Preparing Fatty Acid by Hydrolysing Waste Oil from Restaurants under Normal Pressure

2011 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 296-301
Author(s):  
Chang Mei Wang ◽  
Wu Di Zhang ◽  
Xiao Qing Zhou ◽  
Yu Bao Chen ◽  
Fang Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Optimal Parameter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Water Amount

[Objective] The research aimed to take the waste oil from restaurants as raw material for hydrolysis preparation of fatty acid atmospheric pressure.[Method] Fatty acid was produced by hydrolysis of waste oil from restaurants under normal pressure at the temperature of(95±5)°C.Effects of ratio of oil to water, amount of catalyst, emulsification and time on hydrolysis reaction were studied.[Results] The optimal parameter was as follows:amount of emulsification 3％.amount of catalyst 15％, weight ratio of oil to water l:3，hydrolysis time at 15 h.Under the conditions.the acid value of hydrolyzed Waste Oil from Restaurants reached 173.3 mg/g．[Conclusions] The fatty acids which were commonly used in industry could be produced under normal pressure by hydrolyzing the rapeseed oil.And the conversion rate could reach 92.8％.In this paper, the results are same as that of similar reports. So used waste oil from restaurants as raw material and SDBS as emulsifier to prepare fatty acid under normal pressure is a feasible method.

scholarly journals A Robust Two-Step Process for the Efficient Conversion of Acidic Soybean Oil for Biodiesel Production

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaojian Ma ◽  
Lingmei Dai ◽  
Dehua Liu ◽  
Wei Du
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Negative Effect

Acidic oil, which is easily obtained and with lower cost, is a potential raw material for biodiesel production. Apart from containing large quantity of FFAs (free fatty acids), acidic oil usually contains some amount of inorganic acid, glycerides and some other complex components, leading to complicated effect on lipase’s catalytic performance. Exploring the efficient process of converting acidic oil for biodiesel production is of great significance to promote the use of acidic oil. A two-step conversion process for acidic soybean oil was proposed in this paper, where sulfuric acid-mediated hydrolysis was adopted first, then the hydrolyzed free fatty acid, collected from the upper oil layer was further subject to the second-step esterification catalyzed by immobilized lipase Novozym435. Through this novel process, the negative effect caused by harmful impurities and by-product glycerol on lipase was eliminated. A fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield of 95% could be obtained with the acid value decreased to 4 mgKOH/g from 188 mgKOH/g. There was no obvious loss in lipase’s activity and a FAME yield of 90% could be maintained with the lipase being repeatedly used for 10 batches. This process was found to have a good applicability to different acidic oils, indicating it has great prospect for converting low quality oil sources for biodiesel preparation.

scholarly journals Extraction and characterization of liver oil from silky shark (Charcharinus falciformis)

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Anhar Rozi ◽  
Sugeng Heri Suseno ◽  
Agoes Mardiono Jacoeb
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Oxidation ◽  
Shark Liver Oil ◽  
Silky Shark

Silky shark liver was 10-15% of its body mass and 50% of oil is contained in the liver. The aimed of<br />this study was to determine heavy metal content, fatty acid profile on raw material, extraction of its oil, and<br />parameter of oxidation. The method of heavy metal test stated on the SNI and fatty acid analysis referred<br />to AOAC. The extraction was oven methode at 50, 60, 70, and 80°C in 8 hours. Cadmium (Cd) as the<br />highest heavy metal content with 0.88±0.01 ppm, SFA was 18.46% composed by palmitic acid dominantly<br />(12.59%). The MUFA was 24.54 % with the highest oleic acid (17.86%). PUFA was 19.11 % that consist of<br />DHA (14.35%) as the most abundantly present while EPA was 1.50%. Shark liver oil which was extracted<br />at 50°C had the highest yield (24.47%). The oxidation of silky shark liver oil extraction indicated the best<br />treatment at 50°C with peroxide value (PV), p-Anisidine value (p-AV), percentage of free fatty acid (% FFA),<br />acid value (AV), and total oxidation (TOTOX) were 7.26±1.27 mEq/kg, 16.79±0.28 mEq/kg, 5.47±0.12%,<br />10.88±0.25 mg KOH/kg, and 31.31±2.26 mEq/kg respectively.

Experimental Study on Fatty Acid Production with Properties of Biological Materials from Soybean Oil by Lipase Catalyze

2013 ◽  
Vol 675 ◽  
pp. 275-279
Author(s):  
Yong Bo Li ◽  
Chang Mei Wang ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Yu Bao Chen ◽  
Fang Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Catalytic Effect ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Fatty Acid Production

In order to get the optimum conditions of fatty acid production with properties of biological materials from soybean oil by lipase catalyze. The effects of reaction temperature, ratio of oil to water (V:V) and amount of the enzyme (the quality percentage of enzyme accounts for the soybean oil) were studied in this research. The experimental results showed that the catalytic effect of Lipolase100T lipase is the best one under the same conditions. The results are as follows: the reaction temperature is 40 degrees Celsius, the ratio of oil to water (V:V) is 1:3, the amount of enzyme (the quality percentage of enzyme accounts for the soybean oil) is 1%, hydrolysis time was 60hrs, and the acid value reaches to 160.33mgKOH/g.

