scholarly journals Agronomic and genetic approaches for enhancing tolerance to heat stress in rice: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 12501
Author(s):  
Adnan RASHEED ◽  
Mahmoud F. SELEIMAN ◽  
Muhammad NAWAZ ◽  
Athar MAHMOOD ◽  
Muhammad RIZWAN ANWAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Transgenic Breeding ◽  
Selection Of

Rice is an important cereal crop worldwide that serves as a dietary component for half of the world’s population. Climate change, especially global warming is a rising threat to crop production and food security. Therefore, enhancing rice growth and yield is a crucial challenge in stress-prone environments. Frequent episodes of heat stress threaten rice production all over the world. Breeders and agronomists undertake several techniques to ameliorate the adverse effects of heat stress to safeguard global rice production. The selection of suitable sowing time application of plant hormones, osmoprotectants and utilization of appropriate fertilizers and signaling molecules are essential agronomic practices to mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress on rice. Likewise, developing genotypes with improved morphological, biochemical, and genetic attributes is feasible and practical way to respond to this challenge. The creation of more genetic recombinants and the identification of traits responsible for heat tolerance could allow the selection of early-flowering cultivars with resistance to heat stress. This review details the integration of several agronomic, conventional breeding, and molecular approaches like hybridization, pure line selection, master-assisted-selection (MAS), transgenic breeding and CRRISPR/Cas9 that promise rapid and efficient development and selection of heat-tolerant rice genotypes. Such information’s could be used to determine the future research directions for rice breeders and other researchers working to improve the heat tolerance in rice.

Genetic variation of rectal temperature and its relationship to milk production in Holstein dairy cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 63-63
Author(s):  
S Khalajzade ◽  
N Emam Jomeh ◽  
A Salehi ◽  
A Moghimi Esfandabadi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Very High ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Milk production is significantly decreased by thermal stress. The survival and performance of an animal during heat stress periods depend on several weather factors, especially temperature and humidity. Researchers reported dramatic decreases in milk production as temperature rose above 30 degree of centigrade. Very high environmental temperature is common during the summer months in Iran. Rectal temperature is as indicator of heat tolerance and has been the most frequently used physiological variable for estimating heat tolerance in cattle. Some dairy cows are more heat tolerant and productive when subjected to heat stress. Identification and selection of heat stress resistant cattle offers the potential to increase milk yield in tropical environment. The aim of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters of heat tolerance and its relationship to milk production in Holstein Dairy Cows in Iran.

scholarly journals Application of local microbes increases growth and yield of several local upland rice cultivars of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
T Wijayanto ◽  
D Boer ◽  
A Aco ◽  
N Mu’min ◽  
A Khaeruni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Food Needs

Abstract Rice is the major food commodity in Indonesia and many other countries, as the main source of carbohydrate. Rice production must be increased continuously to meet food needs, one of which is by utilizing largely available dry land areas. Two important factors required to increase rice production on marginal soils are the use of high-production adaptive varieties and biological agents. It is necessary to conduct research on the application of local microbes to the cultivation of upland rice cultivars, with the aim to determine the best genotypes and/or suitable microbes. This research was carried out at the Research Field and laboratories of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Halu Oleo, from April 2020 to April 2021. The first tested factor was biological agents (local microbes), consisting of three levels, namely: without microbes (M0), the fungus Trichoderma sp. (M1), and the bacteria Pseudomonas sp. (M2). The second factor was the upland rice cultivar, which consisted of five levels, namely: V1 (Tinangge cultivar), V2 (Enggalaru cultivar), V3 (Bakala cultivar), V4 (Momea cultivar), and 1 nasional variety, namely V5 (Inpago-12 variety), as check variety. The research results showed that the interaction between local microbes Trichoderma sp. (M1) and Pseudomonas sp. (M2) on Tinangge (V1) and Momea (V4) cultivars gave a better effect on crop production. The best cultivar based on the growth and yield variables was generally obtained from the Momea cultivar (V4), although in many variables it was not significantly different from the Tinangge cultivar (V1). These cultivars could be further studied and possibly developed for promising cultivars in Kendari areas.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles in Agriculture: Characterization, Uptake and Role in Mitigating Heat Stress

