scholarly journals Application of local microbes increases growth and yield of several local upland rice cultivars of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
T Wijayanto ◽  
D Boer ◽  
A Aco ◽  
N Mu’min ◽  
A Khaeruni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Food Needs

Abstract Rice is the major food commodity in Indonesia and many other countries, as the main source of carbohydrate. Rice production must be increased continuously to meet food needs, one of which is by utilizing largely available dry land areas. Two important factors required to increase rice production on marginal soils are the use of high-production adaptive varieties and biological agents. It is necessary to conduct research on the application of local microbes to the cultivation of upland rice cultivars, with the aim to determine the best genotypes and/or suitable microbes. This research was carried out at the Research Field and laboratories of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Halu Oleo, from April 2020 to April 2021. The first tested factor was biological agents (local microbes), consisting of three levels, namely: without microbes (M0), the fungus Trichoderma sp. (M1), and the bacteria Pseudomonas sp. (M2). The second factor was the upland rice cultivar, which consisted of five levels, namely: V1 (Tinangge cultivar), V2 (Enggalaru cultivar), V3 (Bakala cultivar), V4 (Momea cultivar), and 1 nasional variety, namely V5 (Inpago-12 variety), as check variety. The research results showed that the interaction between local microbes Trichoderma sp. (M1) and Pseudomonas sp. (M2) on Tinangge (V1) and Momea (V4) cultivars gave a better effect on crop production. The best cultivar based on the growth and yield variables was generally obtained from the Momea cultivar (V4), although in many variables it was not significantly different from the Tinangge cultivar (V1). These cultivars could be further studied and possibly developed for promising cultivars in Kendari areas.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilizer Induced Alterations in The Root Proteome of Two Rice Cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tang ◽  
Sun ◽  
Chen ◽  
Damaris ◽  
Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
Proteomic Approach

Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for plants and a key limiting factor of crop production. However, excessive application of N fertilizers and the low nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) have brought in severe damage to the environment. Therefore, improving NUE is urgent and critical for the reductions of N fertilizer pollution and production cost. In the present study, we investigated the effects of N nutrition on the growth and yield of the two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, conventional rice Huanghuazhan and indica hybrid rice Quanliangyou 681, which were grown at three levels of N fertilizer (including 135, 180 and 225 kg/hm2, labeled as N9, N12, N15, respectively). Then, a proteomic approach was employed in the roots of the two rice cultivars treated with N fertilizer at the level of N15. A total of 6728 proteins were identified, among which 6093 proteins were quantified, and 511 differentially expressed proteins were found in the two rice cultivars after N fertilizer treatment. These differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in ammonium assimilation, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, signal transduction, energy production/regulation, material transport, and stress/defense response. Together, this study provides new insights into the regulatory mechanism of nitrogen fertilization in cereal crops.

scholarly journals Responses of Upland Rice cv Inpago LIPI Go4 to Microbial Inoculant and Nitrogen Fertilization Dosage Treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Reni Lestari ◽  
Kartika Ning Tyas ◽  
Arief Noor Rachmadiyanto ◽  
Didi Usmadi ◽  
Mahatma Gandhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Microbial Inoculant ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Two Factors

There is a huge potential of upland for developing food crops to shortage the increase in rice production in Indonesia. Upland rice that adaptable to dry land could support national rice production. Among the limit factors of upland rice productivity in Indonesia are infertile land and cultivation practices. The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of microbial inoculant application combined with nitrogen (N) fertilizer dosage to the cultivation of upland rice Inpago LIPI Go4. The factorial experimental design with two factors was applied, namely the supply of microbial inoculant and the dosage of N fertilizer and, i.e., 0%, 50%, 100% N (200 kg ha-1 Urea). The inoculant comprises of Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride, and Azotobacter. Each treatment combination was repeated four times. The microbial inoculant treatment solely effects significantly plant height, tiller number, and panicle weight of the upland rice, whereas N dosage treatment solely influences significantly plant height and tiller number. There was no interaction significant effect of microbial inoculant and N fertilizer dosage to all growth, production, and content of leaf N parameters. The maximum production of the upland rice was 4499 kg ha-1, whereas the average production was 3816 kg ha-1 grain weight. The highest yield was obtained from the plant with the supply of microbial inoculant and the treatment of 50% N fertilizer (100 kg ha-1 Urea).