Reducing Sugar Production from Agricultural Wastes by Acid Hydrolysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 675-676 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Achara Kleawkla ◽  
Pannarai Chuenkruth
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Sugar is very important raw material of many industries such as food, beverage and renewable energy. In this research, pretreatment and hydrolysis of agricultural wastes to produce reducing sugars for an ethanol production were investigated. The rice stalk and corn stover from agricultural wastes were firstly pretreated with sodium hydroxide at 121 °C in different time as 20 30 and 40 minutes for removal of lignin. After that, the condition of hydrolysis using sulfuric acid of the pretreated rice stalk and corn stover was optimized. The optimum condition that obtained the highest reducing sugar content from rice stalk and corn stover of 76.12 and 136.25 mg/ml were using 1.0 % v/v sulfuric acid at temperature of 121 °C for a hydrolysis time of 40 minutes. This research made value adding in the industrial processing, decrease environmental problem and reduce global warming crisis by optimized utilization of agricultural waste.

scholarly journals Effect of pepsin hydrolysis on antioxidant activity of jellyfish protein hydrolysate

2021 ◽  
Vol 302 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Pratchaya Muangrod ◽  
Wiriya Charoenchokpanich ◽  
Vilai Rungsardthong ◽  
Savitri Vatanyoopaisarn ◽  
Benjamaporn Wonganu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Radical Scavengers ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
By Products

Edible jellyfish have been consumed as food for more than a century with offering high protein and crunchy texture. The pepsin hydrolysis of jellyfish protein yields jellyfish protein hydrolysate (ep-JPH), reported for potential bioactivities such as antioxidant activity or antihypertensive activities. Due to the substantial number of by-products generated from jellyfish processing, the by-products were then selected as a raw material of JPH production. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of the hydrolysis time of pepsin on the antioxidant activity of ep-JPH. The dried desalted jellyfish by-products powder was enzymatically hydrolysed by 5% (w/w) pepsin, and the hydrolysis time was varied from 6, 12, 18, and 24 h at 37oC. Results showed that increased hydrolysis time increased the degree of hydrolysis (DH) and inhibition of DPPH radical. The 24 h ep-JPH possessed the highest DH and the highest inhibitory effect of DPPH radical. The results demonstrated that, in this experiment, all ep-JPHs were DPPH radical scavengers, exhibiting different inhibition activities depending on DH values.

scholarly journals KAJIAN PEMANFAATAN BIJI KOPI (ARABIKA) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Bella Simbolon ◽  
Kartini Pakpahan ◽  
Siswarni MZ
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Testing Phase ◽  
Coffee Oil

This research aims to exploit the coffee seed oil as raw material for biodiesel by esterification process, then followed by transesterification process and studied the influence of variations in the weight ratio of solvent: ground coffee beans in the coffee bean oil extraction process. The methodologies of this researchare conducted on the process of preparation of raw materials, extraction, and testing phase.  Extraction is done with a variety of types of solvent n-hexane (C6H14) and toluene (C7H8 (C6H5CH3)) and a variety of solvents through a ratio of 1:5, 1:6, 1:7 and 1:8 against the mass of each run, which is 40 gram. Another variable is still 2 hours extraction time and temperature solvent extraction with n-hexane (C6H14) (boiling point 690C) is 70-75 0c and the solvent toluene (C7H8 (C6H5CH3))(boiling point 1100C) is 110-1150C. Testing phase is done bythe use of coffee oil esterification process in the molar ratio of methanol: free fatty acid catalyst H2SO4 = 3:1 with 1% v / v for 1hour with stirring 600 rpm and transesterification process at a molar ratio of methanol: oil = 9:1 coffee with 1.75% NaOH catalyst for 2 hours with stirring 600 rpm. Esterification process as conducted preliminary due to high levels of free fatty acids coffeeoils, which is 22.2%. Extraction results include the maximum yield of the coffee oils  17.73% in toluene weight ratio: coffee powder= 6:1, and coffee oil data in the form of the density 93.75 g / ml, viscosity 59.326 cP and fatty acid composition of the highest linoleic acid 40.8765% and palmitic acid 37.4492%. The results of esterification and transesterification obtained by the methyl ester equal to 39.63% with density 0.915 g / ml, 22.5498 cSt kinematic viscosity and flash point 130 0C.

