Utilization of fatty acid from papaya seed waste oil (carica papaya l) as a raw material in the making of epoxy compound

Biofuels used as biocomponents for transport fuels should meet quality requirements. Their properties have a significant impact on the proper functioning of the engine supply system and the wear of its components. Changes in the performance of biofuel functionality may already occur during storage. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate changes in selected rheological and tribological parameters of higher fatty acid esters depending on the time and method of their storage by considering different types of substrates used for their production. The presence of possible microbiological contamination, which may affect the examined parameters of biofuels, was also analyzed. The dynamic viscosity of the biofuels tested changed depending on the substrate used. The biofuel produced from waste oil had the highest viscosity. Tribological studies show that both the linear wear of samples and the friction moment were higher after the storage period. The acid number of the esters did not exceed the permissible value recommended by the standard. The type of raw material used for the production of biodiesel and the conditions of its storage affected biodeterioration, proved by the growth of microorganisms. The highest number of microorganisms was recorded in biofuels prepared from waste oil.

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PROSES EKSTRAKSI MINYAK DARI BIJI PEPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT n-HEKSANA

Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal ◽

10.29103/jtku.v9i1.3073 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 77

Author(s):

Azhari Azhari ◽

Nilva Mutia ◽

Ishak Ishak

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Oil Extraction ◽

Waste Oil ◽

Type Analysis ◽

Seed Extraction ◽

Papaya Seeds ◽

Papaya Seed

Papaya is the most beneficial fruit for human health. In addition to the fruit that can be consumed, it turns out papaya seeds can also be used. In addition to the seeds used to be planted as well as only being waste, oil can also be obtained from papaya seeds. One method for obtaining papaya seed oil is a method of extracting heat (requires installation in the process), in general the notion of reflux is extraction with a solvent at its boiling temperature point, for a certain time and the amount of solvent adjusted to air temperature. In this research, papaya seed extraction was carried out, percent yield analysis was carried out, and heavy type analysis of papaya seed oil extraction was carried out. The purpose of this study was to study the variation in extraction time of papaya seeds with solvents on the yield of oil produced. This research was carried out by reacting papaya seeds with hexane solvents at 65 ℃. Where the weight of papaya seeds is 50 gr, and the volume of solvents varied by 300 ml, 400 ml, and 500 ml and the reaction time is 120 minutes, 150 minutes, and 180 minutes. The results showed that the largest papaya seed oil was 34.2% at a volume of 500 ml solvent for 180 minutes and a high density of 0.87 gr / ml at a volume of 500 ml solvent for 180 minutes.Keywords: Extraction, hexane, papaya seed oil, reflux

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Preparing Fatty Acid by Hydrolysing Waste Oil from Restaurants under Normal Pressure

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.322.296 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 322 ◽

pp. 296-301

Author(s):

Chang Mei Wang ◽

Wu Di Zhang ◽

Xiao Qing Zhou ◽

Yu Bao Chen ◽

Fang Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Optimal Parameter ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Acid Value ◽

Normal Pressure ◽

Raw Material ◽

Waste Oil ◽

Hydrolysis Time ◽

Hydrolysis Of ◽

Water Amount

[Objective] The research aimed to take the waste oil from restaurants as raw material for hydrolysis preparation of fatty acid atmospheric pressure.[Method] Fatty acid was produced by hydrolysis of waste oil from restaurants under normal pressure at the temperature of(95±5)°C.Effects of ratio of oil to water, amount of catalyst, emulsification and time on hydrolysis reaction were studied.[Results] The optimal parameter was as follows:amount of emulsification 3％.amount of catalyst 15％, weight ratio of oil to water l:3，hydrolysis time at 15 h.Under the conditions.the acid value of hydrolyzed Waste Oil from Restaurants reached 173.3 mg/g．[Conclusions] The fatty acids which were commonly used in industry could be produced under normal pressure by hydrolyzing the rapeseed oil.And the conversion rate could reach 92.8％.In this paper, the results are same as that of similar reports. So used waste oil from restaurants as raw material and SDBS as emulsifier to prepare fatty acid under normal pressure is a feasible method.

