Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in Mexican Management Forest: Simulation of Biomass Harvesting and C and N Amendments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Cristina Ordoñez ◽  
Leopoldo Galicia ◽  
Karla Valladares-Samperio
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Silvicultural Management ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Sustainable silvicultural management requires the maintenance of long-term ecosystem processes. We used the CENTURY model to simulate the impact of wood extraction and organic amendments on aboveground biomass, carbon (C) storage, and the availability of nitrogen (N) in the two dominant silvicultural methods in Mexico: the silvicultural development method (SDM) and irregular forest management (IFM). The values of the mean absolute percentage error for the SDM and IFM were 2.1% and 3.3% for C in aboveground biomass, 5.7% and 5.0% for soil organic carbon (SOC), and 14.9% and 21.6% for N, respectively. Simulation for the SDM (1967–2068) suggested a reduction of ~7% in C in soil, microbial biomass, and litter, 9% in aboveground biomass C, and ~20% in the mineral N available. For IFM, the simulation (2009–2019) suggested a reduction of 14% in the accumulation of aboveground biomass and 13% in the mineral N available. Simulation of the adoption of management practices suggested that N mineral availability would increase by 2%–3% without drastically reducing the SOC, improving aboveground biomass production by ~7%, in each management system. Study Implications In Mexico, current silvicultural management is causing alterations in the biological and chemical processes of the soil, but the future impacts on the production of forest wood and loss of fertility cannot be estimated by direct measurements. We simulated two silvicultural management alternatives with two rotation cycles and measured the response in terms of SOC, nitrogen availability, and aboveground biomass. The model shows that improving forest residue management by adding organic amendments to the soil would counteract changes in soil microbial activity, nitrogen availability, SOC, and aboveground biomass in the future. Managers should consider this information to reorient current crop residue management to achieve the objectives and the sustainability of forest management in Mexican temperate forests.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Availability in Biochar-Amended Soils with Excessive Compost Application

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Chi Tsai ◽  
Yu-Fang Chang
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Mineralization Potential ◽  
The Impact

Adding biochar to excessive compost amendments may affect compost mineralization rate and nitrogen (N) availability. The objective of this 371-day incubation study was to evaluate the effects of four proportions of woody biochar (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%) from lead tree (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de. Wit) biochar produced at 750 °C through dynamic mineral N and N mineralization rates in three rural soils (one Oxisol and two Inceptisols). In each treatment, 5% poultry–livestock manure compost was added to serve as an excessive application. The results indicated that the biochar decreased available total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) (NO3−-N+NH4+-N) by on average 6%, 9% and 19% for 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% treatments, respectively. The soil type strongly influenced the impact of the biochar addition on the soil nitrogen mineralization potential, especially the soil pH and clay content. This study showed that the co-application of biochar and excessive compost benefited the agricultural soils by improving NO3−-N retention in agroecosystems. The application of biochar to these soils to combine it with excessive compost appeared to be an effective method of utilizing these soil amendments, as it diminished the net N mineralization potential and reduced the nitrate loss of the excessive added compost.

scholarly journals Permafrost carbon−climate feedback is sensitive to deep soil carbon decomposability but not deep soil nitrogen dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (12) ◽  
pp. 3752-3757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D. Koven ◽  
David M. Lawrence ◽  
William J. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
Permafrost Region ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Permafrost Thaw ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

Permafrost soils contain enormous amounts of organic carbon whose stability is contingent on remaining frozen. With future warming, these soils may release carbon to the atmosphere and act as a positive feedback to climate change. Significant uncertainty remains on the postthaw carbon dynamics of permafrost-affected ecosystems, in particular since most of the carbon resides at depth where decomposition dynamics may differ from surface soils, and since nitrogen mineralized by decomposition may enhance plant growth. Here we show, using a carbon−nitrogen model that includes permafrost processes forced in an unmitigated warming scenario, that the future carbon balance of the permafrost region is highly sensitive to the decomposability of deeper carbon, with the net balance ranging from 21 Pg C to 164 Pg C losses by 2300. Increased soil nitrogen mineralization reduces nutrient limitations, but the impact of deep nitrogen on the carbon budget is small due to enhanced nitrogen availability from warming surface soils and seasonal asynchrony between deeper nitrogen availability and plant nitrogen demands. Although nitrogen dynamics are highly uncertain, the future carbon balance of this region is projected to hinge more on the rate and extent of permafrost thaw and soil decomposition than on enhanced nitrogen availability for vegetation growth resulting from permafrost thaw.

