K Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Olive Ripeness ◽  
Olive Ripening

The degree of olive maturation is a very important factor to consider at harvest time, as it influences the organoleptic quality of the final product, for both oil and table use. The Jaén index, evaluated by measuring the average coloring of olive fruits (peel and pulp), is currently considered to be one of the most indicative methods to determine the olive ripening stage, but it is a slow assay and its results are not objective. The aim of this work is to identify the ripeness degree of olive lots through a real-time, repeatable, and objective machine vision method, which uses RGB image analysis based on a k-nearest neighbors classification algorithm. To overcome different lighting scenarios, pictures were subjected to an automatic colorimetric calibration method—an advanced 3D algorithm using known values. To check the performance of the automatic machine vision method, a comparison was made with two visual operator image evaluations. For 10 images, the number of black, green, and purple olives was also visually evaluated by these two operators. The accuracy of the method was 60%. The system could be easily implemented in a specific mobile app developed for the automatic assessment of olive ripeness directly in the field, for advanced georeferenced data analysis.

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