scholarly journals Agronomic and genetic approaches for enhancing tolerance to heat stress in rice: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 12501
Author(s):  
Adnan RASHEED ◽  
Mahmoud F. SELEIMAN ◽  
Muhammad NAWAZ ◽  
Athar MAHMOOD ◽  
Muhammad RIZWAN ANWAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Transgenic Breeding ◽  
Selection Of

Rice is an important cereal crop worldwide that serves as a dietary component for half of the world’s population. Climate change, especially global warming is a rising threat to crop production and food security. Therefore, enhancing rice growth and yield is a crucial challenge in stress-prone environments. Frequent episodes of heat stress threaten rice production all over the world. Breeders and agronomists undertake several techniques to ameliorate the adverse effects of heat stress to safeguard global rice production. The selection of suitable sowing time application of plant hormones, osmoprotectants and utilization of appropriate fertilizers and signaling molecules are essential agronomic practices to mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress on rice. Likewise, developing genotypes with improved morphological, biochemical, and genetic attributes is feasible and practical way to respond to this challenge. The creation of more genetic recombinants and the identification of traits responsible for heat tolerance could allow the selection of early-flowering cultivars with resistance to heat stress. This review details the integration of several agronomic, conventional breeding, and molecular approaches like hybridization, pure line selection, master-assisted-selection (MAS), transgenic breeding and CRRISPR/Cas9 that promise rapid and efficient development and selection of heat-tolerant rice genotypes. Such information’s could be used to determine the future research directions for rice breeders and other researchers working to improve the heat tolerance in rice.

scholarly journals Evaluation of physiological traits in upland rice for adaptation to no-tillage system

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre B. Heinemann ◽  
Luís Fernando Stone ◽  
Nand K. Fageria ◽  
Lucas M. de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Early Vigor

In the cerrado region of Brazil, no-tillage is an alternative management practice to conserve soil and reduce cost of crop production. However, many studies have been showed that there is a decrease in the yield when upland rice is cropped in this system. Therefore, there is a need that new breeding initiatives introgress favorable traits into upland rice for no-tillage adaptation. Key traits include faster emergence, ability to germinate when deep seeded, faster root development, and early canopy closure during the vegetative stages. All those traits can be summarized as "early vigor". So, the objective of this study was to evaluate physiological traits of four contrasting parental upland rice cultivars to verify their adaptation to no-tillage system. A greenhouse experiment with four upland rice cultivars (BRS Primavera, BRS Curinga, BRS Soberana, and Douradão) were planted at three different dates and growth at potential conditions. Development stages, total dry matter, leaf area, leaf dry matter, leaf length, leaf elongation rate and leaf duration were measured and calculated. Based on physiological traits, the four cultivars showed differences in the growth cycle. However, for biomass and leaf area growth and leaf expansion traits they did not differ significantly, probably being the lack of genetic "early vigor" a characteristic of the modern cultivars. The growth and development pattern was significantly affected by planting dates and not by cultivars.

