The silent presence of Mycoplasma hominis in patients with prostate cancer

ABSTRACT Background Mycoplasma hominis, an opportunistic pathogen in human genitourinary tract, can cause chronic infection in the prostate. Intracellular survival of M. hominis leads to a prolonged presence in the host cells that can affect the cell's biological cycle. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of M. hominis DNA in prostate tissue of Iranian patients with prostate cancer (PCa) in comparison to a control group with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods This research was a retrospective case-control study using 61 archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks of prostate tissue from patients with PCa and 70 FFPE blocks of patients with BPH. Real-time PCR, targeting two different genes, 16S rRNA and yidC, in the M. hominis genome was performed for all specimens. Results Out of 61 blocks of prostate biopsy from patients with PCa, eight samples (13%) were positive for M. hominis, while the bacterium was not detected in any of the 70 blocks of patients with BPH (P value, 0.002). Conclusions The high frequency of M. hominis in patients with PCa likely shows a hidden role of the organism in prostate cancer during its chronic, apparently silent and asymptomatic colonization in prostate.

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Comparative performance of MRI-derived PRECISE scores and delta-radiomics models for the prediction of prostate cancer progression in patients on active surveillance

European Radiology ◽

10.1007/s00330-021-08151-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nikita Sushentsev ◽

Leonardo Rundo ◽

Oleg Blyuss ◽

Tatiana Nazarenko ◽

Aleksandr Suvorov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Active Surveillance ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Machine Learning Algorithms ◽

Superior Performance ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Lasso Regression

Abstract Objectives To compare the performance of the PRECISE scoring system against several MRI-derived delta-radiomics models for predicting histopathological prostate cancer (PCa) progression in patients on active surveillance (AS). Methods The study included AS patients with biopsy-proven PCa with a minimum follow-up of 2 years and at least one repeat targeted biopsy. Histopathological progression was defined as grade group progression from diagnostic biopsy. The control group included patients with both radiologically and histopathologically stable disease. PRECISE scores were applied prospectively by four uro-radiologists with 5–16 years’ experience. T2WI- and ADC-derived delta-radiomics features were computed using baseline and latest available MRI scans, with the predictive modelling performed using the parenclitic networks (PN), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression, and random forests (RF) algorithms. Standard measures of discrimination and areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) were calculated, with AUCs compared using DeLong’s test. Results The study included 64 patients (27 progressors and 37 non-progressors) with a median follow-up of 46 months. PRECISE scores had the highest specificity (94.7%) and positive predictive value (90.9%), whilst RF had the highest sensitivity (92.6%) and negative predictive value (92.6%) for predicting disease progression. The AUC for PRECISE (84.4%) was non-significantly higher than AUCs of 81.5%, 78.0%, and 80.9% for PN, LASSO regression, and RF, respectively (p = 0.64, 0.43, and 0.57, respectively). No significant differences were observed between AUCs of the three delta-radiomics models (p-value range 0.34–0.77). Conclusions PRECISE and delta-radiomics models achieved comparably good performance for predicting PCa progression in AS patients. Key Points • The observed high specificity and PPV of PRECISE are complemented by the high sensitivity and NPV of delta-radiomics, suggesting a possible synergy between the two image assessment approaches. • The comparable performance of delta-radiomics to PRECISE scores applied by expert readers highlights the prospective use of the former as an objective and standardisable quantitative tool for MRI-guided AS follow-up. • The marginally superior performance of parenclitic networks compared to conventional machine learning algorithms warrants its further use in radiomics research.

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Multiple gene targeting siRNAs for down regulation of Immediate Early-2 (Ie2) and DNA polymerase genes mediated inhibition of novel rat Cytomegalovirus (strain All-03)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-44829/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Krishnan Nair Balakrishnan ◽

Ashwaq Ahmed Abdullah ◽

Jamilu Abubakar Bala ◽

Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse ◽

Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Polymerase ◽

Colorimetric Assay ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Digital Pcr ◽

