scholarly journals Self-regulation, norms and alcohol consequences: study on university freshman from four EU countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bacikova-Sleskova
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
External Control ◽  
Risky Drinking ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Higher Alcohol ◽  
Moderation Effect

Abstract High alcohol consumption is undoubtedly one of the most serious health and public issues across Europe. In addition to other licit and illicit drugs, it causes more than 4% of all deaths in the EU for those aged between 25 and 39. Among protective factors the self-regulation (SR) has been frequently associated with lower levels of risky drinking. On the other hand, overestimated descriptive normative beliefs (NB) may serve as a powerful source of social influence on personal alcohol use. Both SR and NB may be especially important during the period when young adults leave their families and may feel less external control and more freedom to use alcohol what may lead to serious health consequences. Therefore this study explores the associations among SR and NB in relations to alcohol use and negative alcohol consequences. Data among 2671 first-year college students were collected in 2011. Students from the Czech Republic (n = 357), Hungary (n = 783), Lithuania (n = 928) and Slovakia (603) who filled in the AUDIT test, Self-Regulation Questionnaire and questions regarding NB. Regression models (separately for each country) were computed to test whether different level of SR influences the relationship between NB and alcohol use and between alcohol use and negative consequences. Overestimated NB were positively associated with risky drinking in all countries and similarly alcohol use increased the level of negative consequences. Moreover, in predicting risk drinking and alcohol consequences, a moderation effect of SR was confirmed as associations among NB and alcohol use and among alcohol use and negative consequences were stronger among those students with lower SR. The protective effect of SR on risky alcohol and consequences together with social norms approach may potentially improve the intervention accuracy and make it a promising target for intervention among young adults. Key messages Students from all explored countries highly overestimated the actual alcohol use what was significantly associated with theirs higher alcohol consumption. Those students who overestimated the actual alcohol consumption but had higher levels of self-regulation were less likely to drink or report negative alcohol consequences than their peers.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF ALCOHOL USE BY POPULATION AND RELATED PROBLEMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
V. B. Zamkevich ◽  
M. D. Diachuk ◽  
T. S. Gruzieva
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Information System ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Consequences

Introduction. The development of the public health system provides for the solution of the basic operational functions of public health, including surveillance and assessment of the state of health and well-being of the population, taking into account risks to public health.Given the importance of alcohol as a risk factor for the development of diseases, the study of its prevalence in the population, consumption patterns and health effects is an important public health problem. The aim of the study. To identify current trends in alcohol consumption and the associated risk factor for health damage in Ukraine and countries of the WHO European Region.Materials and methods. Bibliographic, medical, statistical and information-analytical methods were used in the study. The key  scientific base were the European Health for All Database, the Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (GISAH) and the European Information System on Alcohol and Health (EISAH). Results. Significant differences were found in the prevalence of alcohol consumption by population in different regions of the world per capita per year, up to 16 times, with the highest rates in the WHO ER. Ukraine is characterized by high levels of alcohol consumption (8.6 liters) and negative tendencies for their growth during 1991-2016 by 45.8%. At the same time, in Ukraine the consumption of strong alcoholic drinks predominates, while in the countries of the European Union - wine and beer. The increase in alcohol consumption in Ukraine and the prevalence of strong drinks in the structure of consumed products (51.5%) is an unfavorable prognostic indicator and requires the adoption of preventive measures. The negative consequences of alcohol consumption are the prevalence of alcohol dependence (2.2%), alcohol-related disorders (6%), a significant proportion of deaths (20.5%) due to this risk factor in the overall structure of all deaths, etc. Significant is the contribution of alcohol to the formation of indicators of road traffic injuries, including those with a fatal outcome, crime rates, etc. Conclusions. Surveillance of the prevalence of alcohol use, patterns of consumption and assessment of alcohol-related public health problems is an important basis for determining directions, justification and taking countermeasures.

Relationship between Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol Problems in Young Adults

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chudley E. Werch ◽  
Dean R. Gorman ◽  
Phillip J. Marty
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Population Total ◽  
Total Alcohol ◽  
Program Content ◽  
Young Adult Population ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Use

The relationships among alcohol problems and alcohol consumption variables including quantity-frequency (Q-F) classifications, frequency of alcohol use, quantity of alcohol use, and beverage types, were examined in a young adult population. Total alcohol-related problems, drinking and driving problems, and school problems increased significantly when young adults drank moderately. Certain types of problems, however, appear to be more or less associated with alcohol consumption. For example, physical illness problems increased during light drinking, while interpersonal and legal problems increased during moderate-heavy and heavy alcohol use, respectively. Virtually no differences were found on alcohol problems for drinking classifications between sexes. Both the frequency and quantity of beer and liquor use were found to be positively associated with alcohol problems. The relationship between the frequency and quantity of wine use and alcohol problems, however, was less strong and more dissonant. In general, alcohol problems were found to be related to relatively low levels of frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption. Specific suggestions regarding substance abuse prevention program content and models were also discussed.