scholarly journals Response of Some Rice Cultivars in New Opening Paddy Fields with High Fe2+ Using Multi-packet Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-244
Author(s):  
M Zulman Harja Utama ◽  
Ismed Wahidi ◽  
. Sunadi
Keyword(s):  
Rice Yield ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The main obstacle to increase rice yield in new opening paddy fields, is that high levels of dissolved ferrous ions(Fe2+) which toxic to plants. This research aimed to study the growth and yield of several rice cultivars tolerant toFe2+ in the new opening paddy fields with multi-packet technology. The experiment was conducted from April toDecember 2010, at the new opening pay fields in Koto Baru of Dharmasraya District, West Sumatra. Experimentsused a factorial in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The first factor was, selected ricevarieties which were: Krueng Aceh; IR 36; Tukad Balian; Ciherang; and Cisokan. The second factor was thedifferent plant spacing which were a 30 × 30 cm with two seeds per hole, and Plant spacing (10 × 10) × 30 × (10 × 10)cm with one seed per hole. The rice cultivation with packet technology can improved the growth and yield of paddyrice cultivated in new opening paddy field high in Fe2+. Technology package consisting a combination of ricevariety (Krueng Aceh, IR36, and Tukad Balian) + SRI system + peat amelioran 20 Mg ha-1 + plant spacing (10 × 10)× 30 × (10 × 10) cm with one seed per hole, had the best growth and yield of rice cultivated in the new opening fieldshigh in Fe2+, especially in Koto Baru of Dharmasraya District, Krueng Aceh was a variety with the highest grain production by 5.65 Mg ha-1.Keywords: Fe2+; new fields; rice cultivar; technology[How to Cite: Utama MZH, I Wahidi and Sunadi. 2012. Response of Some Rice Cultivars in New Opening Paddy Fields with High Fe2+ Using Multi-packet Technology. J Trop Soils, 17 (3) : 234-244. doi: 10.5400/jts.2012.17.3.239][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2012.17.3.239] 

scholarly journals Utilization of suboptimal land for the sustainability of upland rice farming in Minahasa District

2021 ◽  
Vol 892 (1) ◽  
pp. 012107
Author(s):  
J B M Rawung ◽  
R Indrasti ◽  
R T P Hutapea
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Rainfed Rice ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Increasing rice production is not only relied on from irrigated and rainfed rice fields, but also on dry land (upland rice). Development of upland rice on sub-optimal lands is one of the efforts to overcome the problem of vulnerability to rice availability, but until now its management is still not optimal. Minahasa District is one of the upland rice producing districts in North Sulawesi. This paper aims to identify matters related to sub-optimal land use for the sustainability of upland rice farming by farmers that can be developed in support of efforts to increase upland rice production in North Sulawesi, in addition to improving the existing technology used by farmers. This study was conducted in the Tombariri Subdistrict, Minahasa District, using a survey method. Data collection was carried out through field observations, surveys, documentation, in-depth interviews with key informants, and literature studies. The data obtained were then analyzed descriptively. Based on field identification and the results of the study, it was found that the existing local farmers’ technology was still very simple, especially in the aspects of seed supply, planting and maintenance. Farmers are increasingly pursuing development towards organic farming. There are still many sub-optimal land uses that can be optimized for upland rice cultivation accompanied by improvements to the existing limiting factors on each land.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield of Kalimantan Landrace Rice and “IPB 8G” as Affected by Dose and Time of Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
Faisal Faisal ◽  
Iskandar Lubis ◽  
Ahmad Junaedi ◽  
Sugiyanta Sugiyanta
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
N Dose

The study aimed to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilizer dose and the frequency of application on the growth and production of landrace rice Kalimantan and a new rice cultivar "IPB 8G". The study was conducted in December 2017 until June 2018 at the Sawah Baru Experimental Field, Bogor Agricultural University, West Java, Indonesia. The experimental design was a split-split plot consisting of three treatment factors, i.e. rice cultivars (main plots), fertilization time (sub-plots) and fertilizing doses (sub-plots). The three rice cultivars used in this trial were local cultivars "Mayas" and "Samarinda", and a newly developed rice cultivar "IPB 8G".  The application rates of Nitrogen were 0, 75, and 150 kg N.ha-1 applied at different phases of rice growth: 50% N dose was applied at planting, 25% N dose at the vegetative phase, and 25% at the primordial phase.  The different rates of N fertilizer were applied four times, 40% at planting, 20% during the vegetative phase, 20% at the primordial phase, and 20% at heading. Each treatment consisted of three replications totalling 54 experimental units. The N fertilizer application gave a significant effect on all growth parameters except for the harvest index. Time of fertilization significantly affected rice panicle number per hill and harvest index. There were significant differences in the growth of the three rice cultivars, except for the number of tillers. Rice crops fertilized three times with a dose of 75 kg N.ha-1 had the highest number of tillers at 5 week after planting, but it was not significantly different from N at 150 kg.ha-1. The highest grain yield of 2.9 t.ha-1 was obtained from "IPB 8G" cultivar fertilized with 75 kg.ha-1 of nitrogen.

