scholarly journals Effect of polymer type on the colonization of plastic pellets by marine bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 368 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefine Hansen ◽  
Jette Melchiorsen ◽  
Nicole Ciacotich ◽  
Lone Gram ◽  
Eva C Sonnenschein
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Natural Seawater ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Plastic Type ◽  
Polymer Type ◽  
Hydrocarbon Degraders

Abstract Plastic is omnipresent in the oceans and serves as a surface for biofilm-forming microorganisms. Plastic debris comprises different polymers, which may influence microbial colonization; here, we evaluated whether polymer type affects bacterial biofilm formation. Quantifying the biofilm on polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) or polystyrene (PS) pellets by six marine bacterial strains (Vibrio,Pseudoalteromonas,Phaeobacter) demonstrated that each strain had a unique colonization behavior with either a preference for PS or PP over the other polymer types or no preference for a specific plastic type. PE, PP and PS pellets were exposed to natural seawater microbiota using free-living or total communities as inoculum. Microbial assembly as determined by 16S rRNA (V4) amplicon sequencing was affected by the composition of the initial inoculum and also by the plastic type. Known polymer and hydrocarbon degraders such as Paraglaciecola, Oleibacter and Hydrogenophaga were found in the plastic biofilms. Thus, on a community level, bacterial colonization on plastic is influenced by the microorganisms as well as the polymer type, and also individual strains can demonstrate polymer-specific colonization.

scholarly journals Selective bacterial colonization processes on polyethylene waste samples in an abandoned landfill site

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Puglisi ◽  
Francesco Romaniello ◽  
Serena Galletti ◽  
Enrico Boccaleri ◽  
Alberto Frache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Plastic Type ◽  
Plastic Wastes ◽  
Ft Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Degradation Degree

Abstract The microbial colonization of plastic wastes has been extensively studied in marine environments, while studies on aged terrestrial wastes are scarce, and mostly limited to the isolation of plastic-degrading microorganisms. Here we have applied a multidisciplinary approach involving culturomics, next-generation sequencing analyses and fine-scale physico-chemical measurements to characterize plastic wastes retrieved in landfill abandoned for more than 35 years, and to assess the composition of bacterial communities thriving as biofilms on the films’ surfaces. All samples were characterized by different colors but were all of polyethylene; IR and DSC analyses identified different level of degradation, while FT-Raman spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence further assessed the degradation level and the presence of pigments. Each plastic type harbored distinct bacterial communities from the others, in agreement with the differences highlighted by the physico-chemical analyses. Furthermore, the most degraded polyethylene films were found to host a bacterial community more similar to the surrounding soil as revealed by both α- and β-diversity NGS analyses. This work confirms the novel hypothesis that different polyethylene terrestrial waste samples select for different bacterial communities, and that structure of these communities can be correlated with physico-chemical properties of the plastics, including the degradation degree.

scholarly journals Influence of Short Cationic Lipopeptides with Fatty Acids of Different Chain Lengths on Bacterial Biofilms Formed on Polystyrene and Hydrogel Surfaces

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paduszynska ◽  
Maciejewska ◽  
Neubauer ◽  
Golacki ◽  
Szymukowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Basic Amino Acid ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Bacterial Strains

Nowadays, biomaterials are applied in many different branches of medicine. They significantly improve the patients’ comfort and quality of life, but also constitute a significant risk factor for biofilm-associated infections. Currently, intensive research on the development of novel materials resistant to microbial colonization as well as new compounds that are active against biofilms is being carried out. Within this research, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their analogues are being intensively investigated due to their promising antimicrobial activities. The main goal of this study was to synthesize and evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of short cationic lipopeptides that were designed to imitate the features of AMPs responsible for antimicrobial activities: positive net charge and amphipacity. The positive charge of the molecules results from the presence of basic amino acid residues: arginine and lysine. Amphipacity is provided by the introduction of decanoic, dodecanoic, tetradecanoic, and hexadecanoic acid chains to the molecules. Lipopeptides (C16-KR-NH2, C16-KKK-NH2, C16-KKC-NH2, C16-KGK-NH2, C14-KR-NH2, C14-KKC-NH2, C12-KR-NH2, C12-KKC-NH2, and (C10)2-KKKK-NH2) were synthesized using a novel solid-phase temperature-assisted methodology. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs), and minimum biofilm formation inhibitory concentrations (MBFICs) were determined for the following bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, and Proteus mirabilis PCM 543. The biofilms were cultured on two types of surfaces: polystyrene plates (PS) and contact lenses (CL). The lipopeptides exhibited the ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria in a liquid medium as well as on the PS and CL. The compounds also eliminated the bacterial biofilm from the surface of both materials. In general, the activity against gram-positive bacteria was stronger in comparison to that against gram-negative strains. There were certain discrepancies between the activity of compounds against the biofilm cultured on PS and CL. This was especially noticeable for staphylococci—the lipopeptides presented much higher activity against biofilm formed on the PS surface. It is worth noting that the obtained MBEC values for lipopeptides were usually only a few times higher than the MICs. The results of the performed experiments suggest that further studies on lipopeptides and their potential application in the treatment and prophylaxis of biofilm-associated infections should be conducted.