scholarly journals Estudio sobre el consumo de riesgo y perjudicial del alcohol en alumnos de la UT del Norte de Aguascalientes

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Paula Carmina Del Valle-Ávila ◽  
Juan Carlos García-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Scholastic Performance ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
The University ◽  
Technological University

This article presents a study about the risk and harmful consumption of alcohol in young people of the Technological University of North Aguascalientes, whose objective is to make a situational diagnosis about the habits of alcohol consumption, as well as their level of risk, harmful consumption and possible dependence in said population, for this purpose the Identification Test of Alcohol Consumption Disorders (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, AUDIT) was used as an instrument, which was applied digitally in 756 students of second semester in 14 educational programs of the Higher University Technical level, in this way the type of alcohol consumption was identified, which will allow the University to implement actions to raise awareness and awareness of the negative consequences of its consumption in the different areas of his life as the academic is, manifested through the low scholastic performance, lag and / or desertion, as well as in the personal, social and family area.

scholarly journals Alcoholism and the Loss of Willpower

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Noël ◽  
Antoine Bechara ◽  
Damien Brevers ◽  
Paul Verbanck ◽  
Salvatore Campanella
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Reactive System ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Alcohol Cues ◽  
Automatic Response ◽  
Optimal Information ◽  
Reflective Systems ◽  
Reflective System

Like other addictions, alcoholism reflects the continuation of alcohol use despite negative consequences (e.g., an ulcer or family problems made worse by alcohol consumption). Recent cognitive theories suggest that optimal information processing related to the capacity to make decisions under uncertainty conditions is impaired either prior to the initiation of alcohol use, or it is related to the consequence of its repeated utilization. In this paper, we suggest that alcoholism may be the product of an imbalance between two separate, but interacting, cognitive registers that contribute to decision making: a reactive/automatic attentional and memory system for signaling the presence of alcohol cues in the environment and for attributing to such cues pleasure and/or excitement; and a reflective/nonautomatic system for regulating the dominant reactive/automatic response. Hyperactivity within the reactive system can override the reflective system and brain/cognitive changes induced by ethanol could lead to the disruption of self-regulation. We finally develop the idea that different patterns of imbalance between reactive and reflective systems could lead to distinct patterns of clinical impulsivity involved in the vulnerability to, the development of, and the relapse into alcoholism.

scholarly journals A Text Message Intervention with Adaptive Goal Support to Reduce Alcohol Consumption Among Non-Treatment-Seeking Young Adults: Non-Randomized Clinical Trial with Voluntary Length of Enrollment (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Suffoletto ◽  
Tammy Chung ◽  
Frederick Muench ◽  
Peter Monti ◽  
Duncan B Clark
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Confidence Score ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Goal Commitment ◽  
Reduce Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Text Message Intervention

BACKGROUND Stand-alone text message–based interventions can reduce binge drinking episodes (≥4 drinks for women and ≥5 drinks for men) among nontreatment-seeking young adults, but may not be optimized. Adaptive text message support could enhance effectiveness by assisting context-specific goal setting and striving, but it remains unknown how to best integrate it into text message interventions. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate young adults’ engagement with a text message intervention, Texting to Reduce Alcohol Consumption 2 (TRAC2), which focuses on reducing weekend alcohol consumption. TRAC2 incorporated preweekend drinking-limit goal-commitment ecological momentary assessments (EMA) tailored to past 2-week alcohol consumption, intraweekend goal reminders, self-efficacy EMA with support tailored to goal confidence, and maximum weekend alcohol consumption EMA with drinking limit goal feedback. METHODS We enrolled 38 nontreatment-seeking young adults (aged 18 to 25 years) who screened positive for hazardous drinking in an urban emergency department. Following a 2-week text message assessment-only run-in, subjects were given the opportunity to enroll in 4-week intervention blocks. We examined patterns of EMA responses and voluntary re-enrollment. We then examined how goal commitment and goal self-efficacy related to event-level alcohol consumption. Finally, we examined the association of length of TRAC2 exposure with alcohol-related outcomes from baseline to 3-month follow-up. RESULTS Among a diverse sample of young adults (56% [28/50] female, 54% [27/50] black, 32% [12/50] college enrolled), response rates to EMA queries were, on average, 82% for the first 4-week intervention block, 75% for the second 4-week block, and 73% for the third 4-week block. In the first 4 weeks of the intervention, drinking limit goal commitment was made 68/71 times it was prompted (96%). The percentage of subjects being prompted to commit to a drinking limit goal above the binge threshold was 52% (15/29) in week 1 and decreased to 0% (0/15) by week 4. Subjects met their goal 130/146 of the times a goal was committed to (89.0%). There were lower rates of goal success when subjects reported lower confidence (score <4) in meeting the goal (76% [32/42 weekends]) compared with that when subjects reported high confidence (98% [56/57 weekends]; P=.001). There were reductions in alcohol consumption from baseline to 3 months, but reductions were not different by length of intervention exposure. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary evidence suggests that nontreatment-seeking young adults will engage with a text message intervention incorporating self-regulation support features, resulting in high rates of weekend drinking limit goal commitment and goal success.