scholarly journals The Effect of Organic Fertilizer in the Increasing of Local Upland Rice Production on Marginal Land in North Buton Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1051-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Budianti Kadidaa ◽  
Gusti R. Sadimantara ◽  
Suaib Suaib ◽  
La Ode Safuan ◽  
Muhidin Muhidin
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Upland Rice Cultivar ◽  
Plot Design

ABSTRACT: Demand for rice as a source of food in Indonesia continues to increase in line with the growth of population, while the capacity to produce paddy rice increasingly limited. One of the efforts is to develop upland rice by utilizing the dry land with organic fertilizer application. The research was conducted in North Buton using split plot design. The main plot was the treatment of manure dosage consisting of 4 levels of treatment and the second factor of local upland rice cultivars as a subplot consisting of 22 cultivars. Production characters were observed and assessments are panicle length, grain number, number of grain content, wet grain weight, dried grain weight, grain weight per culm, and grain yield (t ha-1). The results showed that the yield potency of local upland rice cultivar in North Buton ranged from 3.11- 4.97 t ha-1 and the treatment of organic fertilizer can increase the yield components of upland rice.

Gene-specific marker screening and disease reaction validation of blast resistant genes, Pid3, Pigm and Pi54 in Thai landrace rice germplasm and recommended rice varieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-426
Author(s):  
Wattanaporn Teerasan ◽  
Ing-on Srikaew ◽  
Kritkittisak Phaitreejit ◽  
Sureeporn Kate-Ngam ◽  
Chatchawan Jantasuriyarat
Keyword(s):  
Rice Blast ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Disease Resistance Gene ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
The North ◽  
Resistant Genes

AbstractRice blast caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases in rice production worldwide. Information on rice varieties with the blast disease resistance gene is important for rice cultivar development. This study identified rice blast resistant genes in 226 rice cultivars including 203 Thai landrace rice cultivars (19 upland rice cultivars from the North, 99 lowland rice cultivars from the Northeast, 45 floating rice cultivars from the Northeast and 40 cultivars from the South), 21 recommended rice varieties and two susceptible varieties ‘KDML105’ and ‘Nipponbare’ by using gene-specific markers for the blast resistant genes Pid3, Pi54 and Pigm. Results showed that 159 cultivars have at least one resistant gene and four cultivars have all three resistant genes. These results indicate that Thai landrace rice is a valuable source of rice blast resistant genes for rice breeding programmes.

Endodermal silicification in developing seminal roots of lowland and upland cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 955-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Lux ◽  
Miroslava Luxová ◽  
Shigenori Morita ◽  
Jun Abe ◽  
Shinobu Inanaga
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Silica Deposition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Scanning Electron

Silica deposition in two upland rice cultivars, IRAT 109 and Moroberekan, and one lowland rice cultivar, Koshihikari, were compared. X-ray microanalysis coupled with environmental scanning electron microscopy was used to examine fresh, unfixed, hydrated samples for analyses. The results showed silica deposition in seminal roots exclusively in endodermal cells. A clear basipetal increase in Si content was found in the endodermis of all cultivars. Comparison of silicification intensity between the three cultivars showed higher amounts of Si deposited in the endodermis of upland rice cultivars. This might be related to a higher drought resistance of these types of rice. In leaves, silica deposits were present in all epidermal cells with the highest concentration in silica cells. The amount of Si deposited in leaves was several times higher than in the root endodermis. No relationship between extent of leaf epidermal silicification was found when lowland and upland cultivars were compared.Key words: endodermis, environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), rice, root, silica deposits, X-ray microanalysis.

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