scholarly journals Assessing the potential of biochar aged by humic substances to enhance plant growth and soil biological activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Hammerschmiedt ◽  
Jiri Holatko ◽  
Vaclav Pecina ◽  
Dalibor Huska ◽  
Oldrich Latal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Respiration Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Activated Biochar ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Soil carbon-rich organic amendments (biochar, humic substances) may improve the quality and fertility of arable soil. Their co-application can additively enhance the beneficial effect on soil. Hypothetically, the pre-treatment of biochar, by aging via soaking in a solution of commercially available humic substances, could result in synergism, which may exceed the benefit from simple co-application of both amendments to the soil. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of biochar, humic substances, the combination of both, and the impact of biochar aged by humic substances solution on soil microbial activities and plant growth in a short-term pot experiment with lettuce. Results The aging of biochar decreased the C:N ratio as compared to non-activated biochar. The co-application of biochar and humic substances into the soil resulted in the highest microbial biomass carbon and respiration activity. The majority of enzyme activities (β-glucosidase, arylsulfatase, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase, phosphatase) were the highest in humic substances-amended soil. The application of humic substances and biochar with humic substances seemed to stimulate microbial growth and activity followed by the competition of microflora for nutrients with plants, whereas the aged biochar behaved differently. The plants treated by aged biochar achieved the highest values of dry aboveground and root biomass of all variants. However, the assumed rapid uptake of nutrients by plants resulted in lower nutrient availability for microflora, and a decline in microbial viability. Conclusions Based on this study, the positive effect of co-applied humic substances and biochar on soil fertility, quality, and health can be concluded. The usability of biochar aging by humic solution requires further study. Graphic abstract

Brassica crops stimulate soil mineral N accumulation

Soil Research ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Ryan ◽  
J. A. Kirkegaard ◽  
J. F. Angus
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
The Impact

The impact of Brassica crops and their tissues on accumulation of mineral N in soil was examined in the field and in laboratory incubation experiments. Mineral N accumulation over the summer fallow increased by an additional 39–49 kg/ha in the top 0.10 m of soil following brassicas compared with wheat at 2 sites. At a third site there was no increase in the top 0.10 m, but this was possibly due to leaching, as a 21–39 kg/ha increase was detected over the 1.50 m profile. The accumulation of mineral N in soil collected after harvest of canola crops and incubated in the laboratory was double that of soil collected after non-Brassica crops. This outcome was not evident in soil collected when crops were flowering, only occurred in the top 0.05 m of soil, and did not persist beyond week 3 of the incubation. In further laboratory incubations using tissues from wheat and a range of brassicas matched for C : N ratio but differing in glucosinolate concentration, Brassica root tissues initially immobilised, and later released, mineral N at a greater rate than wheat root tissues. These results suggest that enhanced accumulation of mineral N following Brassica crops compared with cereal crops is unlikely to be due to biofumigation of the soil microbial community. Shifts in the composition of the soil microbial community and differences in the chemical constituents of root tissues and in above-ground crop residue inputs may instead be responsible.