Hydrolysis of S. platensis Using Sulfuric Acid for Ethanol Production

2022 ◽  
Vol 1048 ◽  
pp. 451-458
Author(s):  
Megawati ◽  
Astrilia Damayanti ◽  
Radenrara Dewi Artanti Putri ◽  
Zuhriyan Ash Shiddieqy Bahlawan ◽  
Astika Arum Dwi Mastuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Carbohydrate Composition ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Glucose Yield ◽  
Hydrolysis Temperature ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

S. platensis is a microalga that contains carbohydrate composition of 30.21% which makes it potential to be used as raw material for ethanol production. Hydrolysis of S. platensis is the first step for converting its carbohydrates into monosaccharides. The second step is fermentation of monosaccharides into ethanol. This research aims to study the effect of temperature and microalgae concentration on the hydrolysis of S. platensis using sulfuric acid as catalyst. This research was conducted using 300 mL sulfuric acid of 2 mol/L, hydrolysis temperatures of 70, 80 and 90 °C, and microalgae concentrations of 20, 26.7, and 33.3 g/L. The effect of temperature is significant in the hydrolysis of S. platensis using sulfuric acid. At microalgae concentration of 20 g/L and hydrolysis time of 35 minutes, the higher the temperatures (70, 80, and 90 °C), the more the glucose yields would be (8.9, 13.5, and 22.9%). This temperature effect got stronger when the hydrolysis was running for 15 minutes. Every time the hydrolysis temperature increased by 10 °C, the glucose yield increased by 13.0% at microalgae concentration of 33.3 g/L. At temperature of 90 °C and time of 35 minutes, the higher the microalgae concentrations (20, 26.7, and 33.3 g/L), the higher the glucose yields would be (25.5, 27.7, and 28.2%). The highest glucose concentration obtained was 2.82 g/L at microalgae concentration of 33.3 g/L, temperature of 90 °C, and time of 35 minutes.

scholarly journals Extraction and characterization of liver oil from silky shark

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Anhar Rozi ◽  
Sugeng Heri Suseno ◽  
Agoes Mardiono Jacoeb
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Oxidation ◽  
Shark Liver Oil ◽  
Silky Shark

Silky shark liver was 10-15% of its body mass and 50% of oil is contained in the liver. The aimed of<br />this study was to determine heavy metal content, fatty acid profile on raw material, extraction of its oil, and<br />parameter of oxidation. The method of heavy metal test stated on the SNI and fatty acid analysis referred<br />to AOAC. The extraction was oven methode at 50, 60, 70, and 80°C in 8 hours. Cadmium (Cd) as the<br />highest heavy metal content with 0.88±0.01 ppm, SFA was 18.46% composed by palmitic acid dominantly<br />(12.59%). The MUFA was 24.54 % with the highest oleic acid (17.86%). PUFA was 19.11 % that consist of<br />DHA (14.35%) as the most abundantly present while EPA was 1.50%. Shark liver oil which was extracted<br />at 50°C had the highest yield (24.47%). The oxidation of silky shark liver oil extraction indicated the best<br />treatment at 50°C with peroxide value (PV), p-Anisidine value (p-AV), percentage of free fatty acid (% FFA),<br />acid value (AV), and total oxidation (TOTOX) were 7.26±1.27 mEq/kg, 16.79±0.28 mEq/kg, 5.47±0.12%,<br />10.88±0.25 mg KOH/kg, and 31.31±2.26 mEq/kg respectively.<br /><br />

scholarly journals Calcium soap from palm fatty acid distillate for ruminant feed: Ca(OH)2 as calcium source

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 02062
Author(s):  
Lienda A. Handojo ◽  
Antonius Indarto ◽  
Dian Shofinita ◽  
Anggina Meitha ◽  
Rakhmawati Nabila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Calcium Soap ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
Soap Production ◽  
Ruminant Feed

PFAD can be utilized as raw material for producing calcium soap, a kind of ruminant feed supplement. It gives benefits to the ruminants’ health and increases the quantity and quality of cattle’s milk. This research evaluated the effect of stoichiometric mole ratio of Ca(OH)2 to PFAD and water temperature on calcium soap production using PFAD and calcium hydroxide as raw materials by applying modified fusion method. The result showed that the acid value of products decreased as the mole ratio of Ca(OH)2 to PFAD increased and the low water temperature lowered the acid value of products. The highest fatty acid conversion (98%) was achieved at the stoichiometric mole ratio of 3. However, the use of such high mole ratio is not preferable because the product will have excessive calcium, which may disturb the absorption of other minerals in ruminant’s digestion. Thus, further research related to operating condition and the use of other calcium sources in the calcium soap production is still required.

scholarly journals Functional Properties and Microbiological Stability of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) under Different Storage Conditions

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5632
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw ◽  
Adam Koniuszy ◽  
Paweł Sędłak ◽  
Daria Seń
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Linear Wear ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms

Biofuels used as biocomponents for transport fuels should meet quality requirements. Their properties have a significant impact on the proper functioning of the engine supply system and the wear of its components. Changes in the performance of biofuel functionality may already occur during storage. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate changes in selected rheological and tribological parameters of higher fatty acid esters depending on the time and method of their storage by considering different types of substrates used for their production. The presence of possible microbiological contamination, which may affect the examined parameters of biofuels, was also analyzed. The dynamic viscosity of the biofuels tested changed depending on the substrate used. The biofuel produced from waste oil had the highest viscosity. Tribological studies show that both the linear wear of samples and the friction moment were higher after the storage period. The acid number of the esters did not exceed the permissible value recommended by the standard. The type of raw material used for the production of biodiesel and the conditions of its storage affected biodeterioration, proved by the growth of microorganisms. The highest number of microorganisms was recorded in biofuels prepared from waste oil.

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