In defence of a modular curriculum for tasks

ELT Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
Structural Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Language Curriculum ◽  
Classroom Processes ◽  
Instructional Contexts

Abstract In this article, I start by distinguishing two approaches to the design of a language curriculum: the structural approach and the task-based approach. I then present my views relating to three key question: Is one approach superior to the other? When implemented, do these approaches result in different classroom processes? Are there advantages in combining the two approaches? I argue that the evidence points to the superiority of a task-based approach, that prior explicit instruction can have a deleterious effect on the performance of tasks and that a curriculum that combines the two approaches is preferable. I conclude by pointing out the flexibility of a modular curriculum that makes it well suited to a variety of instructional contexts.

scholarly journals BENTUK DAN STRUKTUR PENYAJIAN TARI TINGANG NELISE PADA SUKU DAYAK BAHAU BUSANG SUB SUKU LONG GELAAT DI ULU MAHAKAM

JOGED ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-214
Author(s):  
Katarina Devung
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Structural Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Folk Dance ◽  
Structure Approach ◽  
Group Movement ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
The Right

Tari Tingang Nelise merupakan tari tradisional yang berkembang di desa Long Tuyoq khususnya Sub Suku Long Gelaat. Tarian ini merupakan tarian rakyat yang dibawakan secara khusus pada saat acara Nemlaai, acara adat anak, pernikahan, dan Dangai. Tari Tingang Nelise terinspirasi dari keseharian burung Enggang yang sedang merapikan bulunya, memperindah serta mempercantik dirinya. Tari Tingang Nelise adalah salah satu tarian yang memiliki banyak variasi dari tarian-tarian Karang Sapeq. Tingang Nelise awalnya dikenal dengan nama Tari Tingang Mate, namun karena itu memberikan makna yang kurang tepat terlebih lagi karena gerakannya lebih tepat disebut dengan Nelise (berhias). Penelitian ini akan mengupas bentuk dan struktur penyajian tari Tingang Nelise dilihat dari tari tradisional yang menggabungkan motif-motif dari setiap gerakan-gerakannya. Dengan pendekatan koreografi dan struktur. Pendekatan koreografi melihat tema, pelaku, gerak, rias busana, properti, musik iringan dilihat dari bentuk tariannya dibawakan sebagai tari hiburan atau rakyat yang tumbuh di kalangan masyarakat. Pendekatan struktur mengupas tari Tingang Nelise dilihat dari analisis struktural dimulai dari unsur gerak, frase gerak, kalimat gerak dan gugus gerak. Tari Tingang Nelise memiliki ciri khas yang terlihat dari motif-motif geraknya. Gerak yang paling dominan adalah kaki dan tangan. Secara struktur tari Tingang Nelise terbagi ke dalam 4 gugus, dan memiliki 7 motif gerak yang khas yaitu motif gerak Ngaset yang melompat ke kanan dan kiri dengan posisi jongkok, Nyebeb, Nyegung, Nyebib, Lemako, Nyelut, dan Nelise. ABSTRACT Tingang Nelise dance is a traditional dance of Dayak community, Long Gelaat tribe in Long Tuyoq village. This dance is a folk dance that is performed specifically at Nemlaai events, children's traditional events, weddings, and Dangai. Tingang Nelise dance is inspired by the daily activities of hornbills that are grooming their feathers and beautifying themselves. Tingang Nelise dance is one of the dances that have many variations of the Karang Sapeq dances, which is the embodiment of Tingang Nelise or the result of a change in name which was originally known as the Tingang Mate Dance, but because it gives less meaning and also because the movement is more accurately called Nelise (decorated). This research will explore the form and structure of the presentation of the Tingang Nelise dance with a choreography and structure approach. The choreography approach looks at themes, dancers, movements, dress and make-up, properties, and music accompaniment. While the structural approach of the Tingang Nelise dance is seen from the structural analysis of dance in the language analysis which analyzes from the smallest movement. Starting from the elements of movement, motives movement, phrases movement, sentences, and group movement. The results of the analysis conclude that the Tingang Nelise Dance has a characteristic that can be seen from the motives of the movement which are dominated by foot and hand movements. Structurally, the Tingang Nelise dance is divided into 4 groups and has 7 characteristic motive movement, namely the Ngaset that jumps to the right and left in a squatting position. The other motives are Nyebeb, Nyegung, Nyebib, Lemako, Nyelut, and Nelise.

