scholarly journals The Dual Burden of Malnutrition in Brazil Among Children 4–13.9 Years of Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 933-933
Author(s):  
Andrea Anater ◽  
Kevin Mathias ◽  
Joel Hampton ◽  
Alison Eldridge ◽  
Vanessa Campos
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity among children aged 4 to 13.9 years in Brazil. Methods Caregivers of a cross-sectional random sample of children aged 4–13.9 years (n = 970) identified in three census regions in Brazil were surveyed. Children's body weight and height were measured using a calibrated scale and a stadiometer following U.S. Centers for Disease Prevention and Control procedures. Reference cut-points generated from a previous sample of Brazilian children using the LMS method to calculated sex specific BMI growth curves that intersected BMIs of 17.5, 25 and 30, at 20 years of age, were used to define underweight, overweight and obese children, respectively. Results Among older children, the prevalence of underweight and obesity decreased while overweight remained relatively stable across all age groups. The percentage (% ± SE) for underweight, overweight, and obese among 4–6.9 year olds (n = 319) were 5.7 ± 1%, 36 ± 4%, and 17 ± 3%, respectively. For 7–10.9 year olds (n = 396), these percentages were 3.1 ± 1%, 38 ± 3%, and 13 ± 2%; and for 11–13.9 year olds (n = 255), 3.2 ± 2%, 37 ± 5%, and 10 ± 3%. The overall percentage of underweight, overweight, and obese for males (n = 508) were 2.8 ± 1%, 34 ± 3%, and 11 ± 2%; and for females (n = 462), 4.9 ± 1%, 40 ± 3%, and 16 ± 2%. The prevalence of malnutrition among females was higher than for males for each condition and across all age categories except among 7–10.9 year olds with overnutrition. Conclusions Brazil is a middle-income country undergoing a rapid nutrition transition. A shift in dietary patterns and consumption and energy expenditures can result in the double burden of malnutrition, characterized by the coexistence of undernutrition and overweight and obesity within the population. Both are serious health problems, particularly when they occur in childhood as the effects can linger into adulthood. In 2019, the prevalence of overweight and obesity remain elevated, as does underweight, particularly among females. Promotion of physical activity and encouraging healthy dietary habits are needed to curtail obesity and overweight rates, with poverty reduction efforts enhanced to address the prevalence of underweight children. Funding Sources This project was funded by Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Lausanne, Switzerland.

scholarly journals Nutrition Transition & Double Burden of Malnutrition in Africa: A Case Study of Four Selected Countries with Different Income Levels (P10-074-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kilee Kimmel ◽  
Teresia Mbogori ◽  
Mengxi Zhang ◽  
Jayanthi Kandiah ◽  
Youfa Wang
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Double Burden Of Malnutrition

Abstract Objectives Disease and lifestyle patterns have been changing rapidly worldwide including Africa due to recent changes in economic growth and urbanization. However, research related to the effects of these changes on nutrition status in Africa is limited. This study investigated the shifts in nutritional status (undernutrition, overweight, obesity) in children and adults in 4 carefully selected low-, middle- and high income countries in Africa, identified factors associated with the shifts, and provided recommendations for future work. Methods Malawi, Kenya, Ghana, and South Africa were selected based on their economic status, population size, urbanization, etc. Nationally representative data was obtained from sources such as 2017 Global Nutrition Report, Demographic Health Surveys (DHSs), Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT), and World Health Organization (WHO). The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity (ov/ob), and some ratios were assessed and compared across the countries between 1998 and 2016. Results Varied nutrition status and shifts were observed among the countries during 1998–2016. Countries with the higher economic status also had higher prevalence and faster increasing trends of ov/ob. South Africa had the highest GDP and highest ov/ob rates in children <5, children 5-18, and adults >18 (13.3%, 24.7%, and 51.9% respectively). Malawi, with the lowest GDP, had the highest stunting rate (37%). In each country, but most notably in South Africa, trends indicated the increasing ov/ob rate (11.8%) was much greater than the declining underweight rate (2.4%). Slight declines in overweight in children under 5 years were observed in Malawi, Kenya, and Ghana, which might be due to reduced stunting rates. Sex differences existed in older children and adults, with higher rates of ov/ob in females and undernutrition among males. Conclusions Nutrition shifts, heavily influenced by economic development, are rapidly occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. The double-burden of malnutrition posts prioritization challenges for policymakers. Because undernutrition is now a declining issue, the focus should be shifted towards prevention of obesity, at least in higher income countries in Africa. Funding Sources The study is funded in part by a center grant from the US National Institutes of Health (NIH, U54HD070725).

scholarly journals Dietary correlates of overweight and obesity among adolescents during the current nutrition transition: a cross sectional study in Kerala

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 3140
Author(s):  
Sivakumar C. P. ◽  
Jose Joseph ◽  
Manjula V. D.
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Nutritional Transition

