scholarly journals Linkages Between Air Pollution and the Health Burden From COVID-19: Methodological Challenges and Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (11) ◽  
pp. 1238-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarik Benmarhnia
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Epidemiologic Evidence ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
Common Shock ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Differential Exposure ◽  
Indirect Impacts

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic revealed and exacerbated existing social and economic health disparities, and actionable epidemiologic evidence is needed to identify potential vulnerability factors to help inform targeted responses. In this commentary, methodological challenges and opportunities regarding the links between air pollution and COVID-19 are discussed with a focus on 2 factors: 1) the role of differential exposure to air pollution across populations as an explanation for spatiotemporal variability of the epidemic spread and resultant mortality; and 2) the indirect impacts of interventions to control COVID-19 person-to-person spread treated as natural experiments on air pollution and population health. I first discuss the potential mechanisms between exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 and the opportunity to clearly formulate causal questions of interest through the target trial framework. Then, I discuss challenges regarding the use of quasiexperimental designs that capitalize on the differential timing of COVID-19 policies including the selection of control groups and potential violations of the common shock assumption. Finally, I discuss environmental justice implications of this many-headed beast of a crisis.

The Science of Wisdom in a Polarized World: Knowns and Unknowns

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Grossmann ◽  
Nic M. Weststrate ◽  
Monika Ardelt ◽  
Justin Peter Brienza ◽  
Mengxi Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Cognitive Sciences ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
The Common ◽  
Empirical Approaches ◽  
And Training ◽  
Contextual Differences

Interest in wisdom in the cognitive sciences, psychology, and education has been paralleled by conceptual confusions about its nature and assessment. To clarify these issues and promote consensus in the field, wisdom researchers met in Toronto in July of 2019, resolving disputes through discussion. Guided by a survey of scientists who study wisdom-related constructs, we established a common wisdom model, observing that empirical approaches to wisdom converge on the morally-grounded application of metacognition to reasoning and problem-solving. After outlining the function of relevant metacognitive and moral processes, we critically evaluate existing empirical approaches to measurement and offer recommendations for best practices. In the subsequent sections, we use the common wisdom model to selectively review evidence about the role of individual differences for development and manifestation of wisdom, approaches to wisdom development and training, as well as cultural, subcultural, and social-contextual differences. We conclude by discussing wisdom’s conceptual overlap with a host of other constructs and outline unresolved conceptual and methodological challenges.

Emerging Challenges and Opportunities of Mobile Commerce in India: A Study on Societal Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Utkarsh Kumar ◽  
Anil Kumar Gope ◽  
Shweta Singh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Societal Perspective ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Mobile Commerce ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The People ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

In India, the position of mobile banking was in saga and this time, it is in pic position. The speedof reaching the people is going high and high. This is time of wireless world and sense of prestige; no doubt the mobile commerce is contributing to enhance the beauty of life and playing the role of metaphor and has become the part and parcel of our life. This growth has changed people to do business in mobile commerce (М- Commerce). Peoples are transferring to M-Commerce to attain good and fast transaction into market and saving their precious time. M-Commerce has become distinguished in Indian people, quickly during last few years. Due to large number of mobile application, growth rate in mobile penetration in India is increasing with the rapid speed. The mobile users has shifted to use the android phone from simple and black and white phone and taking the service of internet, the role of telecom companies is also important in the being popular of mobile commerce. Although many people have started E-Commerce but still a separate part of the society feel uncomfortable and hesitate to use M-Commerce because of security problems, payment issues and complexity of mobile applications. This paper identifies facts about the feasibility of MCommercein India today its growth and the Strength and opportunity, weakness and threats lying ahead.

RURAL TOURISM IN INDIA CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Sharma ◽  
Ravi Parkash
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Rural Location ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Political Background ◽  
The Government

The paper analyze the role of rural tourism for the development of rural areas, The study analyzed how the different types of tourist product diversifications influence the development possibilities of studied rural areas in India. The government should sponsor private Sector to promote tourism in rural areas. For upgrading the rural tourism government requires to understand the rural location, demography, socio-culture, financial and political background of that area. How we can involve the rural citizens to improve their socio-economic condition. The objective of this paper is to present an update on rural tourism expansion and development in India. Rural tourism is rising in terms of number of visitors and the government of India should focus on it as an engine of growth

Doing Tricks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Borba
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Feminist Theory ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Business Transaction ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
Social Scientific

Sex work has long been of interest to a variety of fields, among them anthropology, sociology, public health, and feminist theory, to name but a few. However, with very few exceptions, sociolinguistics seems to have ignored the fact that commercial sex, as an intersubjective business transaction, is primarily negotiated in embodied linguistic interaction. By reviewing publications in distinct social scientific areas that directly or indirectly discuss the role of language in the sex industry, this chapter critically assesses the analytical affordances and methodological challenges for a sociolinguistics of sex work. It does so by discussing the “tricks” played by sex work, as a power-infused context of language use in which issues of agency (or lack thereof) are paramount, on sociolinguistic theory and methods. The chapter concludes that the study of language in commercial sex venues is sociolinguistically promising and epistemologically timely.