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Effect of Aqueous extract on carica papaya seed and back on the Testes and sperm morphology of male wister rats

International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP) ◽

10.29322/ijsrp.9.09.2019.p9389 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. p9389

Author(s):

Ovie F.O ◽

Ndukwe G.U ◽

Oliver N.L ◽

Obi K.C ◽

Aguwa U.S ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Sperm Morphology ◽

Carica Papaya Seed ◽

Papaya Seed

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Proximate Chemical Analysis, Fatty Acid Profile and Microstructural Characteristics of Dromedary Camel Fats (Hump, Renal and Mesentery)

International Journal of Veterinary Science ◽

10.37422/ijvs/20.014 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Meat Product ◽

Oxidation Stability ◽

Meat Products ◽

Raw Material ◽

Dromedary Camel ◽

Mean Values ◽

Animal Fat ◽

Mesenteric Fat

The quality, safety, and suitability of animal fat for processing of a specific meat product is a critical issue. Increasing the human awareness about the health aspects associated with increased intake of animal fat, makes camel fat a suitable raw material for meat processing due to its excellent nutritional contribution. Therefore, the target of this study is examination of the sensory, physicochemical, fat oxidation, fatty acid profile, and other quality parameters of camel fat to evaluate the feasibility for processing of different meat products. To achieve this goal, 30 fat samples each from the hump, renal, and mesentery of Arabian male camels were investigated. The results showed that both the renal and mesenteric fat had honey color and medium-soft texture, while the hump had greyish-white color and hard texture. The sensory panel scores were significantly different between the hump and other fats. Hump fat had significantly (P<0.05) higher moisture, protein, and collagen content, while higher fat content was recorded in mesenteric fat. The fatty acid analysis showed that hump had high SFA and very low PUFA in comparison with both renal and mesenteric fat. Camel fat had high oxidation stability, and the mean values were very low in comparison with the levels of quality and acceptability. The ultrastructural analysis showed that hump fat had high elastin fibers which increase its hardness. The results indicated that both renal and mesenteric fat were more suitable for the production of various meat products than the hump.

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Analyses and evaluation of the main chemical components in different tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) genotypes

Grasas y Aceites ◽

10.3989/gya.0801192 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. e389

Author(s):

M. Camlica ◽

G. Yaldiz

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Raw Material ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Nicotine Content ◽

Tobacco Seeds

The nicotine, reducing sugar and ion contents from the threshing of tobacco can re-used from the industry. The crude oil and fatty oil compositions of tobacco seeds can be considered as an alternative source of raw material for biodiesel. In this study, the nicotine, reducing sugar content, crude oil, fatty acid composition and ion content were determined in 29 genotypes and 1 cultivar of tobacco. The genetic diversity was determined among the tobacco cultivar and genotypes base on examined properties. The nicotine content varied between 0.10-0.87%, reducing sugar ranged from 9.70-21.30%, crude oil varied between 24.33-47.00% and fatty acid compositions was found in the range of 77.94-100%. Linoleic (13.92-75.04%) and butyric (0.33-64.98%) acids were the major components. Overall, the BSR-5 (52.56 mg/g) and ESR-5 (44.58 mg/g) genotypes exhibited the highest potassium contents and ESR-7 (6.54 mg/g) and ESR-8 (1.28 mg/g) genotypes had the lowest chlorine contents. As a result of this study, the highest nicotine content, reducing sugar and crude oil of tobacco were found in ESR-4, ESR-11 and BSR-5 genotypes, respectively. The dendrogram analysis divided the tobacco into two main groups and most of the same origin genotypes fell into the same group. The results indicated that the different tobacco leaves and seeds can be evaluated as an alternative source in the industry as cigarettes, biodiesel and different industrial applications such as cosmetic, oil paints and varnishes based on their chemical properties.

