scholarly journals Mediterranean diet, sociodemographic factors and ultra-processed food consumption in Portugal

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M M Moraes ◽  
B Oliveira ◽  
C Afonso ◽  
C Santos ◽  
R C Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Mediterranean Dietary Pattern ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
High Adherence

Abstract Background Mediterranean diet has been shown to promote beneficial effects on health, while ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has been associated with lower diet quality and higher risk for non-communicable diseases. Our aims were to explore the adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) in Portugal and its association with sociodemographic factors and UPF consumption. Methods Participants were from the Portuguese National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2015-2016, aged 18-84y (n = 3,852). CAPI face-to-face interviews were used including 2 dietary 24-h recalls. UPF were identified using NOVA classification. Adherence to MDP was defined by the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), which may vary from 0 to 9. MDS≥6 was considered as high adherence. Weighted multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore associations of high adherence to MDP with sex, age, region, educational level, family income and dietary share of UPF groups. Results High adherence to MDP was observed for 19.6% of participants and was inversely associated with higher consumption of UPF, namely, sugar-sweetened beverages (OR = 0.924; 95%CI 0.883-0.966), confectionery (OR = 0.893; 95%CI 0.816-0.977), sweet snacks (OR = 0.953; 95%CI 0.923-0.985), cakes/desserts (OR = 0.956; 95%CI 0.934-0.978) and meat products (OR = 0.922; 95%CI 0.874-0.972). Being female (OR = 0.629; 95%CI 0.471-0.841) and not from the North or Alentejo regions were inversely associated with high adherence to MDP. There was no relation between income and adherence to MDP. The higher the level of education or age, the higher the odds of high adherence to MDP (OR = 2.573; 95%CI 1.741-3.803 and OR = 1.028; 95%CI 1.020-1.037, respectively). Conclusions Actions to improve adherence to MDP in Portugal should consider discouraging UPF consumption and be addressed to specific subgroups. Funding POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032090 (FCT/FEDER); FAPESP 2018/07391-9, 2019/05972-7 (MCR), 2016/14302-7 (FR). Key messages High adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern was observed for near 20% of Potuguese over 18 years old. The higher the level of education or age, the higher the odds of high adherence to MDP. High adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern was inversely associated with higher consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, confectionery, sweet snacks, cakes/desserts and meat products.

scholarly journals Racial/ethnic and immigrant differences in early childhood diet quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1308-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke LA de Hoog ◽  
Ken P Kleinman ◽  
Matthew W Gillman ◽  
Tanja GM Vrijkotte ◽  
Manon van Eijsden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Snack Food ◽  
Hispanic Children ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Explanatory Role ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Racial Ethnic

AbstractObjectiveTo assess racial/ethnic differences in the diet in young children and the explanatory role of maternal BMI, immigrant status and perception of child's weight.DesignAmong white, black and Hispanic 3-year-olds, we used negative binomial and linear regression to examine associations of race/ethnicity with foods and nutrients assessed by a validated FFQ.SettingProject Viva, Boston (MA), USA.SubjectsChildren aged 3 years (n 898).ResultsMean age was 38·3 (sd 2·8) months; 464 (52 %) were boys and 127 mothers (14 %) were immigrants. After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, black and Hispanic children (v. white) had a higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (rate ratio (RR) = 2·59 (95 % CI 1·95, 3·48) and RR = 1·59 (95 % CI 1·07, 2·47), respectively) and lower intakes of skimmed/1 % milk (RR = 0·42 (95 % CI 0·33, 0·53) and RR = 0·43 (95 % CI 0·31, 0·61), respectively) and trans-fat (−0·10 (95 % CI −0·18, −0·03) % of energy and −0·15 (95 % CI −0·26, −0·04) % of energy, respectively). Among Hispanics only, a lower intake of snack food (RR = 0·83 (95 % CI 0·72, 0·98)) was found and among blacks only, a higher intake of fast food (RR = 1·28 (95 % CI 1·05, 1·55)) and lower intakes of saturated fat (−0·86 (95 % CI −1·48, −0·23) % of energy), dietary fibre (0·85 (95 % CI 0·08, 1·62) g/d) and Ca (−120 (95 % CI −175, −65) mg/d) were found. Being born outside the USA was associated with more healthful nutrient intakes and less fast food.ConclusionsThree-year-old black and Hispanic (v. white) children ate more sugar-sweetened beverages and less low-fat dairy. Total energy intake was substantially higher in Hispanic children. Snack food (Hispanic children) and fat intakes (black children) tended to be lower. Children of immigrants ate less fast food and bad fats and more fibre.