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Yashveer ◽  
Neeru Redhu ◽  
Vikram Singh ◽  
Sonali Sangwan ◽  
Hembade Laxman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Positive Effects

Abiotic stresses like heat, drought, and salinity are among the major threats to sustainable crop production. These stresses induce numerous adverse effects in plants by impairing biochemical, physiological and molecular processes, eventually affecting plant growth, development and productivity. The rising temperature is one of the major causes of heat stress in agriculture. The variation in temperature during crop development has led to devastating agricultural losses in terms of yield. To adapt and mitigate these effects, germplasm scientists and agronomists aim to develop heat-tolerant varieties or cultivars. These efforts generally include the identification of alleles responsible for heat tolerance and their introgression into breeding populations through conventional or biotechnological methods. However, heat tolerance is a very complex physio-biochemical response of plants governed by a number of genes positioned at different loci. The accumulation of various additive gene effects into a single genotype is an extremely tedious and time-consuming process in both plant breeding and biotechnology. Recent advancements in agricultural nanotechnology have raised expectations for sustainable productivity without altering the genetic make-up of plants. In this milieu, the application of biologically active nanoparticles (NPs) could be a novel approach to enhance heat tolerance in crops. Recently, the NPs from silver, silicon, titanium and selenium have been proven valuable for plants to combat heat stress by altering their physiological and biochemical responses. Due to nano-scale size and the high surface area along with their slow and steady release, the NPs exert positive effects in plants through their growth-promoting and antioxidant capabilities. In this review, various technologies used for NPs characterization and their applications in agriculture have been discussed. The review further elaborates the uptake mechanism of NPs and their translocation in different plant parts along with the factors affecting them. This article also describes the role of metal or metal oxide NPs, as well as nano, encapsulated plant growth regulators and signal molecules in heat stress tolerance. The review will provide an insight to the scientists working in the area of agricultural sciences to explore new NPs to encounter different types of biotic and abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals Modelling water-harvesting systems in the arid south of Tunisia using SWAT

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2003-2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ouessar ◽  
A. Bruggeman ◽  
F. Abdelli ◽  
R. H. Mohtar ◽  
D. Gabriels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Watershed Model ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Harvesting Systems

Abstract. In many arid countries, runoff water-harvesting systems support the livelihood of the rural population. Little is known, however, about the effect of these systems on the water balance components of arid watersheds. The objective of this study was to adapt and evaluate the GIS-based watershed model SWAT (Soil Water Assessment Tool) for simulating the main hydrologic processes in arid environments. The model was applied to the 270-km2 watershed of wadi Koutine in southeast Tunisia, which receives about 200 mm annual rain. The main adjustment for adapting the model to this dry Mediterranean environment was the inclusion of water-harvesting systems, which capture and use surface runoff for crop production in upstream subbasins, and a modification of the crop growth processes. The adjusted version of the model was named SWAT-WH. Model evaluation was performed based on 38 runoff events recorded at the Koutine station between 1973 and 1985. The model predicted that the average annual watershed rainfall of the 12-year evaluation period (209 mm) was split into ET (72%), groundwater recharge (22%) and outflow (6%). The evaluation coefficients for calibration and validation were, respectively, R2 (coefficient of determination) 0.77 and 0.44; E (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient) 0.73 and 0.43; and MAE (Mean Absolute Error) 2.6 mm and 3.0 mm, indicating that the model could reproduce the observed events reasonably well. However, the runoff record was dominated by two extreme events, which had a strong effect on the evaluation criteria. Discrepancies remained mainly due to uncertainties in the observed daily rainfall and runoff data. Recommendations for future research include the installation of additional rainfall and runoff gauges with continuous data logging and the collection of more field data to represent the soils and land use. In addition, crop growth and yield monitoring is needed for a proper evaluation of crop production, to allow an economic assessment of the different water uses in the watershed.