Background: Overweight and obesity during childhood is a matter of growing concern among many low and middle income countries. Obesity in the developing world can be seen as a result of a series of changes in diet, physical activity health and nutrition. This is collectively known as ‘nutrition transition.Methods: The present study was conducted in an urban area of Kottayam district in Kerala. The schools were stratified into government, aided and unaided categories. Cluster sampling technique was used and data was collected after informed consent.Results: Obesity and overweight were found to be higher in children who consume butter/ghee, fried local foods, red meat/chicken and pizza/burgers frequently. The factors related to eating behaviour include time for finishing meals, parent force to eat, skipping of breakfast, family eats out and consumption of fast food.Conclusions: Nutritional transition has contributed to the problem of adolescent obesity.

scholarly journals Differences in Dietary Intakes among Lebanese Adults over a Decade: Results from Two National Surveys 1997–2008/2009

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Nasreddine ◽  
Jennifer J. Ayoub ◽  
Fatima Hachem ◽  
Jiana Tabbara ◽  
Abla M. Sibai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income

Amidst the ongoing societal and economic shifts in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR), this study aims at investigating temporal trends in food consumption and nutrient intakes among Lebanese adults, by age and sex. Data were derived from two national cross-sectional surveys conducted in Lebanon during two time periods (1997; 2008/2009). In both surveys, dietary assessment was based on 24-h recalls. The results, expressed as % energy intake (%EI), revealed a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in the consumption of bread, fruits, fresh fruit juices, milk and eggs, whereas the consumption of added fats and oils, poultry, cereals and cereal-based products, chips and salty crackers, sweetened milk and hot beverages increased over time (p < 0.001). A significant increase in dietary energy (kcal/day) and fat intake (%EI) was observed, coupled with decreases in carbohydrate intake (%EI) and dietary density of vitamin A and vitamin C (per 1000 kcal) (p < 0.001). These changes were noted in both genders and across age groups, albeit there were some disparities between groups. In conclusion, based on national nutrition surveys, this study is the first to characterize the nutrition transition in a middle-income country of the EMR, shedding light on priority areas for nutrition policies and interventions.

scholarly journals World’s Malnutrition Paradox; Gaps in Looking Back and Looking Ahead

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Current Century

Objective: This paper examines paradigms in the double burden of malnutrition. It explores the speed of nutrition transition, summarizes the drifts and trends in prevalence rates between under nutrition and overnutrition. Design and Setting: Review of outcomes that focus on large scale surveys, national and global representative studies on diet, physical activity, obesogenic environment and obesity among children, adolescents and adults. Subjects: The WHO guidelines for classifying and defining overweight and obesity are used for children and adolescents and the body mass index of ≥ 25kg/m2 and 30kg/m2 are used for adult’s overweight and obesity respectively. Results: The nutrition transition shifts are examined from the 20th century to the current century in Europe. China, USA and the low and middle income countries of Africa, Asia and Middle East. Paradoxically, the two forms of malnutrition exist. Undernutrition is observed to be decreasing whereas overnutrition is increasing rampantly. The problem is cutting across all classes of people; rich or poor and the magnitude is becoming a health burden especially in developing countries. The shifts have dominated to overweight, obesity and diet related comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and some cancers. Conclusive evidence on the global malnutrition situation is still elusive but available data forecasts trend in the shifts. Conclusion: This work shows that the two forms of malnutrition exists in discordance but overweight and obesity is encroaching rapidly and is a risk to diet-related NCDs, yet they can be significantly reduced.

scholarly journals Prevalence of underweight in the Roma population from a rural area in the south part of Romania- Călăraşi county

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Rusu ◽  
Georgiana Enache ◽  
Alexandra Alexescu ◽  
Florin Rusu ◽  
Andrada Cosoreanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
The South ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Roma Population

AbstractBackground and aim:The Roma population is one of the ethnic minorities with a long history of malnutrition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of underweight in Roma population living in rural settlements from Călăraşi County in the south part of Romania.Methods:This cross-sectional, epidemiological, non-interventional study was conducted from March 2014 to May 2017 in several villages from Calarasi County. We analized the data from 978 people: 660 Roma (457 females/203 males), and 318 Romanian Caucasians (213 females/105 males) aged between 18 and 88 yr. Body mass index (BMI) was classified using the definitions of World Health Organization and a BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 was defined as underweight.Results:In Roma population group, the prevalence of underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity was 4.5% (n = 30), 26.5% (n = 175), 25% (n = 165) and 43.9% (n = 290) respectively. The prevalence of underweight was higher in Roma population compared to Romanian Caucasian, with a significantly higher prevalence in young age groups, 6.9% in 18–29-year age group and 8.2% in 30–39-year age group as well as in the age group of over 70 years (7.5%).Among the Roma population, in multivariate adjustment for all covariates in a backward stepwise elimination procedure, significant predictors of underweight were a current smoking and lower socio-educational level (under eight classes).Conclusions:Our results confirm and reinforce the need to implement prevention programs in high-risk populations such as the Roma population, due to the double burden of malnutrition, low access to the health system, low socio-economic level, limited access to education lack of medical education and preventive healthcare.