scholarly journals Heparin promotes fibrillation of most phenol soluble modulin peptides from S. aureus: a possible strengthening of the bacterial biofilm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Najarzadeh ◽  
Masihuz Zaman ◽  
Vita Serekaité ◽  
Kristian Strømgaard ◽  
Maria Andreasen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyloid Fibrils ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Affinity Binding ◽  
Heparin Binding ◽  
Peptide Microarrays ◽  
Sulfated Glycosaminoglycan ◽  
Lysine Residues ◽  
Biophysical Techniques ◽  
Positively Charged

ABSTRACTPhenol soluble modulins (PSMs) are virulence peptides secreted by different Staphylococcus aureus strains. In addition, PSMs are able to form amyloid fibrils which may strengthen the biofilm matrix. The highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan heparin promotes S.aureus infection but the basis for this is unclear. We hypothesized that heparin promotes PSM fibrillation and in this way aids bacterial colonization. Here we address this hypothesis using a combination of different biophysical techniques along with peptide microarrays. We find that heparin accelerates fibrillation of all α-PSMs (except PSMα2) and δ-toxin, but inhibits β-PSMs’ fibrillation by blocking nucleation. Given that S. aureus secretes higher levels of α-PSMs than β-PSMs peptidess, heparin is likely to overall promote fibrillation. Heparin binding is driven by multiple positively charged lysine residues in α-PSMs and δ-toxins, whose removal strongly reduces affinity. Binding of heparin does not alter the final fibril conformation. Rather, heparin provides a scaffold to catalyze or inhibit fibrillation. Our findings suggest that heparin may strengthen bacterial biofilm through increased PSM fibrillation.Abstract Figure

scholarly journals Forfeiting the founder effect: turnover defines biofilm community succession

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin J. Brislawn ◽  
Emily B. Graham ◽  
Karl Dana ◽  
Peter Ihardt ◽  
Sarah J. Fansler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Community Succession ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Functional Capabilities ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Successional Stages ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACTMicrobial community succession is a fundamental process that effects underlying functions of almost all ecosystems; yet the roles and fates of the most abundant colonizers are poorly understood. Does early abundance spur long term persistence? How do deterministic and stochastic processes influence the roles of founder species? We performed a succession experiment within a hypersaline microbial mat ecosystem to investigate how ecological processes contributed to the turnover of founder species. Bacterial and micro-eukaryotic founder species were identified from primary succession and tracked through a defined maturation period using 16S and 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in combination with high resolution imaging that utilized stable isotope tracers to evaluate basic functional capabilities. The majority of the founder species did not maintain high relative abundances in later stages of succession. Turnover (versus nestedness) was the dominant process shaping the final community structure. We also asked if different ecological processes acted on bacteria versus eukaryotes during successional stages and found that deterministic and stochastic forces corresponded more with eukaryote and bacterial colonization, respectively. Our results show that taxa from different kingdoms, that share habitat in the tight spatial confines of a biofilm, were influenced by different ecological forces and time scales of succession.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and clonal stability of antigen-inexperienced memory-like T cells across the genetic background, hygienic status, and aging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Moudra ◽  
Veronika Niederlova ◽  
Jiri Novotny ◽  
Lucie Schmiedova ◽  
Jan Kubovciak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Different Genetic Background