Analysis of heat stress tolerance in winter wheat

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Balla ◽  
S. Bencze ◽  
T. Janda ◽  
O. Veisz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Heat Sensitivity ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Yield Parameters

As a consequence of climate change, the incidence of extreme weather events has increased in Hungary, as elsewhere. Extremely high temperatures are the factor causing the greatest problems for agriculture and crop production. The aim was to determine the heat tolerance of two wheat varieties (Plainsman V. and Mv Magma) by measuring physiological and yield parameters under high temperature conditions (35/20°C day/night) in the phytotron. Heat stress had a substantial influence on the chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity and yield parameters of the two winter wheat varieties. Heat stress during grain filling led to a significant reduction in the yield, biomass, grain number, harvest index and thousand-kernel weight. Significant differences could be detected between the two varieties, confirming the greater heat sensitivity of Plainsman V. and the better heat tolerance of Mv Magma. The importance of the antioxidant enzyme system was demonstrated in defence against heat stress. The activity of the enzymes glutathione-Stransferase (GSH-S-Tr), ascorbate peroxidase (APx) and catalase (CAT) was enhanced in Plainsman V., and that of GSH-S-Tr and CAT in Mv Magma. The tolerance of the wheat varieties appeared to be correlated with the antioxidant level, though changes in activity were observed for different antioxidant enzymes in the two genotypes tested.

Applications and perspectives of using nanomaterials for sustainable plant nutrition

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allah Ditta ◽  
Muhammad Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sustainable Crop Production ◽  
Future Demands

AbstractNanotechnology opens a large scope of novel applications in the fields of plant nutrition needed to meet the future demands of the growing population because nanoparticles (NPs) have unique physicochemical properties, i.e. high surface area, high reactivity, tunable pore size, and particle morphology. Management of optimum nutrients for sustainable crop production is a priority-based area of research in agriculture. In this regard, nanonutrition has proved to be the most interesting area of research and concerns with the provision of nano-sized nutrients for sustainable crop production. Using this technology, we can increase the efficiency of micro- as well as macronutrients of plants. In the literature, various NPs and nanomaterials (NMs) have been successfully used for better nutrition of crop plants compared to the conventional fertilizers. This review summarizes these NPs and NMs into macro-, micro-, and nanocarrier-based fertilizers and plant-growth-enhancing NPs with unclear mechanisms, describing their role in improving growth and yield of crops, concentration/rate of application, particle size, mechanism of action if known, toxic effects if any, and research gaps in the present research. Moreover, future research directions for achieving sustainable agriculture are also discussed in the appropriate section and at the end in the concluding remarks section.

scholarly journals iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Heat Stress-Induced Mechanisms in Pepper Seedlings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Chengliang Liang ◽  
Sha Yang ◽  
Jingshuang Song ◽  
Xuefeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Heat Stress Response ◽  
Quantitative Proteomic Analysis

Abstract Background: As one of the most important vegetable crops, pepper has rich nutritional value and high economic value. Increasing heat stress due to the global warming has a negative impact on the growth and yield of pepper. Result: In the present study, we investigated the changes of phenotype, physiology, and proteome in heat-tolerant (17CL30) and heat-sensitive (05S180) pepper seedlings in response to heat stress. Phenotypic and physiological changes showed that 17CL30 had a stronger ability to resist heat stress compared with 05S180. In proteomic analysis, a total of 3,874 proteins were identified, and 1,591 proteins were considered to participate in the process of heat stress response. According to bioinformatic analysis of heat-responsive proteins, the heat tolerance of 17CL30 might be related to a higher photosynthesis, signal transduction, carbohydrate metabolism, and stress defense, compared with 05S180. Conclusion: To understand the heat stress response mechanism of pepper, an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis was employed to identify possible heat-responsive proteins and metabolic pathways in 17CL30 and 05S180 pepper seedlings under heat stress. This study provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in heat tolerance of pepper and might offer supportive reference for the breeding of new pepper variety with heat resistance.

scholarly journals Mitigation of the Adverse Effects of Salt Stress on Maize (Zea Mays L.) Through Organic Amendments