Host Cells ◽

Effective Vaccine ◽

Control Group ◽

Polymerase Gene ◽

Infectious Dose ◽

Dna Polymerase Gene

Abstract Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes severe complications in congenitally infected newborns and non-immunocompetent individuals. Developing an effective vaccine is a major public health priority and current drugs are fronting resistance and side effects on recipients. In the present study, with the aim of exploring new strategies to counteract CMV replication, several anti-CMV siRNAs targeting IE2 and DNA polymerase gene regions were characterized and used as in combinations for antiviral therapy. Methods: The rat embryo fibroblast (REF) cells were transfected with multi siRNA before infecting with CMV strain ALL-03. Viral growth inhibition was measured by tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50), cytopathic effect (CPE) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) while IE2 and DNA polymerase gene knockdown was determined by real-time PCR. Ganciclovir was deployed as a control to benchmark the efficacy of antiviral activities of respective individual siRNAs.Results: There was no significant cytotoxicity encountered for all the combinations of siRNAs on REF cells analyzed by MTT colorimetric assay (P>0.05). Cytopathic effects (CPE) in cells infected by RCMV ALL-03 had developed significantly less and at much slower rate compared to control group. The expression of targeted genes was downregulated successfully resulted in significant reduction (P<0.05) of viral mRNA and DNA copies (dpb+dpc: 79%, 68%; dpb+ie2b: 68%, 60%; dpb+dpc+ie2b: 48%, 42%). Flow cytometry analysis showed a greater percentage of viable and early apoptosis of combined siRNAs-treated cells compared to control group. Notably, the siRNAs targeting gene regions were sequenced and mutations were not encountered, thereby avoiding the formation of mutant with potential resistant viruses. Conclusions: In conclusion. The study demonstrated a tremendous promise of innovative approach with the deployment of combined siRNAs targeting at several genes simultaneously with the aim to control CMV replication in host cells.

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Risk Factor Analysis of Dengue Shock Syndrome Occuring to Children in RSD dr. Soebandi Jember Regency

Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences ◽

10.19184/ams.v3i1.4099 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

Oessi Salsabila ◽

Muhammad Ali Shodikin ◽

Dwita Aryadina Rachmawati

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽

Emergency Situation ◽

Medical Emergency ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Chi Square ◽

Group Control Group

Dengue Shock Syndrome is a medical emergency situation caused by shocking DHF. Some factors that can influence the DSS. The purpose of this research know some risk factors that might cause DSS. Those are age, nutritional status, gender, and amount of platelet and hematocrit. This research was retrospective case control doing in dr. Soebandi Hospital Jember. The sample were divided into 2 groups. Those were DSS (case group) and non-DSS group (control group). Data analysis was done by Chi-Square test using SPSS 21 version. These were 136 patients which were divided into 94 patients of control group and 42 patients of case group. In this research, there were p-value for ages, nutritional status, gender, amount of platelet and hematocrit on each 0,450; 0,490; 0,198; 0,001; 0,007 respectively. In this search, it could be concluded that age, nutritional status, and gender were not significantly related to DSS case although amount of platelet and hematocrit were significantly related to DSS case.Keywords:dengue shock syndrome, age, nutritional status, gender, hematocrit, platelet.

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COMPARISON BETWEEN TRANSRECTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY GUIDED TRANSRECTAL PROSTATE BIOPSY AND TRANSRECTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY GUIDED TRANSPERINEAL PROSTATE BIOPSY

Indonesian Journal of Urology ◽

10.32421/juri.v26i2.505 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Randa Halfian ◽

Doddy M Soebadi ◽

Fikri Rizaldi

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Rectal Bleeding ◽

Prostate Biopsy ◽

Pain Perception ◽

Prostate Tissue ◽

Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽

P Value ◽

Transperineal Prostate Biopsy ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Transrectal Prostate Biopsy