AbstractAntigen-inexperienced memory-like T (AIMT) cells are functionally unique T cells representing one of the two largest subsets of murine CD8+ T cells. However, differences between laboratory inbred strains, insufficient data from germ-free mice, a complete lack of data from feral mice, and unclear relationship between AIMT cells formation during aging represent major barriers for better understanding of their biology. We performed a thorough characterization of AIMT cells from mice of different genetic background, age, and hygienic status by flow cytometry and multi-omics approaches including analyses of gene expression, TCR repertoire, and microbial colonization. Our data showed that AIMT cells are steadily present in mice independently of their genetic background and hygienic status. Despite differences in their gene expression profiles, young and aged AIMT cells originate from identical clones. We identified that CD122 discriminates two major subsets of AIMT cells in a strain-independent manner. Whereas thymic CD122LOW AIMT cells (innate memory) prevail only in young animals with high thymic IL-4 production, peripheral CD122HIGH AIMT cells (virtual memory) dominate in aged mice. Co-housing with feral mice changed the bacterial colonization of laboratory strains, but had only minimal effects on the CD8+ T-cell compartment including AIMT cells.

scholarly journals The Interaction of N-Acetylcysteine and Serum Transferrin Promotes Bacterial Biofilm Formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1399-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supeng Yin ◽  
Bei Jiang ◽  
Guangtao Huang ◽  
Yulong Zhang ◽  
Bo You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Bacterial Strains

Background/Aims: N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a novel and promising agent with activity against bacterial biofilms. Human serum also inhibits biofilm formation by some bacteria. We tested whether the combination of NAC and human serum offers greater anti-biofilm activity than either agent alone. Methods: Microtiter plate assays and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to evaluate bacterial biofilm formation in the presence of NAC and human serum. qPCR was used to examine expression of selected biofilm-associated genes. Extracellular matrix (ECM) was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The antioxidants GSH or ascorbic acid were used to replace NAC, and human transferrin, lactoferrin, or bovine serum albumin were used to replace serum proteins in biofilm formation assays. A rat central venous catheter model was developed to evaluate the effect of NAC on biofilm formation in vivo. Results: NAC and serum together increased biofilm formation by seven different bacterial strains. In Staphylococcus aureus, expression of genes for some global regulators and for genes in the ica-dependent pathway increased markedly. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, transcription of las, the PQS quorum sensing (QS) systems, and the two-component system GacS/GacA increased significantly. ECM production by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was also enhanced. The potentiation of biofilm formation is due mainly to interaction between NAC and transferrin. Intravenous administration of NAC increased colonization by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa on implanted catheters. Conclusions: NAC used intravenously or in the presence of blood increases bacterial biofilm formation rather than inhibits it.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Gentamicin or Vancomycin Containing Bone Graft Substitute in the Prevention of Orthopedic Implant-Related Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 9250
Author(s):  
Alessandro Bidossi ◽  
Marta Bottagisio ◽  
Nicola Logoluso ◽  
Elena De Vecchi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Bone Graft Substitute ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bone Graft Substitutes ◽  
Biofilm Development

Antibiotic-loaded bone graft substitutes are attractive clinical options and have been used for years either for prophylaxis or therapy for periprosthetic and fracture-related infections. Calcium sulfate and hydroxyapatite can be combined in an injectable and moldable bone graft substitute that provides dead space management with local release of high concentrations of antibiotics in a one-stage approach. With the aim to test preventive strategies against bone infections, a commercial hydroxyapatite/calcium sulfate bone graft substitute containing either gentamicin or vancomycin was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, harboring different resistance determinants. The prevention of bacterial colonization and biofilm development by selected microorganisms was investigated along with the capability of the eluted antibiotics to select for antibiotic resistance. The addition of antibiotics drastically affected the ability of the selected strains to adhere to the tested compound. Furthermore, both the antibiotics eluted by the bone graft substitutes were able to negatively impair the biofilm maturation of all the staphylococcal strains. As expected, P. aeruginosa was significantly affected only by the gentamicin containing bone graft substitutes. Finally, the prolonged exposure to antibiotic-containing sulfate/hydroxyapatite discs did not lead to any stable or transient adaptations in either of the tested bacterial strains. No signs of the development of antibiotic resistance were found, which confirms the safety of this strategy for the prevention of infection in orthopedic surgery.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Biochemical Agents Enrich the Shelf Life of Fresh-Cut Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. grossum (L.) Sendt)

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1252
Author(s):  
Kandasamy Saravanakumar ◽  
Anbazhagan Sathiyaseelan ◽  
Arokia Vijaya Anand Mariadoss ◽  
Ramachandran Chelliah ◽  
Xiaowen Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Fresh Cut

