scholarly journals Age Differences in Becoming COVID Long-Haulers and in Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 15-15
Author(s):  
Qiao Wu ◽  
Eileen Crimmins
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Significant Determinant ◽  
Future Health ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract People who have had COVID-19 can suffer from the continuation of Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), also known as “long COVID”, for months after infection. Understanding PASC is important for treatment, care, and projecting future health of the population. Since older adults are at higher risk of severe illness and consequences from COVID, we hypothesize that they are more likely to become COVID long-haulers and report more symptoms at the time of diagnosis and three months after. We use a nationally representative sample of adults from the Understanding America Study COVID-19 Survey, from March to December 2020, to estimate the prevalence of long COVID and identify the most common long-term symptoms and how they vary by age. We use multilevel models to examine the determinants of symptom count and change over time. Among the 608 people with a COVID diagnosis, 83 (13.7%) aged over 65; almost half (47.9%) reported symptoms three months after diagnosis; the proportion did not differ across age groups. The most common symptoms were fatigue (25.0%), runny/stuffy nose (18.9%), body aches (16.4%), sneezing (15.1%), and headache (13.6%). These symptoms were consistent across age groups, while people aged 65 and older reported significantly less cough (χ2=3.96; P=0.05) and headache (χ2=4.24; P=0.04) compared to their younger counterparts. Neither the mean at the time of the diagnosis nor the rate of change of the symptom count varied across age groups. Our analyses suggest that age is not a significant determinant of PASC symptom count or becoming a COVID long-hauler.

scholarly journals Violence and the crime drop

2020 ◽  
pp. 147737082091345
Author(s):  
Soenita M. Ganpat ◽  
Laura Garius ◽  
Andromachi Tseloni ◽  
Nick Tilley
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Crime Concentration ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Crime Drop ◽  
Weighted Data ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Stranger Violence

According to the Crime Survey for England and Wales, violence fell dramatically between 1995 and 2013/14. To improve understanding of the fall in violent crime, this study examines long-term crime trends in England and Wales over the past two decades, by scrutinizing the trends in (a) stranger and acquaintance violence, (b) severity of violence, (c) age groups, and (d) sexes. It draws on nationally representative, weighted data from the Crime Survey for England and Wales, and examines prevalence, incidence and crime concentration trends. The overall violence fall was driven by a decline in the victimization of young individuals and/or males perpetrated by acquaintances since 1995. Stranger and acquaintance violence followed different trajectories, with the former beginning to drop post 2003/4. Falls in both stranger and acquaintance violence incidence rates were led by a reduction in victims over time. Counting all incidents reported by the same victim (instead of capping at five incidents) significantly affects trends in stranger violence but not in acquaintance violence. In relation to the distributive justice within the crime drop, this study provides unique evidence of equitable falls in acquaintance violence but inequitable falls in stranger violence. These findings highlight the need to examine violence types separately and point to a number of areas for future research.

scholarly journals Loneliness from young adulthood to old age: Explaining age differences in loneliness

2020 ◽  
pp. 016502542097104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise C. Hawkley ◽  
Susanne Buecker ◽  
Till Kaiser ◽  
Maike Luhmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Household Income ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Nonlinear Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Nationally Representative

Prior research in non-U.S. samples has found a complex nonlinear relationship between loneliness and age. This research has shown that established predictors of loneliness—poor health, being unmarried, living alone, and having infrequent social interactions—help to explain age differences in loneliness. However, while some variables were found to be universal predictors of loneliness at all ages, others were relevant in specific age groups only. In this study, we describe age differences in frequency of loneliness from age 18 to 89+ years in the U.S. and examine age differences in predictors of loneliness from age-specificity and age-normative perspectives. We used cross-sectional nationally representative data from the General Social Survey ( N = 2,477) and found a nonlinear relationship between age and loneliness that closely resembles prior research. However, we found no evidence for age-specific predictors of loneliness. Household income, household size, marital status, health, and frequency of socializing were “universal” predictors of loneliness; their associations with loneliness did not differ in strength with age. Our hypothesis that individuals who deviated from age-specific norms would experience more intense loneliness was not supported. Implications for research and loneliness interventions are discussed.

scholarly journals Age Distribution of Patients Presenting With Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in Kathmandu, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Damodar Gajurel ◽  
Rabi Prakash Sharma ◽  
Krishna Dhungana ◽  
Niranjan Acharya ◽  
Prasant Karki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paratyphoid Fever

