scholarly journals Comparison of the effect of GFRP and steel reinforcement in concrete members subjected to compressive stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 1209 (1) ◽  
pp. 012061
Author(s):  
Ž Šenšelová ◽  
V Borzovič
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Steel Reinforcement ◽  
Concrete Element ◽  
Electrical Insulator ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Concrete Elements ◽  
Gfrp Reinforcement

Abstract Composite materials became more popular and commercially available as reinforcement for concrete elements. Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bar is an excellent thermal and electrical insulator with high tensile strength and low weight. These assumptions make them a possible substitution for steel reinforcement. Moreover, GFRP is not responsible to corrosion for that are suitable for structures with high humidity and unfavorable environment. GFRP is easier to handle due to its low weight. Also, it has electromagnetic neutrality. But it has some disadvantages. It has a low modulus of elasticity and sensitivity to elevated temperatures. Another drawback and uncertainty with designing is the impact of an alkaline environment, which decreases the long-term strength of GFRP bars. This paper describes a pre-experiment study of concrete elements resistance. The analysis is performed for a cross-section of 200x150 mm for a short concrete column with steel and GFRP reinforcement. The study compares P-M diagrams for steel reinforcement and GFRP reinforcement with different reinforcement ratios. Other characteristics such as tensile strength and modulus of elasticity must be considered to design the GFRP reinforced concrete element. The study also considers the contribution of GFRP reinforcement in compression. The analysis has shown, the shape of interaction diagrams of steel and GFRP reinforcement are significantly different.

scholarly journals Parametric Study of Concrete Members with GFRP Reinforcement Subjected to Bending and Axial Force

2021 ◽  
Vol 1203 (2) ◽  
pp. 022130
Author(s):  
Žaneta Šenšelová ◽  
Viktor Borzovič ◽  
Jaroslav Baran
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Axial Force ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Steel Reinforcement ◽  
Concrete Element ◽  
Electrical Insulator ◽  
Concrete Elements ◽  
Gfrp Reinforcement

Abstract The paper deals with the possible replacement of steel reinforcement by GFRP reinforcement for concrete elements subjected to bending moment and compressive axial force. For the last 15 years, Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) bars became more popular and commercially available as reinforcement for concrete elements. Composite FRP materials are still new in construction and many engineers are not familiar with their properties and behaviour. FRP has certain advantages over steel reinforcement. It is a durable material that is not subject to corrosion, does not conduct heat, is an electrical insulator and conducts electrical current, and is non-magnetic. In contrast, FRP also has certain deficiencies such as sensitivity to higher temperatures, alkaline environments, and reduction of mechanical properties at high levels of long-term stress. In the case of FRP reinforcements, the plastic branch is missing in the σ-ε diagrams, what leads to a sudden failure of the reinforced concrete element, either by tensile rupture of the reinforcement or by crushing the concrete. The most used FRP reinforcement is made of glass fibres - GFRP reinforcement. The paper deals with the possible replacement of steel reinforcement by GFRP reinforcement for slab and beam elements. The text describes a parametric study for different reinforcement ratio with GFRP reinforcement and steel reinforcement. The study is performed for a cross-section of 500x500 mm for a column element and a cross-section of 1000x250 mm for a slab element. The effect of longitudinal GFRP reinforcement in elements under compression was investigated. The study contains a comparison of interaction P-M diagrams of concrete elements with steel and GFRP reinforcement. For design of GFRP reinforced concrete elements, it is necessary to consider different material characteristics such as tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. The contribution of the GFRP reinforcement in compression was neglected due to the anisotropic nature of the GFRP reinforcement and the low modulus of elasticity. The main reference basis for the elaboration of a parametric study is the fib Bulletin No. 40.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study on the Effect of Nanomaterials and Fibers on the Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composites

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Chanachai Thongchom ◽  
Nima Refahati ◽  
Pouyan Roodgar Saffari ◽  
Peyman Roudgar Saffari ◽  
Meysam Nouri Niyaraki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Basalt Fibers ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to explore the tensile and impact properties (tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and impact strength) of polypropylene (PP)-based nanocomposites reinforced with graphene nanosheets, nanoclay, and basalt fibers. The response surface methodology (RSM) with Box–Behnken design (BBD) was adopted as the experimental design. An internal mixer was used to prepare compounds consisting of 0, 0.75 and 1.5 wt% graphene nanosheets, 0, 10 and 20 wt% basalt fibers, and 0, 3 and 6 wt% nanoclay. The samples were prepared by a hot press machine for mechanical testing. The tensile tests were run to determine the tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity, and the Charpy impact tests were performed to assess the impact strength. It was found that the addition of basalt increased the tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and impact strength by 32%, 64% and 18%, respectively. Also, the incorporation of the low-weight graphene nanosheets increased the tensile and impact strength by 15% and 20%, respectively, Adding graphene nanosheets generally improved the modulus of elasticity by 66%. Similarly, the addition of nanoclay improved the tensile strength by 17% and increased the modulus of elasticity by 59%, but further addition of it decreased the impact strength by 19%. The values obtained by this experiment for the mechanical property were roughly close to the data yielded from desirability optimization.