scholarly journals Longitudinal study of psychopathological, anthropometric and sociodemographic factors related to the level of Mediterranean diet adherence in a community sample of Spanish adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1812-1822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Núria Voltas ◽  
Victoria Arija ◽  
Estefania Aparicio ◽  
Josefa Canals
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Eating Disorder Inventory ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
High Adherence

AbstractObjectiveThe Mediterranean diet (MD) pattern has important health benefits; however, it seems that Spanish school-aged children have been abandoning this healthy pattern recently. We aimed to identify psychopathological, anthropometric and sociodemographic factors that may influence the risk of low MD adherence.DesignLongitudinal study in three phases. MD adherence was assessed using the Krece Plus food questionnaire and psychopathological symptoms using the Screen for Childhood Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, Children’s Depression Inventory, Youth’s Inventory-4 and Eating Disorder Inventory-2. Anthropometric data were collected in the first and third phases.SettingsAll five representative areas in Reus, Spain.SubjectsAdolescents (n241).ResultsRegardless of past and current BMI, socio-economic status was a protective factor for low MD adherence (OR=0·805,P=0·003) and a risk factor for high BMI (OR=0·718,P=0·002; OR=0·707,P=0·001). Regardless of socio-economic status, depression was involved with risk of low adherence (OR=1·069,P=0·021). Girls with lower MD adherence presented significantly higher scores for eating disorders measured using the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (low adherence, mean 18·9 (sd13·5); high adherence, mean 8·9 (sd9·0),P=0·020) and the Youth Inventory-4 (low adherence, mean 5·2 (sd4·3); medium adherence, mean 3·6 (sd3·2),P=0·044). They also presented higher depression symptoms (low adherence, mean 17·7 (sd9·6); medium adherence, mean 12·3 (sd7·2),P=0·01) than girls with high adherence.ConclusionsThe results highlight the influence of psychosocial factors on levels of MD adherence. These factors need to be taken into account when developing prevention and health promotion initiatives.

scholarly journals The mediterranean diet: Healthy and sustainable dietary pattern in the time of Sars-Cov-2

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Carmela Bagnato ◽  
Carmela Perfetto ◽  
Flora Labanca ◽  
Lorenza Caregaro Negrin
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mediterranean Dietary Pattern ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
The Mediterranean

COVID-19, first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 quickly spread worldwide leading to serious health, social and economic consequences. A crucial role in the pathogenesis of severe disease has been attributed to the inflammatory status, that in more severe cases may evolve in an overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (“cytokine storm)” and fatal outcome. Non-communicable diseases, nutritional disorders and advanced age, conditions associated with a low-grade systemic inflammation and immune function alterations, have been identified as major risks for severe COVID-19. General recommendations for fighting COVID-19 highlighted the paramount importance of adopting a healthy plant-based dietary pattern and healthy lifestyle. The Mediterranean dietary pattern is considered as one of the healthiest dietary patterns, and its benefits are supported by a large body of evidence. Furthermore, it is considered as a sustainable lifestyle model. The aim of this research was to update the multiple benefits of the Mediterranean dietary pattern on physical and mental health, focusing on the effects that it may have in combating COVID-19. The potential effects and mechanisms of action of the main bioactive components of Mediterranean diet were also analyzed. Considering its effects in modulating inflammation and oxidative stress and supporting the immune system, the Mediterranean dietary pattern may be considered the most promising dietary approach to combat COVID-19.

scholarly journals Mediterranean dietary pattern and mortality among young women: a cohort study in Sweden

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pagona Lagiou ◽  
Dimitrios Trichopoulos ◽  
Sven Sandin ◽  
Areti Lagiou ◽  
Lorelei Mucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
European Population ◽  
Mediterranean Dietary Pattern ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Traditional Mediterranean Diet

Studies of diet and health focus increasingly on dietary patterns. Although the traditional Mediterranean diet is perceived as being healthy, there is little information on its possible benefit to young people. We studied whether closer adherence to the traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern was associated with overall and cancer mortality in a cohort of 42237 young women, aged 30–49 years at enrolment, who were recruited in 1991–2 from the general population in the Uppsala Health Care Region, Sweden, and followed up, almost completely, for about 12 years. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed by a 10-point score incorporating the characteristics of this diet. Among women less than 40 years old at enrolment – whose causes of death are mainly cancer with probable genetic influences, injuries or suicide – there was no association of the Mediterranean diet score with total or cancer mortality. Among women 40–49 years old at enrolment, a 2-point increase in the score was associated with considerable reductions in overall mortality (13%; 95% CI 1%, 23%; P∼0·05) and cancer mortality (16%; 95% CI −1%, 29%; P∼0·06). Few cardiovascular deaths occurred in this cohort of young women. The findings of the present study in a northern European population of young women indicate that closer adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern reduces mortality even among young persons.