Objective: Prostate cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in men. TRUS guided transperineal prostate biopsy and TRUS guided transrectal prostate biopsy are two main approach to take prostate tissue as diagnostic of prostate cancer. To compare prostate biopsy approach between TRUS guided transrectal and TRUS guided transperineal toward duration of examination, pain perception, and complications. Material & Method: This study was an experimental study with prospective approach. There were two groups, group one was performed TRUS guided transrectal prostate biopsy (TRB) and group two was performed TRUS guided transperineal prostate biopsy (TPB). Evaluation was based on the duration of examination, pain perception, and complication. Data was analyzed using independent T test for duration of examination and Mann-Whitney test for pain perception. Data was performed using SPSS 21.0 version. The statistical significant difference was consider if p value <0.05. Results: There were 20 samples in this study. There was a significant difference in the duration of examination, the average duration of TPB examination (17.40 ± 2.50) was longer than the duration of TRB examination (14.1 ± 2.77). There was no significant statistical difference between TPB group and TRB group in pain perception when USG probe into the anal (p=0.65), anesthesia process (p=0.28), prostate tissue sampling (p=1.00), and post biopsy (p=0.34). Rectal bleeding was found mostly in TRB group (40%) compared to TPB group (0%). Hematuria was experienced by three patients (30%) in TRB group and two patients (20%) in TPB group. Conclusion: TRB was more effective in duration of biopsy than TPB. The complications of rectal bleeding and hematuria were more in TRB group than TPB. The pain perception were the same between both groups. There were no fever, sepsis, hematospermia and vasovagal event in two groups.

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A Preliminary Study of Tumor Microenvironment Interleukin-4 as Promoter in Immune Escape Event in Prostate Cancer

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1077393/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Raden Danarto ◽

Ery Kus Dwianingsih ◽

Yurisal Akhmad Dany ◽

Lucky Frannata ◽

Ibnu Widya Argo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Immune Escape ◽

Slight Modification ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

P Value ◽

Cancer Tissue ◽

Programmed Death ◽

Prostate Cancer Tissue ◽

Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽

Programmed Death 1

Abstract Introduction : This study aims to investigate the relationship between IL-4 expression with Apoptosis-associated gene receptors (PD-1, CTLA-4) and Programmed Death-1 Ligands (PD-L1, PD-L2) in the microenvironment of prostate cancer tissue.Methods : The samples were collected from single-center hospital in a period from 2014 to 2020. Deparaffinize formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and RNAs extraction by manufacturer’s protocol with slight modification was performed. The RNAs expressions were investigated by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Then we categorize them into 4 groups. The ANOVA test is used to compare mean expression between groups and followed by a correlation test using Pearson test.Result : In the BPH group sample, CTLA-4 had the highest expression level, followed by the expression of IL-4, PD-L2, then PD-1 and PD-L1. The concentration of IL-4 in prostate cancer, both metastatic and non-metastatic, is higher than in BPH, with a p-value of 0.006. the correlation between IL-4 and PD-L1 is the strongest (r=0.919), between IL-4 and PD-L2 comes the second (0.832) and between PD-1 is comes the third (r=0.626).Conclusion : In this study, we find that the expression of IL-4 and Apoptosis-Associated Gene Receptors (PD-1, CTLA-4) and Programmed Death-1 Ligands (PD-L1, PD-L2) in the prostate cancer tissue microenvironment have a significant relationship. In conclusion, it is possible that IL-4 is a promoter of the Immune Escape mechanism in prostate cancer.

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Hubungan antara Berat Badan Berlebih dengan Terjadinya Sindrom Syok Dengue pada Anak di RSD dr. Soebandi, Jember

Pustaka Kesehatan ◽

10.19184/pk.v7i1.17589 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Hana Nabilah ◽

M. Ali Shadikin ◽

Rony Prasetyo

Keyword(s):

Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Group Control Group ◽

Chi Square Analysis

Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS) is shock syndrome that happened in dengue hemorrhagic fever patients. There are risk factors that cause DSS. One of them is overweight in children. This study aimed to determine the relationship between overweight and the occurence of DSS. This retrospective case control study conducted at the dr. Soebandi Hospital Jember. Sampels were divided into DSS group (case group) and non-DSS group (control group). To analyze the data, Chi-Square test was performed using SPSS version 21. Aa many as 191 patients were included in this study which consisted of 132 patients as the control group and 59 patients as the case group. Chi-square analysis showed the p-value was 0,649. In conclusion, overweight was not significantly associated as a risk factor of DSS in children at the dr. Soebandi hospital.