scholarly journals Study on Tensile Properties of CFRP Plates under Elevated Temperature Exposure

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongxin Yang ◽  
Yanju Jiang ◽  
Hongjun Liang ◽  
Xiaosan Yin ◽  
Yue Huang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Elevated temperature exposure has a negative effect on the performance of the matrix resin in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) plates, whereas limited quantitative research focuses on the deteriorations. Therefore, 30 CFRP specimens were designed and tested under elevated temperatures (10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 °C) to explore the degradations in tensile properties. The effect of temperature on the failure mode, stress-strain curve, tensile strength, elastic modulus and elongation of CFRP plates were investigated. The results showed that elevated temperature exposure significantly changed the failure characteristics. When the exposed temperature increased from 10 °C to 90 °C, the failure mode changed from the global factures in the whole CFRP plate to the successive fractures in carbon fibers. Moreover, with temperatures increasing, tensile strength and elongation of CFRP plates decreases gradually while the elastic modulus shows negligible change. Finally, the results of One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) show that the degradation of the tensile strength of CFRP plates was due to the impact of elevated temperature exposure, rather than the test error.

scholarly journals Effect of Elevated Temperature on Residual Strength of Self Compacted Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Snahashish Paul ◽  
Muhammad Harunur Rashid ◽  
Md Anisur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Water Quenching ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Residual Capacity

Self Compacted Concrete (SCC) is a material used in the construction industry to ensure proper compaction of concrete without providing any external energy. In case of exposure of SCC to accidental fire, an assessment of its residual capacity is needed. This study covers the observation of residual compressive strength, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of self compacted concrete under elevated temperatures (150, 300, 450, 600 and 800⁰C) and cooling conditions (air cooling and water quenching). The compressive strength increased at 150⁰C and decreased continuously after this temperature. However, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity decreased at elevated temperatures compared with ambient temperature. The compressive strength at ambient temperature (30⁰C) was 27.0 MPa, and it raised to 28.7 MPa at 150⁰C for air cooling and 27.8 MPa for water quenching. Journal of Engineering Science 11(2), 2020, 107-115

scholarly journals MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL AERATED LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE REINFORCED WITH IRON LATHING WASTE

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
Samer S. Abdulhussein ◽  
◽  
Ashraf A. Alfeehan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Static Modulus ◽  
Flexural Tensile Strength ◽  
Static Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
The Impact

Currently, the industry of construction requires finding efficient materials to increase the durability and strength as well as decreasing the concrete structure’s total weight. Therefore, an effort was made in this study for examining the impact of adding waste materials such as the iron lathing waste fibers. Iron lathe wastes have been deformed into twisted strips with a width of (4mm) and sieving size of (4.75-10) mm. The experimental investigation has been achieved with the use of four mixes related to light-weight concretes, involving different volumetric ratios of the iron lathing waste fibers as (0%, 1 %, 1.5 %, and 2 %). With the increase in the volume fraction of the lathing waste fibers from 0% to 2%, the results showed that there were a significant increase and improvement in compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural tensile strength, static modulus of elasticity, and dynamic modulus of elasticity by 12%, 67.5%, 134%, 27%, and 26% respectively. This indicates that the iron waste fibers have an important impact in enhancing the mechanical properties of the hardened concrete through the structural change in the concrete matrix.

scholarly journals Physico-mechanical Behaviors and Durability of Heated Fiber Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1582-1593
Author(s):  
Redha Benali ◽  
Mekki Mellas ◽  
Mohamed Baheddi ◽  
Tarek Mansouri ◽  
Rafik Boufarh
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Polypropylene Fibers ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Flexural Tensile Strength ◽  
Loss Of Mass ◽  
The Impact

The objective of the present manuscript is to describe the impact of polypropylene fibers on the behavior of heated concrete subjected to heating and cooling cycles at temperatures of 200, 450 and 600 °C respectively for six hours, through a series of experimental tests on mass loss, water absorption, porosity, compressive and tensile strength. For this purpose, mixes were prepared with a water/cement ratio with the incorporation of polypropylene fibers with a rate varying from 0.5 to 1.5%. These fibers were added in order to improve the thermal stability and to prevent the concrete from splitting. The results show that a considerable loss of strength was noticed for all tested specimens. The relative compressive strengths of the concretes containing polypropylene fibers were higher than those of the concretes without fibers. Also, a greater loss of mass of the polypropylene fibers compared to those without fibers was noticed when increasing the temperature. The flexural tensile strength of the concrete was more sensitive to elevated temperatures than the compressive strength and a rapid increase in porosity was observed for the fiber-reinforced concrete compared to the reference concrete. Furthermore, water absorption by the fibers is proportional to the fiber content of the concrete. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091745 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Influence of Maximum Aggregate Grain Size on the Strength Properties and Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3918
Author(s):  
Jacek Góra ◽  
Małgorzata Szafraniec
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Deformation Properties ◽  
Strength And Deformation ◽  
Concrete Elements