An evaluation of independent learning of the Japanese hiragana system using an interactive CD

ReCALL ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Geraghty ◽  
Ann Marcus Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Learner Autonomy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Independent Learning ◽  
Writing Systems ◽  
Multi Media ◽  
Recognition Level ◽  
Sound Files

AbstractAs Japanese uses three writing systems (hiragana, katakana, and the ideograms known as kanji), and as materials in the target language include all three, it is a major challenge to learn to read and write quickly. This paper focuses on interactive multi-media methods of teaching Japanese reading which foster learner autonomy.As little has been published on interactive multi-media methods of teaching Japanese reading, it seems likely that traditional resources are generally used for this activity. The courseware includes sound files showing the pronunciation of each kana as well as simultaneous animation showing how to write each character. This paper investigates whether interactive courseware, used independently of classroom interaction, results in measurably greater recognition of the hiragana syllabary than more traditional methods. After briefly situating the study in the context of research on the teaching of Japanese reading and learner autonomy, the paper will present the courseware as well as an empirical study comparing the results of the use of the courseware by learners at beginners’ level: one group using the courseware, and the other using paper-based materials. This is followed by an account of learner diaries written by zero-beginner level learners of Japanese using the courseware.The study indicates that acquisition of a recognition-level knowledge of hiragana is approximately twice as fast using the courseware as using paper-based materials. Learners also learned to write the hiragana without explicit instruction.

scholarly journals ANALISIS BAHASA DALAM MANTRA PENGOBATAN SAKIT PERUT SUBSUKU DAYAK DESA KABUPATEN SINTANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
Sudarto Sudarto ◽  
Adpriyadi Adpriyadi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Structural Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interview Techniques ◽  
Language Style ◽  
Recording Techniques

Abstract: study aim at describing the type of language style, word meaning, and Mantra reading environment found in the Mantra Treatment of Stomachache in the Dayak Desa society of Ensaid Panjang Village, Kelam Permai District, Sintang Regency. The method used in this study was descriptive in the form of qualitative research and the approach used was a semiotic structural approach. Data collection techniques used in this study were recording techniques, direct observation, and directional free interview techniques. The results showed that the style of language contained in the Mantra treatment of the the Dayak Desa society of Ensaid Panjang Village consisted of: (1) the style of language contained in the Mantra treatment of the Dayak Village of the Ensaid Panjang Village included: (a) the style of Aleteration repetition (b) the style of the chiasmus repetition. (2) the words contained in the mantra requests that the illness suffered by a person can be cured (3) the environment for the recitation of the mantra of treatment for the Dayak Desa of Ensaid Panjang Village does not have restrictions, in doing the treatment may be at any time, there must an incense and the other is not necessary.

scholarly journals Dissociable effects of visual crowding on the perception of color and motion

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (14) ◽  
pp. 8196-8202 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Greenwood ◽  
Michael J. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Peripheral Vision ◽  
The Other ◽  
Correct Recognition ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Double Dissociation ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Visual Crowding ◽  
Selective Mechanism

Our ability to recognize objects in peripheral vision is fundamentally limited by crowding, the deleterious effect of clutter that disrupts the recognition of features ranging from orientation and color to motion and depth. Previous research is equivocal on whether this reflects a singular process that disrupts all features simultaneously or multiple processes that affect each independently. We examined crowding for motion and color, two features that allow a strong test of feature independence. “Cowhide” stimuli were presented 15° in peripheral vision, either in isolation or surrounded by flankers to give crowding. Observers reported either the target direction (clockwise/counterclockwise from upward) or its hue (blue/purple). We first established that both features show systematic crowded errors (biased predominantly toward the flanker identities) and selectivity for target–flanker similarity (with reduced crowding for dissimilar target/flanker elements). The multiplicity of crowding was then tested with observers identifying both features. Here, a singular object-selective mechanism predicts that when crowding is weak for one feature and strong for the other that crowding should be all-or-none for both. In contrast, when crowding was weak for color and strong for motion, errors were reduced for color but remained for motion, and vice versa with weak motion and strong color crowding. This double dissociation reveals that crowding disrupts certain combinations of visual features in a feature-specific manner, ruling out a singular object-selective mechanism. Thus, the ability to recognize one aspect of a cluttered scene, like color, offers no guarantees for the correct recognition of other aspects, like motion.

scholarly journals Antioxidative and antiphotoaging activities of neferine upon UV-A irradiation in human dermal fibroblasts

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abidullah khan ◽  
Hongliang Bai ◽  
Maoguo Shu ◽  
Mingxia Chen ◽  
Amin Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Human Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Skin Photoaging

Our daily exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) results in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipids, proteins and DNA damage and alteration in fibroblast structure, thus contributing to skin photoaging. For this reason, the use of natural bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity could be a strategic tool to overcome ultraviolet A (UV-A) induced deleterious effect. Neferine is an alkaloid extract from the seed embryos of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn). In the present study, we report the protective effect of neferine against UV-A induced oxidative stress and photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). HDFs subjected to UV-A irradiation showed increased production of ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, it depleted the cellular enzymatic antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) and non-enzymatic antioxidant glutathione peroxidase (GPx). On the other hand, HDFs treated with neferine followed by UV-A irradiation reversed the process, reduced the ROS and lipid peroxidation and restored the antioxidants pool. Moreover, neferine treatment significantly inhibited UV-A induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression in HDFs. Remarkable morphological and ultrastructural alterations observed in HDFs upon UV-A irradiation, were also reduced with neferine treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that neferine has strong antioxidative and photoprotective properties and thus may be a potential agent for the prevention and treatment of UV-A mediated skin photoaging.