Thinness, overweight, and obesity among 6- to 17-year-old Malaysians: Secular trends and sociodemographic determinants from 2006-2015

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Maria S. Mohamad ◽  
Balkish Mahadir Naidu ◽  
Riittakerttu Kaltiala ◽  
Suvi M. Virtanen ◽  
Susanna Lehtinen-Jacks
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sociodemographic Determinants

Abstract Objective: To examine secular trends and sociodemographic determinants of thinness, overweight, and obesity among Malaysian children and adolescents in 2006-2015. Design: We used cross-sectional data from the National Health and Morbidity Surveys 2006, 2011, and 2015. Individuals were classified into pre- (6-9 years), early (10-13 years) and mid (14-17 years) adolescence. BMI status was determined according to the IOTF and WHO criteria, using measured height and weight. We analysed trends using log-binomial regression, by sex-age groups, stratified by sociodemographic factors (ethnicity, residential area, household size, household income), and accounting for the complex survey design. Associations between sociodemographic factors and prevalence of thinness and overweight (obesity included) in 2015 were assessed using log-Poisson regression. Setting: Nationwide population-based surveys, Malaysia. Participants: Eligible 6-17-year-olds from urban and rural residential areas (N=28,094). Results: The prevalence of thinness decreased from 2006 to 2015 (IOTF: boys from 22% to 18%, girls from 23% to 19%; WHO: boys from 9% to 7%, girls from 8% to 6%), while the prevalence of overweight increased (IOTF: boys from 20% to 26%, girls from 19% to 24%; WHO: boys from 25% to 31%, girls from 22% to 27%). These changes were statistically significant in most sex-age groups. Thinness and overweight co-existed in all sociodemographic subgroups, with variation in the prevalence estimates, but similar secular changes in most subgroups. Conclusions: Malaysia is facing a double burden of malnutrition at population level with a secular increase in overweight and obesity and a gradual decrease in thinness among 6-17-year-olds from varying sociodemographic backgrounds.

scholarly journals Factors associated with overweight in children living in the neighbourhoods of an urban area of Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1056-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena de Carvalho Cremm ◽  
Fernanda Helena Marrocos Leite ◽  
Débora Silva Costa de Abreu ◽  
Maria Aparecida de Oliveira ◽  
Fernanda Baeza Scagliusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Active Transportation ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The City

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the individual and family determinants of being overweight among children younger than 10 years of age.DesignCross-sectional survey. Direct data on children's age, food intake, physical activity, type of transportation used and anthropometric measurements, as well as the education level of the mothers, were collected by trained interviewers.SettingPopulation-based study in the city of Santos, Brazil.SubjectsA total of 531 children under 10 years of age (302 aged <6 years, 229 aged ≥6 years), living in the city of Santos.ResultsThe overall prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI-for-age Z-score >1) was 35·4 % for children under 6 years and 38·9 % for children aged 6–10 years. The socio-economic status of the family was associated with being overweight for both age groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that the lower the socio-economic status, the higher the likelihood of being overweight, among both younger children (OR = 7·73; P = 0·02) and older children (OR = 1·98; P = 0·04). The use of active transportation was associated with a lower likelihood of being overweight, but only among younger children (OR = 1·70; P = 0·05).ConclusionsSocio-economic status seems to be an important individual-level determinant of overweight in children. Public policies should consider promoting the use of active transportation, as the results showed it to have a positive effect on reducing overweight issues. The high prevalence of overweight in younger children suggests that this age group should be a priority in health-promoting interventions.

Prevalence, risk factors and consequences of overweight and obesity among schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study in Kashmir, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Ashraf Ganie ◽  
Gulzar Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Ishfaq Ahmad Wani ◽  
Aafia Rashid ◽  
Showkat Ali Zargar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractBackground:Obesity among children and adolescents is a growing public health problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, risk factors and metabolic consequences of obesity among schoolchildren from Kashmir, India.Methods:The study subjects (n=2024) included 870 boys and 1154 girls, aged between 6 and 18 years. Data were collected by interviewer-administered questionnaires. Information was obtained about different lifestyles, anthropometric parameters and dietary habits. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) percentile as per the guidelines of Centers for Disease Control, 2000. For the evaluation of different clinical parameters, blood samples were collected from the subjects in the fasting state at 8 to 9 am after an overnight (10–12 h) fast.Results:The highest representation of subjects was from fee-paying private schools. Out of the total subjects, 6.69% were overweight and 4.64% were obese. The hip circumference, abdominal circumference, BMI, blood pressure (BP), use of ready-made foods as well as the clinical parameters like glucose, phosphorous, cholesterol and triglycerides were found significantly higher among girls than boys (p<0.05). Boys were taller and were physically more active than girls (p<0.01). Compared to the boys (3.33%), the girls were found to be more obese (5.63%). Rural dwelling subjects (4.22%) exhibited a lower percentage of obesity than urban population (5.00%). The difference in obesity among the different age groups was found statistically significant (p<0.05). Additionally, children with active lives in the form of vigorous (10.59%) or moderate (10.34%) exercise decreased their chances of gaining weight substantially.Conclusions:Results from the present study have shown that prevalence of obesity among children was high in our population.