scholarly journals Diet quality of a population sample from coastal north-east Spain evaluated by a Mediterranean adaptation of the Diet Quality Index (DQI)

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Bondia-Pons ◽  
Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs ◽  
Lluís Serra-Majem ◽  
Ana I Castellote ◽  
Abel Mariné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Mediterranean Dietary Pattern ◽  
Diet Quality Index ◽  
North East ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern in the population from a coastal region from north-east Spain and its relationship to diseases, applying the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (M-DQI) validated by the use of several biomarkers.DesignCross-sectional nutrition survey.SettingPopulation-based random sample derived from the Catalan Nutrition Survey.SubjectsA total of 621 healthy adults.ResultsThe Catalan representative sample presented a mean M-DQI score of 6·6 (sd 2·3, median 7, range 0–14). The percentage of adherence to the Mediterranean diet was 53 %; 10 % of subjects showed high adherence to the Mediterranean diet, while only 2 % were categorized as poorest adherence. The plasma fatty acid profile of the Catalan sample progressed with perfect regularity throughout the index ranges. Both EPA and DHA presented a significant correlation to the M-DQI (r = −0·410 for EPA and −0·360 for DHA). A significant increase in palmitic, oleic and α-linolenic acids and a significant decrease in stearic, linoleic and arachidonic acids content were also observed. The mean values for the M-DQI according to the clinical characteristics of the Catalan sample were also calculated.ConclusionsThe M-DQI has been demonstrated a suitable tool for assessment of an individual’s nutritional status according to the Mediterranean dietary pattern and for clinical purposes. Although the current diet followed in Catalonia seems to agree with the main characteristics of the Mediterranean diet, the promotion of the Mediterranean pattern should be reinforced in the Catalan population, especially among young people.

Adherence to a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Risk of Breast and Endometrial Cancers: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Mazandaranian ◽  
Arezoo Rezazadeh ◽  
Alireza Bahrami
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Mediterranean Dietary Pattern ◽  
Endometrial Cancers

Breast and endometrial cancers are the most prevalent cancers among women all over the world, with breast cancer being the first cause of cancer mortality in women. Major known risk factors for breast and endometrial cancers are obesity, low physical activity, and unhealthy and poor diet, contributing to about 30%-35% of cancer incidence. Recent evidence supports that adherence to a healthy dietary pattern such as the Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with reduced risk of certain types of cancer, including breast and endometrial cancers. The data for the current review were identified through a systematic search on PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases using the following search terms/keywords: “Mediterranean diet,” “Mediterranean dietary pattern,” “breast,” “mammary,” “endometrial,” “cancer,” “carcinoma,” and “neoplasm.” The reference lists of the included papers were also searched manually. Through the review process, eight case-control studies, four cohort studies, and one clinical trial were identified. The included studies were conducted among postmenopausal and premenopausal women in the United States and some European countries. The review suggests a protective role for the MD against breast cancer risk in both populations. According to the fact that there was insufficient research on the association of the MD pattern and endometrial cancer risk, its protective effect cannot be interpreted with certainty. Further studies in this area, especially interventional studies, are needed to determine causality.

scholarly journals Association between overweight and consumption of ultra-processed food and sugar-sweetened beverages among vegetarians

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Augusto Cardoso da SILVEIRA ◽  
Sabrina Silva MENESES ◽  
Patrícia Teles QUINTANA ◽  
Valquíria de Souza SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Excessive Consumption

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the consumption of ultra-processed food and sugar-sweetened beverages and to identify the association of this consumption with overweight among vegetarians. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a convenience sampling method was conducted. Data were collected using an online questionnaire from 8/24/2015 to 10/8/2015. Subjects were male and female vegetarians aged >16 years. Using a food frequency questionnaire, we assessed the weekly consumption of ultra-processed food and sugar-sweetened beverages and described the frequency of daily consumption overall and according to type of vegetarianism. The association between overweight and excessive daily intake of ultra-processed food was analyzed by multiple logistic regression (OR [95CI%]). Results: Information was retrieved from 503 individuals (29.8±8.5 years old); 83.7% were women. The most frequent types of vegetarianism in our sample were ovo-lacto (45.5%) and vegan (41.7%), and the median time of vegetarianism was 5.3 years. The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (≥2x/day) and ultra-processed food (≥3x/day) was 21.0% and 16.0%, respectively, and regarding the different vegetarianism types, vegans showed the lowest frequency of excessive daily sugar-sweetened beverages and ultra-processed food consumption. In the multivariable analysis, consumption of ultra-processed food ≥3x/day (2.33 [1.36-4.03]), male sex (1.73 [1.01-2.96]), age ≥35 years (2.03 [1.23-3.36]) and not preparing one’s food (1.67 [0.95-2.94]) were independently associated with overweight. Conclusion: Although vegetarianism is frequently associated with a healthier diet and, consequently, prevention of poor health outcomes, this study found that the excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and ultra-processed food was associated with overweight.