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The Association Between Anemia of Chronic Inflammation and Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports ◽

10.3233/adr-200178 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 379-391

Author(s):

Alexander Andreev ◽

Burak Erdinc ◽

Kiran Shivaraj ◽

Julia Schmutz ◽

Olga Levochkina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Binding Capacity ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Iron Level ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Anemia Of Chronic Inflammation

Background: Dementia is a spectrum of neurological diseases characterized by memory impairment and cognitive decline with the pathogenesis and effective management remaining elusive. Several studies have identified a correlation between anemia and Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD); however, anemia subtypes and association with ADRD have yet to be studied conclusively. Objective: To study an association between ADRD and anemia of chronic inflammation. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study of the patients, diagnosed with ADRD at Brookdale Hospital. Pair-wise comparisons between means of controls and cases in terms of iron studies and laboratory results were performed using a Mann–Whitney U test. Pair-wise comparisons between anemia subgroups (moderate and severe) were performed using a Two Sample proportion Z-Test, where for each couple of normally distributed population. Results: There was a total of 4,517 (1,274 ADRD group; 3,243 Control group) patients. There was significant difference in hemoglobin 10.15 versus 11.04 [p-value <0.001]. Iron studies showed a significant difference in ferritin 395±488.18 versus 263±1023.4 [p < 0.001], total iron binding capacity 225±84.08 versus 266±82.30 [p < 0.001] and serum iron level 64±39.34 versus 53±41.83 [p < 0.001]. Folic acid and vitamin B12 levels were normal in both groups. Severe and moderate anemia in the ADRD group were respectively 6.2% [95% CI: 4.2–8.4] and 13% [95% CI: 9.8–16.2] higher. Overall, incidence of moderate-to-severe anemia was found to be 19% higher in ADRD group [95% CI: 15.8–22.1]. Conclusion: We demonstrated an association between ADRD and anemia of chronic inflammation independent of age, renal function, and HgbA1C levels.

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Tomato Sauce Supplementation and Prostate Cancer: Lycopene Accumulation and Modulation of Biomarkers of Carcinogenesis

Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1177/153537020222701008 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 227 (10) ◽

pp. 886-893 ◽

Cited By ~ 131

Author(s):

Phyllis Bowen ◽

Longwen Chen ◽

Maria Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis ◽

Claudine Duncan ◽

Roohollah Sharifi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Prostate Tissue ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Daily Consumption ◽

Tomato Sauce ◽

Resected Tissue

As part of a randomized placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effect of lycopene supplementation on DNA damage in men with prostate cancer, a nonrandomized 5th arm using tomato sauce was included and reported here. Thirty-two patients with localized prostate adenocarcinoma consumed tomato sauce-based pasta dishes for 3 weeks (30 mg of lycopene/day) before their scheduled radical prostatectomy. Prostate tissue was obtained as biopsies at baseline and as resected tissue at the time of the prostatectomy. Serum and prostate lycopene, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentrations, and leukocyte DNA 8-OH-deoxyguanosine/deoxyguanosine (80HdG) were measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. Cancer cells in paraffin sections of prostate biopsies and postintervention resected tissue were compared for 80HdG staining and for apoptosis. Adherence to the daily consumption of tomato-based entrees was 81.6% of the intended dose, and serum and prostate lycopene concentrations increased 1.97- and 2.92-fold (P< 0.001), respectively. Mean serum PSA concentrations decreased by 17.5% (P< 0.002) and leukocyte 80HdG decreased by 21.3% (P< 0.005) after tomato sauce consumption. Resected tissues from tomato sauce-supplemented patients had 28.3% lower prostate 80HdG compared with the nonstudy control group (P < 0.03). Cancer cell 80HdG staining of Gleason Score-matched resected prostate sections was reduced by 40.5% in mean nuclear density (P < 0.005) and by 36.4% in mean area (P < 0.018) compared with the presupplementation biopsy. Apoptotic index was higher in hyperplastic and neoplastic cells in the resected tissue after supplementation. These data taken as a whole indicate significant uptake of lycopene into prostate tissue and a reduction in DNA damage in both leukocyte and prostate tissue. Whether reduction in DNA. damage to prostate cancer cells is beneficial awaits further research, although reduction in serum PSA concentrations is promising.