scholarly journals Female Obesity: An Emerging Threat in Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1645-1645
Author(s):  
Imasha Jayasinghe ◽  
Ayesh Hettiarachchi ◽  
Iresha Koralegedara ◽  
Gayani Amarasinghe ◽  
Thilini Agampodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Vehicle Ownership ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Context Specific

Abstract Objectives Emerging body of evidence clearly shows a transgenerational effect of obesity. The maternal health programme in low- and middle-income countries are typically focusing on undernutrition, while the burden of overweight and obesity are mostly overlooked. The objective of this study was to evaluate the burden of malnutrition in a cohort of pregnant mothers in Sri Lanka. Methods A cross sectional analysis was conducted as a part of an ongoing cohort of all pregnant women registered in the public health system and having a period of gestation less than 12 weeks in Anuradhapura district, Sri Lanka were recruited over three months period during 2019. Clinical and anthropometric assessments were done in 240 dedicated clinics. Results Total of 3190 mothers were recruited with full anthropometric profile with mean age of 28.3 years (SD 5.6). Prevalence of overweight, obesity grade I, II and III according to Asian cut off limits were 15.3% (n = 520), 31.4%(n = 1065), 1.5% (n = 51) and 2% (n = 7) respectively. Prevalence of underweight was only 15.9%. Waist circumference &gt;80 cm was reported among 1189 (35%) mothers. A marked spatial distribution of obesity was observed with ranging from 23% to 46%. As a more important and unbiased factor in the first trimester of pregnancy, we looked at the predictors of WC &gt;80. After the adjustment for POA and age, living environment variables indicating higher level of financial status such as using electricity as main cooking fuel (OR 2.276), having a wooden floor (OR 1.688), floor tiles (OR 1.377), three-wheeler (OR 1.22) or other vehicle ownership (OR 1.287) were associated with central obesity. Higher education level of women and lower educational level of husband were also identified as predictors. Women from moor ethnic group were also at a higher risk compared to others. Conclusions Context specific strategies are required to tackle the double burden of malnutrition and the observed gross micro geographical variation in obesity needs further studies. Funding Sources Accelerating Higher Education Expansion And Development (AHEAD) Operation.

scholarly journals Nutrition Transition in the Post-Economic Crisis of Greece: Assessing the Nutritional Gap of Food-Insecure Individuals. A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Chatzivagia ◽  
Aleks Pepa ◽  
Antonis Vlassopoulos ◽  
Olga Malisova ◽  
Konstantina Filippou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Nutrition Transition ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Assistance Program

Food insecurity has risen by 40% in Europe’s post-economic crisis, linked to the economic turmoil and austerity. Despite the intensification of efforts to fight all forms of poverty, including the implementation of programs targeted to the most deprived, the study of individuals at risk of food insecurity has been largely neglected. This study aimed to map the nutritional habits and needs of the most deprived in Greece, one of the countries most affected by the economic crisis. Individuals classified as most deprived under the Fund for the European Aid to the Most Deprived (FEAD) criteria (n = 499) from across Greece and an age matched control from the general population (n = 500) were interviewed between December 2017 and December 2019. Participants provided information about demographic characteristics, and self-reported anthropometric measures and nutritional intake of the past month via a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Protein and energy malnutrition were defined as daily intake <1.950 kcal and ≤0.75 g/kg body-weight accordingly. Protein and energy malnutrition were high among FEAD recipients (52.3% and 18.6% respectively, p < 0.001), alongside a high prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI > 25: 68.4% versus 55.1%; p < 0.001). The diet of FEAD recipients included higher amounts of carbohydrates, lower amounts of monounsaturated fat (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fat (PUFA; p < 0.001 compared to control), larger amounts of plant-based proteins (5.81 ± 1.7 versus 4.94 ± 1.3% E respectively, p < 0.001) and very limited intake of fish (0.07 portions/day). Despite being enrolled in a food assistance program, protein and energy malnutrition is prevalent among Greece’s most deprived who experience not only lower diet quality but also the double burden of malnutrition.

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