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A Robust Two-Step Process for the Efficient Conversion of Acidic Soybean Oil for Biodiesel Production

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal8110527 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 527 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gaojian Ma ◽

Lingmei Dai ◽

Dehua Liu ◽

Wei Du

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Lower Cost ◽

Immobilized Lipase ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Acid Value ◽

Catalytic Performance ◽

Raw Material ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Negative Effect

Acidic oil, which is easily obtained and with lower cost, is a potential raw material for biodiesel production. Apart from containing large quantity of FFAs (free fatty acids), acidic oil usually contains some amount of inorganic acid, glycerides and some other complex components, leading to complicated effect on lipase’s catalytic performance. Exploring the efficient process of converting acidic oil for biodiesel production is of great significance to promote the use of acidic oil. A two-step conversion process for acidic soybean oil was proposed in this paper, where sulfuric acid-mediated hydrolysis was adopted first, then the hydrolyzed free fatty acid, collected from the upper oil layer was further subject to the second-step esterification catalyzed by immobilized lipase Novozym435. Through this novel process, the negative effect caused by harmful impurities and by-product glycerol on lipase was eliminated. A fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield of 95% could be obtained with the acid value decreased to 4 mgKOH/g from 188 mgKOH/g. There was no obvious loss in lipase’s activity and a FAME yield of 90% could be maintained with the lipase being repeatedly used for 10 batches. This process was found to have a good applicability to different acidic oils, indicating it has great prospect for converting low quality oil sources for biodiesel preparation.

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Pakan Ikan Alternatif Berbahan Baku Lokal untuk Calon Induk Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy)

Omni-Akuatika ◽

10.20884/1.oa.2016.12.3.115 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Sri Marnani ◽

Taufik Budhi Pramono

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Performance ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Raw Material ◽

Feed Supplement ◽

Fruit Peel ◽

Supplemental Feed ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Fish Feeds ◽

Absolute Growth

The aims of this study was to get local raw material of feed fish able to improve growth anddevelopment of gonads and composition of the artificial feed and feed supplement that can improvethe reproductive performance of gouramy fish. The method used is the method of completelyrandomized. The research was used completly randomized design with four treatments and fourrepetition. The treatmens tested were four kinds, pellet commercial (60%) additional sprouts mungbean (Phaseolus radiatus L), fruit peel papaya (Carica papaya) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L) by40%, and a pelleted commercial (100%) as control. Absolute growth ranges from 6-425 g, the relativegrowth of 3.7 to 22.1%, the growth day 1-7,1 g / day, feed efficiency from 7.8 to 29.33%, GSI 0.1 to1.1% and HSI 0.8 to 1.7%. Temperatures ranging from 23- 31,5⁰C, pH 6.6 to 7.5, Oxygen 5.0 - 6.2ppm , ammonia 0 - 0.25 ppm. Supplemental feed mixture (40%) and commercial pellets (60%) canimprove the growth and reproductive performance brood gouramy. Results of measurement oftemperature, pH and ammonia still qualify live gouramy.Keywords : alternative fish feeds, brood, Osphronemus gouramy

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Chemical Properties and Fatty Acid Composition of Palado Seed Oil (Aglaia sp) Extracted Using Chloroform Solvent

Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) ◽

10.48048/wjst.2021.10587 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Syamsul RAHMAN ◽

Salengke Salengke ◽

Abu Bakar TAWALI ◽

Meta MAHENDRADATTA

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Raw Material ◽

Food Ingredients

Palado (Aglaia sp) is a plant that grows wild in the forest around Mamuju regency of West Sulawesi, Indonesia. This plant is locally known as palado. Palado seeds (Aglaia sp) can be used as a source of vegetable oil because it contains approximately 14.75 % oil, and it has the potential to be used as food ingredients or as raw material for oil production. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical properties and the composition of fatty acids contained in palado seed oil (Aglaia sp). The employed method involved the use of palado fruit that had been processed to be palado seed and undergoing flouring process. Palado flour was produced by the extraction process by using chloroform solvent with the soxhlet method. The characteristics of the chemical properties in the oil produced were analyzed by using a standard method, including iodine, saponification, and acid values. The analysis of fatty acid composition was conducted by using gas chromatography. The results showed that palado oil extracted with hexane had an iodine value of 15.38 mg/g, saponification value of 190.01 mg KOH/g, and acids value of 1.961 mg KOH/g. The fatty acid composition of the palado seed oil consisted of saturated fatty acids (41.601 %), which included palmitic acid (41.062 %), myristic acid (0.539 %), and unsaturated fatty acids (45.949 %), which included mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) such as (22.929 %), oleic acid and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which was linoleic acid (23.020 %).

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