scholarly journals Agreement among Mediterranean Diet Pattern Adherence Indexes: MCC-Spain Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Olmedo-Requena ◽  
Carmen González-Donquiles ◽  
Verónica Dávila-Batista ◽  
Dora Romaguera ◽  
Adela Castelló ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Mediterranean Dietary Pattern ◽  
Adherence Score ◽  
Diet Pattern ◽  
Study Population ◽  
High Level ◽  
Diet Score

There are many different methods used to measure the degree of adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD), limiting comparison and interpretation of their results. The concordance between different methodologies has been questioned and their evaluation recommended. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement among five indexes that measure adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern. The study population included healthy adults selected in the Multi-Case Control Spain (MCC-Spain) study recruited in 12 provinces. A total of 3640 controls were matched to cases by age and sex. To reach the aim, the following scores of adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern were calculated: Mediterranean diet score (MDS), alternative Mediterranean diet (aMED), relative Mediterranean diet (rMED), dietary score (DS) and literature-based adherence score (LBAS). The relative frequency of subjects with a high level of adherence to a MD varied from 22% (aMED index) to 37.2% (DS index). Similarly, a high variability was observed for the prevalence of a low level of MD: from 24% (rMED) to 38.4% (aMED). The correlation among MDS, aMED and rMED indexes was moderate, except for MDS and aMED with a high coefficient of correlation 0.75 (95% CI 0.74–0.77). The Cohen’s Kappa coefficient among indexes showed a moderate–fair concordance, except for MDS and aMED with a 0.56 (95% CI 0.55–0.59) and 0.67 (95% CI 0.66–0.68) using linear and quadratic weighting, respectively. The existing MD adherence indexes measured the same, although they were based on different constructing algorithms and varied in the food groups included, leading to a different classification of subjects. Therefore, concordance between these indexes was moderate or low.

scholarly journals The Mediterranean Diet Protects the Renal Function in Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 562-562
Author(s):  
Helena Sandoval-Insausti ◽  
Ana Bayan-Bravo ◽  
Carolina Donat-Vargas ◽  
Jimena Rey-Garcia ◽  
Jose Ramon Banegas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
High Adherence ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract Objectives It is not clear if the adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with changes in kidney function. The aim of this study is to assess the prospective association between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and renal function decline. Methods Prospective cohort study of 975 community-dwelling individuals aged 60 and older who were recruited during 2008–10 in Spain, and followed up to December, 2015. At baseline, food consumption was obtained with a validated, computerized face-to-face diet history. The “a priori” adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed with the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS score: low adherence 0–5 points, moderate adherence 6–8 points, high adherence 9–14 points). To identify “a posteriori” dietary patterns, 880 foods were categorized into 36 different groups according to similarities in their nutritional profile. Factor analysis (principal components analysis) was applied to generate independent dietary patterns. At baseline and at the end of follow-up, serum creatinine (SC) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) levels were ascertained and changes were calculated. Two end-points were considered: SC increase and GFR decrease beyond that expected for age. Logistic regression models were built and adjusted for prevalent and incident cardiovascular risk factors. Results At the end of follow-up 150 cases of SC increase and 146 cases of GFR decrease occurred. The fully adjusted ORs (95% CI) of SC increase were 0.75 (0.49–1.15) for participants with a moderate adherence to the MEDAS score, and 0.58 (0.36–0.95) for those with a high adherence, when comparing to participants with a low adherence; (p-trend: 0.026). Results for GFR decrease had the same direction (p-trend: 0.049). The fully adjusted ORs (95% CI) of SC increase according to increasing quartiles of adherence to an “a posteriori” Mediterranean-like dietary pattern were 1.00, 0.62 (0.37–1.03), 0.57 (0.33–0.99), and 0.46 (0.24–0.86); (p-trend: 0.017). Results for GFR decrease were similar (p-trend: 0.007). Conclusions A higher adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern was associated with a lower risk of kidney function decline. Funding Sources State Secretary of R + D and FEDER/FSE, the ATHLOS project (EU H2020), and the CIBERESP, Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid, Spain.

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