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debasish Kumar Das ◽  
Bijaya Rani Dey ◽  
M.Joinul Abedin Mian ◽  
Md. Anamul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Salinity is a major limiting factor for crop production in coastal areas of Bangladesh. Organic amendments could contribute to the improvement of crop production in coastal areas. Two maize cultivars (BARI Hybrid Maize-5 and Hybrid Maize Pacific-987) were grown in pots to investigate the mitigating adverse effects of salt stress in maize by organic amendments. Two doses of farmyard manure (FYM) and poultry manure (PM) were mixed with soils before seed sowing. Plants were subjected to salinity (0-50 mM NaCl) at vegetative stage. Salt stress caused a significant reduction in growth and yield of both maize cultivars. Higher NaCl (50 mM) stress caused a drastic decrease in growth and yield of both maize cultivars. Salinity also decreased reproductive growth, chlorophyll contents and K+/Na+ ratio in both maize cultivars. Organic amendments with FYM and PM improved salt tolerances of maize that were associated with increased yield components, chlorophyll content and K+/Na+ ratio. Hybrid Maize Pacific-987 grown in low salinity with FYM or PM amendments produced higher yield than control condition. On the contrary, BARI Hybrid Maize-5 conferred tolerance to high salinity, when soils were amended with FYM or PM. Furthermore, organic amendments improved electrical conductivity, exchangeable Na and organic matter status under salinity condition. The present study suggests that organic amendments with FYM or PM confer tolerance to salinity in maize by increasing chlorophyll content and K+/Na+ ratio.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v1i4.9128  Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 1(4): 233-239

scholarly journals Response of Tomato Genotypes under Different High Temperatures in Field and Greenhouse Conditions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Sophoanrith Ro ◽  
Leangsrun Chea ◽  
Sreymey Ngoun ◽  
Zachary P. Stewart ◽  
Siranet Roeurn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

Heat stress is one of the production constraints for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) due to unfavorable, above optimum temperatures. This research was undertaken to evaluate growth and fruit yield of tomato genotypes under three contrasting growing conditions (i.e., optimal temperature in field-, high temperature in field- and high temperature in greenhouse conditions) to determine their relative heat tolerance. Eleven tomato genotypes, including two local check varieties, were evaluated, and data on growth and yield were measured and analyzed. The interactions between the genotypes and growing conditions for all yield traits were significant. In general, the performance of tomato under optimal temperature field conditions was better than under high temperature field- and greenhouse conditions. Genotypes CLN1621L, CLN2026D, CLN3212C, and KK1 had consistently greater fruit yield per plant in all growing conditions. Although the local genotype, Neang Tamm, had lower yield under optimal conditions, it performed moderately well under high temperature field- and high temperature greenhouse conditions, and yield decrease under high temperature condition was minimal. Genotype CLN1621L had stable fruit setting compared to other genotypes under high temperature conditions. Since fruit setting and yield are important traits for heat tolerance, genotypes CLN1621L and Neang Tamm are potential candidates for breeding programs focused on improved yield and heat stress tolerance.

QTL mapping for heat tolerance related traits using backcross inbred lines in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harikrishna . ◽  
Sunil . ◽  
Deepali Upadhyay ◽  
Rahul Gajghate ◽  
P. Shashikumara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Backcross Inbred Lines

Heat stress is one of the most limiting factors for the production of wheat. Global warming and consequent changes in climate adversely affect wheat plant growth and yield. To elucidate genetic basis and map heat tolerance traits, a set of 134 backcross inbred lines (BILs) derived from the cross between WH730/*2 HD2733 was used. The population was evaluated under late sown (LS) and very late sown (VLS) conditions, by exposing to heat stress during rabi season. Positive association of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), thousand grain weight (TGW), grain weight per spike (GWS), biomass and grain yield (GY) under both production conditions was observed. However, canopy temperature (CT) and days to heading (DH) showed negative correlation with GY under heat stress. A total of 9 Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were discovered on 7 chromosomes, which includes 4 QTLs in LS and 5 QTLs under VLS condition. Combining the results of these QTLs revealed a major stable QTL for DH (qDH_iari_5A) on chromosome 5A with 23% and 26% explaining phenotypic variance under both sowing conditions. QTL for NDVI was detected on chromosome 1B while QTL for SL and GY on chromosome 2A. The identified QTLs in the genomic regions could be targeted for genetic improvement and marker assisted selection for heat tolerance in wheat.

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