This work analyzed the individual and combined effects of biochemical additives and probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on red and yellow fresh-cut bell pepper (R- and Y-FCBP, respectively) stored at two different temperatures (4 °C and 15 °C) for 15 days. The results revealed that the combined application of biochemical additives and L. rhamnosus GG inhibited the colonization of total bacterial counts (25.10%), total Salmonella counts (38.32%), total Listeria counts (23.75%), and total fungal counts (61.90%) in FCBP. Total bacterial colonization was found to be higher in R-FCBP (1188.09 ± 9.25 CFU g−1) than Y-FCBP (863.96 ± 7.21 CFU g−1). The storage at 4 °C was prevented 35.38% of microbial colonization in FCBP. Importantly, the L. rhamnosus GG count remained for up to 12 days. Moreover, the combined inoculation of the biochemical additives and L. rhamnosus GG treatments (T3) maintained the quality of R- and Y-FCBP for up to 12 days at 4 °C without any loss of antioxidant properties. This work reports the successful utilization of L. rhamnosus GG as a preservative agent for maintaining the quality of FCBP by preventing microbial colonization.

scholarly journals Tetracycline Induces the Formation of Biofilm of Bacteria from Different Phases of Wastewater Treatment

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 989
Author(s):  
Tereza Stachurová ◽  
Kateřina Malachová ◽  
Jaroslav Semerád ◽  
Meta Sterniša ◽  
Zuzana Rybková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Sedimentation Tank

The study monitored the effect of tetracycline on bacterial biofilm formation and compared biofilm formation by resistant bacterial strains in different phases of the wastewater treatment process in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The crystal violet staining method was used to evaluate the biofilm formation. Biofilm-related bacterial properties were characterized by hydrophobicity, autoaggregation and motility tests. The relative abundance of tetracycline resistance genes (tetW, tetM, tetO, tetA and tetB) in wastewaters were subsequently quantified using qPCR. The results show that the isolates from the nitrification tank produce biofilm with up to 10 times greater intensity relative to the isolates from the sedimentation tank. In isolates of Aeromonas sp. from the nitrification tank, increased biofilm production in the occurrence of tetracycline from a concentration of 0.03125 µg/mL was observed. The tetW gene showed the highest relative abundance out of all the tested genes. From the sampling points, its abundance was the highest in the sedimentation tank of the WWTP. Based on these results, it can be assumed that resistant bacteria are able to form a biofilm and sub-inhibitory tetracycline concentrations induce biofilm formation. WWTPs thus represent a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes and contribute to the spread of resistance in the natural environment.

scholarly journals Effect of Lonicera caerulea var. emphyllocalyx Fruit on Biofilm Formed by Porphyromonas gingivalis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Minami ◽  
Hiroshi Takase ◽  
Mineo Nakamura ◽  
Toshiaki Makino
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Aspiration Pneumonia ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Lonicera Caerulea

Porphyromonas gingivalis is an important pathogenic anaerobic bacterium that causes aspiration pneumonia. This bacterium frequently forms biofilms in the oral cavity and in respiratory tract-associated medical devices. Bacterial colonization that occurs in association with this biofilm formation is the main reason for incurable aspiration pneumonia. The Lonicera caerulea var. emphyllocalyx (LCE) fruit has been used in folk medicine in Hokkaido, the northern part of Japan. The aim of this study was to elucidate one of the antimicrobial mechanisms of LCE methanol extract (LCEE)—the inhibitory effect of LCEE on biofilm formation by P. gingivalis. Our results show that LCEE significantly reduced biofilm formation by three different P. gingivalis isolates in a concentration- and time-dependent manner that were quantified by the adsorption of safranin red. When LCEE was added to biofilms already formed by P. gingivalis, LCEE did not degrade the biofilm. However, treatment with LCEE significantly promoted the removal of existing biofilm by vibration compared to that of control. We also confirmed biofilm formation in LCEE-treated P. gingivalis in tracheal tubes using scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G), one of the components of LCE, also inhibited the formation of biofilm by P. gingivalis in a concentration-dependent manner. Our results reveal that LCEE may be an effective antibacterial substance for P. gingivalis-induced aspiration pneumonia because of its role in the suppression of bacterial biofilm formation in the oral cavity.

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