Revolutionizing Mental Health with Social Media

2019 ◽  
pp. 259-284
Author(s):  
Munmun De Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Vulnerable Communities ◽  
Tailored Interventions ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Social Media Platforms

Social media platforms have emerged as rich repositories of information relating to people’s activities, emotions, and linguistic expression. This chapter highlights how these data may be harnessed to reason about human mental and psychological well-being. It also discusses the emergent role of social media in providing a platform of self-disclosure and support to distressed and vulnerable communities. It reflects on how this new line of research bears potential for informing the design of timely and tailored interventions, provisions for improved personal and societal well-being assessment, privacy and ethical considerations, and the challenges and opportunities of the increasing ubiquity of social media.

scholarly journals The continuum of simulator-based maritime training and education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-eun Kim ◽  
Amit Sharma ◽  
Morten Bustgaard ◽  
William C. Gyldensten ◽  
Ole Kristian Nymoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Competency Development ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Maritime Education ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Maritime Operations ◽  
Maritime Education And Training

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges to the maritime supply chain and called for accelerated adoption of digital technologies in various aspects of maritime operations, including the area of maritime education and training (MET). This paper aims to discuss the current maritime simulator-based training and educational practices that forms an integral part in seafarer training and competency development. The study provides a review of the existing simulators in use in MET, and discusses upon the technological and pedagogical advancement of maritime simulator-based training interventions with predictions regarding the future MET practices with use of virtual reality and cloud-based simulators. This study—by focusing on ship’s bridge operations—highlights the characteristics of various types of simulators and also discusses the role of instructors, challenges, and opportunities involving future simulator-based MET due to accelerated adoption of digital technologies and the need to comply with pandemic-related restrictions for MET institutes. The analysis generated in the paper may contribute to the ongoing discussion regarding the future of simulator-based MET and the fulfillment of the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 in the maritime sector.

scholarly journals Kidney organoid systems for studies of immune-mediated kidney diseases: challenges and opportunities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa C. Stein ◽  
Fabian Braun ◽  
Christian F. Krebs ◽  
Madeleine J. Bunders
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Chronic Kidney Diseases ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Primary Epithelial Cell ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Global Population

AbstractAcute and chronic kidney diseases are major contributors to morbidity and mortality in the global population. Many nephropathies are considered to be immune-mediated with dysregulated immune responses playing an important role in the pathogenesis. At present, targeted approaches for many kidney diseases are still lacking, as the underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. With the recent development of organoids—a three-dimensional, multicellular culture system, which recapitulates important aspects of human tissues—new opportunities to investigate interactions between renal cells and immune cells in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases arise. To date, kidney organoid systems, which reflect the structure and closer resemble critical aspects of the organ, have been established. Here, we highlight the recent advances in the development of kidney organoid models, including pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids and primary epithelial cell-based tubuloids. The employment and further required advances of current organoid models are discussed to investigate the role of the immune system in renal tissue development, regeneration, and inflammation to identify targets for the development of novel therapeutic approaches of immune-mediated kidney diseases.

scholarly journals Towards Sustainable Mobility? The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Romanian Mobile Citizens in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4023
Author(s):  
Silvia Marcu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
New Models ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Depth Interviews

Using the case study of Romanians in Spain, this article highlights how the COVID-19 crisis presents both challenges and opportunities when it comes to human mobility and sustainability. Drawing on in-depth interviews with mobile people during the period of lockdown and circulation restrictions, and in accordance with the objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the paper advances and contributes to the relevance of sustainability and its impact on people’s mobility in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. I argue that even in the midst of the crisis, sustainable ways may be found to promote and protect human mobility. The paper raises the way sustainability acts as a driver, gains relevance and influence, and contributes to the creation of new models of resilient mobility in times of crisis. The conclusions defend the respect for the SDGs regarding human mobility and emphasise the role of people on the move as sustainable actors learning to overcome distance and the barriers to their mobility during the pandemic.

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