Effect of nitrogen fertilization and residue management on the productivity of winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Berhanu ◽  
T. Kismányoky ◽  
K. Sárdi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Organic Source

Nutrient management practices that concurrently improve soil properties and yield are essential for sustaining barley production. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of balanced nitrogen fertilizer application involving farmyard manure (FYM) and residue management. The experiment had a factorial arrangement of five levels of mineral N and two organic fertilizer sources. The five levels of N fertilizer were applied in three replicates in combination with each of the two organic sources and a control (without organic source). Average plant height (PH), grain yield (GY), and straw yield (SY) were significantly (P <0.05) influenced by the main effect of N application and organic source; however their interaction was insignificant. The highest grain yield (103%) was obtained with 120 kg N compared to the control. The grain yield increased by 23.4% and 44% with FYM and residue, respectively, against the untreated control.

scholarly journals Impacts of the Winter Pea Crop (Instead of Rapeseed) on Soil Microbial Communities, Nitrogen Balance and Wheat Yield

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 548
Author(s):  
Cyrine Rezgui ◽  
Wassila Riah-Anglet ◽  
Marie Benoit ◽  
Pierre Yves Bernard ◽  
Karine Laval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crop Succession

Due to legume-based systems improving several aspects of soil fertility, the diversification of agrosystems using legumes in crop succession is gaining increasing interest. The benefits of legumes aroused the interest of farmers in the association of the Economic and Environmental Interest Group (EEIG), who introduced the idea of using the winter pea instead of rapeseed in their crop succession. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the winter pea compared to those of rapeseed, as a head crop of the rotation, on soil microbial communities, enzyme activities, nitrogen (N) balance and yields. The field experiment involved two farmer plots that were selected within the EEIG. In each plot, two crop successions, including winter pea–wheat and rapeseed–wheat with fertilized and unfertilized strips, were examined for two years. Three times a year, under the wheat crop, composite soil samples were collected at depths of 0–20 cm, for microbial abundance and enzyme activity analyses, and twice a year at a depth of 0–60 cm, for the measuring of the mineral N. The results showed that the rapeseed–wheat succession maintained or enhanced soil bacterial and fungal biomasses and their enzyme activities. The winter pea–wheat succession enriched the soil’s mineral N content more consistently than the rapeseed–wheat succession. The mineral N enhancement’s effect was maintained under the wheat crop. Overall, the impact of the winter pea was positive on the soil’s N dynamics, but wheat yields were equivalent regardless of the previous crop (winter pea or rapeseed with and without fertilization). In the Normandy region, as rapeseed requires a large amount of N fertilizer and pesticide to maintain the yield and quality of crop products, it is suitable to favor the introduction of the winter pea as the head crop of the rotation, which indirectly allows for a reduction in the costs of input production and use, the working time of farmers and environmental pollution.

Optimizing combining green manures and pelletized manure for organic spring wheat production

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Z. Alam ◽  
Derek H. Lynch ◽  
Gilles Tremblay ◽  
Rosalie Gillis-Madden ◽  
Anne Vanasse
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
The Impact

Well-planned crop rotations and targeted use of organic amendments are critical to success in organic wheat production. The impact of green manure (GMr) type, GMr termination timing, and “Acti-Sol” [pelletized dehydrated poultry manure (DPM); 5-2-3] on organic wheat productivity and quality was evaluated from 2014 to 2016 in Truro, NS, and Saint-Mathieu-de-Beloeil, QC. Crops prior to wheat were soybean or GMr of hairy vetch/oat (HVO), common vetch/oat (CVO), and red clover (RC) (NS site), and HVO, red clover/oat (RCO), and oat (QC site). Trials were split-split-plot designs with treatments of precrops, GMr termination (fall vs. spring), and DPM at 0, 40, 80, and 120 kg total N ha−1. Wheat yields ranged from 1500 to 1800 kg ha−1 if unfertilized with DPM and following soybean or oat precrops. All legume GMrs (HVO, CVO, and RC/RCO) and DPM applications increased grain yield (2000–4200 kg ha−1) and protein content (13%–16%), wheat total N uptake [49–60 kg N ha−1 (QC); 87–125 kg N ha−1 (NS)] and soil mineral N content mid-season and postharvest, and responses were consistently greatest following HVO. Timing of GMr incorporation largely had no impact. Applying DPM at 80 kg N ha−1 was an effective substitute for a GMr precrop.