Explicit Heuristic Training as a Variable in Problem-Solving Performance

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan H. Schoenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Heuristic Strategies ◽  
Problem Solving Strategies ◽  
The Impact

This experiment examined the impact that explicit instruction in heuristic strategies, above and beyond problem-solving experience, has on students' problem-solving performance. Two groups of students received training in problem solving, spent the same amount of time working on the same problems, and saw identical problem solutions. But half the students were given a list of five problem-solving strategies and were shown explicitly how the strategies were used. The heuristics group significantly outperformed the other students on posttest problems that were similar to, but not isomorphic to, those used in the problem sets. This lends credence to the idea that explicit instruction in heuristics makes a difference--an idea further supported by the transcripts of students solving the problems out loud.

A methodology for the rapid assessment of forage tree defaunating capacity

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 219-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Sandoval Castro ◽  
G. E. Monforte Briceño ◽  
C. M. Capetillo Leal
Keyword(s):  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rumen Protozoa ◽  
Other Hand

It is known that some forage trees have potential defaunating capacity, as rumen protozoa population is reduced when ruminant are feed with them (Odenyo et al., 1997ª,b). The effect has been attributed to saponins (Diaz et al., 1992) and tannins (Odenyo et al., 1997a,b). It is also known that PEG binds to tannins and has been used to reduce the deleterious effect found in animals feed tanniferous trees (Makkar et al., 1998). However, to our knowledge it has not been studied if using PEG to increase digestibility will, on the other hand, affect the defaunating capacity of the tree. The objective of the present study was to develop a simple technique to screen forage trees for defaunation capacity and to assess if PEG could be used to overcome this effect.

EFFECTS OF DIETARY ASPIRIN (ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID) ON THE INCIDENCE OF SUDDEN DEATH SYNDROME AND THE GENERAL PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. PROUDFOOT ◽  
H. W. HULAN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Overall Mortality

A total of 2400 broiler chickens were used in four experiments to estimate the effects of using 0.04, 0.08 and 0.16% aspirin (ASA) as dietary supplements. Not only did the ASA dietary supplementation have no significant (P < 0.05) beneficial effect on the incidence of sudden death syndrome but it also had a deleterious effect on overall mortality which was significant (P < 0.01) in two of the four experiments. Furthermore, the addition of ASA at 0.16% to the diet resulted in reduced body weights which were significant at P < 0.05 in two experiments and at P < 0.10 in the other two experiments. Key words: Aspirin, sudden death syndrome, broiler chickens, growth rate

Does explicit instruction affect L2 linguistic competence? An examination with L2 acquisition of English inverse scope

2021 ◽  
pp. 026765832199283
Author(s):  
Mien-Jen Wu ◽  
Tania Ionin
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
English Learners ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quantifier Scope ◽  
L2 Acquisition

This article investigates whether explicit instruction can affect second language (L2) competence in the domain of English quantifier scope. An intervention study was conducted with L1-Mandarin L2-English learners in order to examine (1) whether these learners can learn inverse scope for the structure on which they are instructed (double-quantifier configuration: A dog scared every man; quantifier-negation configuration: Every sheep did not jump over the fence); (2) whether they can correctly generalize availability of inverse scope from the configuration on which they are instructed to one on which they are not instructed; and (3) whether learners overgeneralize inverse scope to a superficially similar configuration that does not allow inverse scope. Following Schwartz (1993), generalization is taken to be a hallmark of true acquisition (= changes to linguistic competence) as opposed to learning. The results show that learners successfully learn inverse scope for the configuration on which they are instructed, but do not generalize availability of inverse scope to the other configuration. Moreover, learners instructed on double-quantifier configurations overgeneralize availability of inverse scope to island configurations such as There is one dog which scared every man. The findings indicate that in this domain, explicit instruction does not affect linguistic competence.

scholarly journals The effects of explicit instruction of formulaic language on EFL argumentative writing quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Armağan Bakili Akkoç ◽  
Jingjing Qin ◽  
Erkan Karabacak
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Argumentative Writing ◽  
Formulaic Language ◽  
Writing Quality ◽  
Explicit Teaching ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Experimental Group

This study investigated the effects of explicit teaching of formulaic language on the overall quality of Turkish EFL university students’ argumentative writing. Forty-four freshmen and twenty-seven sophomores participated in the study, with half of them assigned to the experimental group and the other to the control group. Forty target formulaic language items were explicitly taught to the experimental group with a variety of activities for four hours in two weeks. The experimental group was found to increase the overall quality scores of their writing significantly after the intervention. They also outperformed the control group in the immediate post-test although a decrease was observed in the delayed post-test. Moreover, a significantly positive correlation was observed between the frequency of the formulaic language items used and the overall quality scores of the essays. It seemed that the explicit instruction of the target items raised the students’ awareness of formulaic language and improved the overall quality of their writing.

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