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Multiple gene targeting siRNAs for down regulation of Immediate Early-2 (Ie2) and DNA polymerase genes mediated inhibition of novel rat Cytomegalovirus (strain All-03)

Virology Journal ◽

10.1186/s12985-020-01436-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Krishnan Nair Balakrishnan ◽

Ashwaq Ahmed Abdullah ◽

Jamilu Abubakar Bala ◽

Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse ◽

Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Polymerase ◽

Colorimetric Assay ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Digital Pcr ◽

Host Cells ◽

Effective Vaccine ◽

Control Group ◽

Polymerase Gene ◽

Infectious Dose ◽

Dna Polymerase Gene

Abstract Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes severe complications in congenitally infected newborns and non-immunocompetent individuals. Developing an effective vaccine is a major public health priority and current drugs are fronting resistance and side effects on recipients. In the present study, with the aim of exploring new strategies to counteract CMV replication, several anti-CMV siRNAs targeting IE2 and DNA polymerase gene regions were characterized and used as in combinations for antiviral therapy. Methods The rat embryo fibroblast (REF) cells were transfected with multi siRNA before infecting with CMV strain ALL-03. Viral growth inhibition was measured by tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50), cytopathic effect (CPE) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) while IE2 and DNA polymerase gene knockdown was determined by real-time PCR. Ganciclovir was deployed as a control to benchmark the efficacy of antiviral activities of respective individual siRNAs. Results There was no significant cytotoxicity encountered for all the combinations of siRNAs on REF cells analyzed by MTT colorimetric assay (P > 0.05). Cytopathic effects (CPE) in cells infected by RCMV ALL-03 had developed significantly less and at much slower rate compared to control group. The expression of targeted genes was downregulated successfully resulted in significant reduction (P < 0.05) of viral mRNA and DNA copies (dpb + dpc: 79%, 68%; dpb + ie2b: 68%, 60%; dpb + dpc + ie2b: 48%, 42%). Flow cytometry analysis showed a greater percentage of viable and early apoptosis of combined siRNAs-treated cells compared to control group. Notably, the siRNAs targeting gene regions were sequenced and mutations were not encountered, thereby avoiding the formation of mutant with potential resistant viruses. Conclusions In conclusion. The study demonstrated a tremendous promise of innovative approach with the deployment of combined siRNAs targeting at several genes simultaneously with the aim to control CMV replication in host cells.

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Multiple gene targeting siRNAs for down regulation of Immediate Early-2 (Ie2) and DNA polymerase genes mediated inhibition of novel rat Cytomegalovirus (strain All-03)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-44829/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Krishnan Nair Balakrishnan ◽

Ashwaq Ahmed Abdullah ◽

Jamilu Abubakar Bala ◽

Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse ◽

Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Polymerase ◽

Colorimetric Assay ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Digital Pcr ◽

Host Cells ◽

Effective Vaccine ◽

Control Group ◽

Polymerase Gene ◽

Antiviral Activities ◽

Dna Polymerase Gene

Abstract Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes severe complications in congenitally infected newborns and non-immunocompetent individuals. Developing an effective vaccine is a major public health priority and current drugs are fronting resistance and side effects on recipients. In the present study, with the aim of exploring new strategies to counteract CMV replication, several anti-CMV siRNAs targeting IE2 and DNA polymerase gene regions were characterized and used as in combinations for antiviral therapy. Methods The rat embryo fibroblast (REF) cells were transfected with multi siRNA before infecting with CMV strain ALL-03. Viral growth inhibition was measured by TCID50, cytopathic effect (CPE) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) while IE2 and DNA polymerase gene knockdown was determined by real-time PCR. Ganciclovir was deployed as a control to benchmark the efficacy of antiviral activities of respective individual siRNAs. Results There was no cytotoxicity encountered for all the combinations of siRNAs on REF cells analyzed by MTT colorimetric assay (P > 0.05). Cytopathic effects (CPE) in cells infected by RCMV ALL-03 developed significantly less and at much slower rate compared to control group. The expression of targeted genes was downregulated successfully resulted in significant reduction (P < 0.05) of viral mRNA and DNA copies (dpb + dpc: 79%, 68%; dpb + ie2b: 68%, 60%; dpb + dpc + ie2b: 48%, 42%). Flow cytometry analysis showed a greater percentage of viable and early apoptosis of combined siRNAs-treated cells compared to control group. Notably, the siRNAs targeting gene regions were sequenced and no any mutation was identified, thereby avoiding the formation of mutant with potential resistant viruses. Conclusions In conclusion. The study demonstrated a tremendous promise of innovative approach with the deployment of combined siRNAs targeting at several genes simultaneously with the aim to control CMV replication in host cells.

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