Nordic Bioeconomic Pathways - catchment scale water quality impacts of various scenarios and projections 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Bhattacharjee ◽  
Hannu Marttila ◽  
Artti Juutinen ◽  
Anne Tolvanen ◽  
Arto Haara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Catchment Management ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Stand Management ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;The development, the alternative pathways for use of bioresources, can lead to plausible stressors in the future on forestry dominated catchments. It is needed to analyse the impact of regional future projections on different land system management (LSM) attributes. The catchment scale projections are downscaled from Nordic Bioeconomic Pathways (NBPs), the subsets of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). As a case study, the Simojoki catchment (3160 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) in northern Finland has been considered where drained peatlands and forests dominate (53%) in the catchment. We integrated stakeholder-driven input, Finnish forest inventory model pathways (MELA) and hydrological catchment model (SWAT) to explore the future consequences of forest management practices for different NBP scenarios. We calibrated and validated water quality parameters in SWAT for the Simojoki catchment. Then, based on the output of MELA model of LSM attributes including stand management, catchment management strategy and fertilizer use, we used NBP scenario projections in SWAT model. We also included stakeholders&amp;#8217; evaluations of biomass removal at the time of harvesting at the Simojoki catchment. Additionally, climate imposing emission scenarios have been integrated into SWAT model to analyse longer perception of climate change (CC). The final outcomes of the proposed scenarios (NBP and/or CC&lt;strong&gt;)&lt;/strong&gt; will portray the probable impacts on each LSM attribute in the Simojoki catchment, to adapt to the future forest management consequences.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Residue management alters microbial diversity and activity without affecting their community composition in black soil, Northeast China

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyu Gu ◽  
Xingjun Guo ◽  
Yuetong Cai ◽  
Zehui Zhang ◽  
Shuai Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Jointing Stage ◽  
The Impact

Residue management is an important agricultural practice for improving soil fertility. To reveal the impact of residue management on soil microbial community, we conducted a field experiment with three treatments: no straw returning (control, CK), straw returning (SR), and straw returning combined with cow manure (SM). Our results indicated that soil organic matter content was significantly higher in SR treatment than CK in both seedling and jointing stages. In seedling stage, the lowest total nitrogen content was observed in CK treatment, and significantly lower than that in SM and SR treatment. Furthermore, soil available phosphorus content was significantly higher in SM and SR treatment than CK in jointing stage. In the seedling stage, the soil microbial average wellcolor development (AWCD) value, microbial McIntosh index, and Shannon index of CK and SM treatments were significantly higher than those in SR treatment. The AWCD value and McIntosh index in the jointing stage showed similar patterns: SM > CK > SR. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance indicated that soil microbial community was significantly affected by growth stage, but unaffected by residue management. The partial Mantel test revealed that the available potassium and the C/N ratio had independent effects on soil microbial community. Overall, our results indicated that straw returning combined with cow manure had a beneficial effect on soil fertility, microbial activity and diversity.

scholarly journals Post-Harvest N2O Emissions Can Be Mitigated With Organic Amendments

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rothardt ◽  
R. Fuß ◽  
I. Pahlmann ◽  
H. Kage
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
The Impact

After the harvest of winter oilseed rape and faba bean crops, considerable high soil nitrate values may be built up before winter in central to north European regions. High precipitation and a low N uptake by the subsequent crop in fall cause a high risk of N2O emissions and nitrate leaching. Microbial decomposition of crop residues or high carbon amendments may immobilize mineral N temporarily and may prevent losses by direct N2O emissions. Five treatments, including crop residue removal and application of different organic amendments after harvest, were tested in a field trial in Northern Germany to elucidate the potential of this mechanism as a mitigation option. N2O emissions and the soil mineral nitrogen status were monitored from August to March for three consecutive years. Observed emissions ranged from 0.1 to 3.4 kg N ha−1 in 180 days. An empirical model approach was applied to separate the impact of spatially and temporally heterogeneous environmental conditions between the plots of the field experiment from treatment effects in the subsequent statistical analysis of N2O emissions. Results show that the exchange of the initial crop residues with organic amendments with high C:N ratios (i.e., winter wheat straw and sawdust) after the harvest of faba bean or oilseed rape can reduce N2O emission during fall and winter by up to 45%.

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