Depending on the dimensions of concrete elements, aggregates of different grain sizes are used for the building structures. Taking this fact into account, the authors of the paper have undertaken in their work an issue concerning the analysis of the influence of maximum aggregate grain size on the strength properties and modulus of elasticity of concrete. This is also due to the fact that few published research results are available in this area. In this paper, the influence of the maximum grain size on the basic strength and deformation properties of concrete is discussed. The research concerns both concretes and gravel aggregates used for their construction with maximum grain sizes of 8 mm, 16 mm and 31.5 mm. The values of the compressive and splitting tensile strength, brittleness and modulus of elasticity of concretes with w/c = 0.45 were analysed. The analysis showed that the strength properties are proportional not only to the maximum size of aggregate grain, but also to the crushing strength of the aggregate. There were no analogous relations found with respect to the modulus of elasticity of the tested concretes. Tensile strength was particularly susceptible to the observed changes.

The Effects on Tensile Properties of Different Winding Way on GFRP Bar

2013 ◽  
Vol 438-439 ◽  
pp. 357-360
Author(s):  
Yu Yang Pang ◽  
Pu Zhang ◽  
Dan Ying Gao ◽  
Fei Mo
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Shear Properties ◽  
Gfrp Bars ◽  
Ultimate Elongation ◽  
Gfrp Bar ◽  
Gfrp Reinforcement

The influence of different surface forms on GFRP reinforcement mainly manifest in bonding between reinforcement materials and concrete, especially when the GFRP bars are used in slope, the form of the surface of GFRP bar will affect reinforced materials torsion and shear properties directly. This article made some tensile tests on several different surface forms of GFRP reinforcement, and learned that the form of the surface wound of GFRP bar make the influence on tensile strength, ultimate elongation and modulus of elasticity. Test results show that the surface of the winding way will affect on the tensile strength, ultimate elongation and modulus of elasticity of GFRP bar.

Effect of combined drink cans and steel fibers on the impact resistance and mechanical properties of concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 6734-6742
Author(s):  
A. Syamsir ◽  
S. M. Mubin ◽  
N. M. Nor ◽  
V. Anggraini ◽  
S. Nagappan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Steel Fibers ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the combine effect of 0.2 % drink cans and steel fibers with volume fractions of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 3% to the mechanical properties and impact resistance of concrete. Hooked-end steel fiber with 30 mm and 0.75 mm length and diameter, respectively was selected for this study.  The drinks cans fiber were twisted manually in order to increase friction between fiber and concrete. The results of the experiment showed that the combination of steel fibers and drink cans fibers improved the strength performance of concrete, especially the compressive strength, flexural strength and indirect tensile strength. The results of the experiment showed that the combination of steel fibers and drink cans fibers improved the compressive strength, flexural strength and indirect tensile strength by 2.3, 7, and 2 times as compare to batch 1, respectively. Moreover, the impact resistance of fiber reinforced concrete has increase by 7 times as compared to non-fiber concretes. Moreover, the impact resistance of fiber reinforced concrete consistently gave better results as compared to non-fiber concretes. The fiber reinforced concrete turned more ductile as the dosage of fibers was increased and ductility started to decrease slightly after optimum fiber dosage was reached. It was found that concrete with combination of 2% steel and 0.2% drink cans fibers showed the highest compressive, split tensile, flexural as well as impact strength.    

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Impact of Organic Fillers on Selected Properties of Organosilicon Polymer

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1103
Author(s):  
Sara Sarraj ◽  
Małgorzata Szymiczek ◽  
Tomasz Machoczek ◽  
Maciej Mrówka
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Pistachio Shell ◽  
Thermoplastic Matrix ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
The Impact

Eco-friendly composites are proposed to substitute commonly available polymers. Currently, wood–plastic composites and natural fiber-reinforced composites are gaining growing recognition in the industry, being mostly on the thermoplastic matrix. However, little data are available about the possibility of producing biocomposites on a silicone matrix. This study focused on assessing selected organic fillers’ impact (ground coffee waste (GCW), walnut shell (WS), brewers’ spent grains (BSG), pistachio shell (PS), and chestnut (CH)) on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of silicone-based materials. Density, hardness, rebound resilience, and static tensile strength of the obtained composites were tested, as well as the effect of accelerated aging under artificial seawater conditions. The results revealed changes in the material’s properties (minimal density changes, hardness variation, overall decreasing resilience, and decreased tensile strength properties). The aging test revealed certain bioactivities of the obtained composites. The degree of material degradation was assessed on the basis of the strength characteristics and visual observation. The investigation carried out indicated the impact of the filler’s type, chemical composition, and grain size on the obtained materials’ properties and shed light on the possibility of acquiring ecological silicone-based materials.

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