Environmental Predictors of Drinking and Drinking-Related Problems in Young Adults

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhonda Jones-Webb ◽  
Brian Short ◽  
Alexander Wagenaar ◽  
Tracie Toomey ◽  
David Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Environmental Predictors ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Public Setting ◽  
Drinking Consequences ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Physical Environmental Factors

We examined relationships among drinking norms, peer alcohol use, alcohol availability, drinking location, alcohol consumption, and drinking-related problems among young adult drinkers. The specific objectives of our study were to assess the relative contribution of normative and physical environmental factors to drinking and drinking consequences. Subjects were 3,095 young adults, aged eighteen to twenty years old who participated in the Communities Mobilizing for Change on Alcohol Project baseline survey. Alcohol consumption (i.e., number of drinks on the last occasion) and drinking consequences served as dependent variables. Multiple linear regression was used to identify predictors of alcohol consumption, and logistic regression was employed to identify predictors of drinking consequences. Drinking norms and peer alcohol use were positively related to alcohol consumption and to drinking consequences. Drinking in a public setting was positively related to alcohol consumption, but not to drinking-related problems. Findings suggest that policies and programs that alter the normative and physical environment surrounding drinking may reduce alcohol consumption and subsequent problems in young adults.

scholarly journals Does Alcohol Catch the Eye? Investigating Young Adults’ Attention to Alcohol Consumption

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 147470491773020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eveline Vincke ◽  
Patrick Vyncke
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Functional Behavior ◽  
Better Than

Many studies on young adults’ motivations for drinking overlook the symbolic aspects of alcohol use. However, research indicates that young adults’ alcohol consumption is also driven by signaling motivations. Although the interest of a receiver is a necessary prerequisite of a signal, no previous studies have verified whether drinking behavior indeed attracts young adults’ attention. Therefore, we conducted two studies. A two-part eye-tracking study ( N1 = 135, N2 = 140) showed that both young men and young women pay special visual attention to male and female drinking behavior. Additionally, a recall experiment ( N = 321) confirmed that observed male and female drinking is better remembered than observed nonsignaling, functional behavior. Moreover, alcoholic beverages also receive special attention, as they were recalled better than other functional products, and also nonalcoholic drinks similar in color and shape. In summary, the experiments clearly showed that male and female drinking behavior can be used as a signal, as both behaviors clearly function as an attention-attracting cue. Additionally, as alcoholic beverages draw more attention than nonalcoholic drinks, this attention is clearly linked to the alcohol element of the drinking behavior.

scholarly journals Heart Rate Variability Reactivity Moderates the Indirect Link Between Child Maltreatment and Young Adult Alcohol Use Problems via Depressive Symptoms - Preprint

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihong Liu ◽  
Assaf Oshri ◽  
Erinn Duprey
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Low Socioeconomic

Background and Objectives. Young adults with childhood maltreatment (CM) histories are particularly vulnerable to depressive symptoms and alcohol use problems. Research suggest that maltreated youth may misuse alcohol in part to alleviate depressive symptoms. However, many youths with depressive symptoms exercise self-control and abstain from heavy alcohol use. The present study aimed to examine the influence of heart rate variability reactivity (HRV-R), a psychophysiological biomarker of self-regulation, in the indirect link between CM and alcohol use problems via depressive symptoms among low socioeconomic-status rural young adults. Methods. Two waves of data were collected from a community sample of 225 low socioeconomic-status non-metropolitan young adults (Mage = 21.56, 52.9% female). HRV data were obtained with an electrocardiogram during a social stress task. CM was assessed through the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Alcohol use problems were measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Results. The indirect effect of CM on alcohol use problems via elevated depressive symptoms was positive and significant (α*β = .159, p &lt; .001). Self-regulation indicated by high HRV-R (i.e., vagal withdrawal) was found to significantly buffer the link between depressive symptoms and alcohol use problems (β = .193, p = .022). Discussion and Conclusions. Adequate self-regulation capacities can protect maltreated youths from self-medicating alcohol use problems. Scientific Significance. This study will advance researchers’ understanding of the development of alcohol use problems through unwrapping the risk and protective mechanisms underlying the association between young adults’ early life stress and alcohol use behaviors.

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