Background: Enteric fever is a significant cause of morbidity in Nepal. In the past, Salmonella entericaserovar Typhi (S. Typhi) was the major causative organism of enteric fever. However, more recently, Salmonella entericaserovar Paratyphi (S.Paratyphi) A has been isolated from most patients presenting with enteric fever in various regions of Nepal. This study aimed to evaluate age differences in patients presenting with typhoid and paratyphoid fever.Materials & Methods: Between December 2014 and October 2015, 186 patients presented with enteric fever to the Civil Service Hospital in Kathmandu. S. Typhi and S.Paratyphi A were isolated from blood cultures in 48.4% and 51.6% of the cases, respectively. Age groups of the patients infected with either serovar were compared.Results: The mean age of patients from whom S. Typhi was isolated was 19.3 years, while the mean age of patients from whom S. Paratyphi A was isolated was 25.2 years; p=0.025.Conclusion: Our study shows that age is an important factor in having either typhoid or paratyphoid fever. This will help in the prevention of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in various age groups.Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVolume 6, Number 2, Issue 11 (July-December, 2017) Page:25-28

scholarly journals Sodium and Potassium Intakes and Their Ratio in Adults (18–90 y): Findings from the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 938
Author(s):  
Eoin Morrissey ◽  
Miriam Giltinan ◽  
Laura Kehoe ◽  
Anne P. Nugent ◽  
Breige A. McNulty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Processed Meats ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nationally Representative

An individual’s sodium to potassium intake ratio (Na:K) has been shown to be an important predictor of hypertension. The aim of this study was to estimate the mean 24 h urinary Na, K and Na:K of Irish adults and to identify the foods that determine Na:K in a nationally representative sample of Irish adults. This study was based on data from the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (2008–2010) (NANS), which collected spot urine samples and dietary data in a nationally representative sample of Irish adults aged 18+ years. The mean urinary molar Na:K of Irish men and women was 1.90 and 2.15, respectively, which exceed target molar ratios of ≤1.0 and ≤2.0. The mean estimated 24-h urinary excretion of Na was 4631 mg for men and 3525 mg for women, which exceed target maximum population intakes for all gender and age groups. The mean estimated 24-h urinary excretion of K was 3894 mg for men and 2686 mg for women, with intakes in women of all ages and older men (65+ years) below current recommendations. The key foods positively associated with a lower Na:K were fruits, vegetables, potatoes, breakfast cereals, milk, yogurt and fresh meat, while the foods negatively associated with a lower Na:K were breads, cured and processed meats and butters and fat spreads. Strategies to reduce sodium and increase potassium intakes are necessary to lower population Na:K, which may help to reduce the burden of hypertension-related diseases in the Irish population.

Ability of high school pupils to estimate vocational interests: Some influences of demographic factors and context

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
James A. Athanasou ◽  
Ray W. Cooksey
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Interest Inventory ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Squared Euclidean Distance

ABSTRACTThis study examines the influence of demographic factors such as age, sex, and school setting on self-estimate ability. The subjects (N = 1814) in this study were administered an interest inventory (Vocational lnterest Survey) and a self-rating scale (Work Interest Survey). Similarity between self-estimate and measured interest profiles was assessed using the correlation between individual's profiles and the squared Euclidean distance (D2), and its components (elevation, scatter, and shape by scatter). There were significant differences between boys and girls on profile parameters of elevation, the overall distance between profiles, and self-estimate ability. Girls, on the whole, were better able to estimate the pattern of measured interests (0.62), compared to boys (0.55), but the magnitude of this difference between these coefficients (i.e., 0.07) was very small. Age differences between four age groups (14, 15, 16, and those over 16 years) were small. The mean correlation at 14 years was 0.64 compared with 0.57 at 16 years and 0.4 for those over 16 years. Differences between single-sex schools and co-educational schools were the third factor considered. Girls' schools had the highest correlation between the VIS and WIS profiles (0.63), followed by co-educational schools (0.58) and boys' schools had the lowest profile correlation (0.55).

scholarly journals Parent Stress in Childhood Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAK Basher ◽  
MR Karim ◽  
N Sultana ◽  
KJ Hossain ◽  
MM Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Testicular Tumors ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Household Workers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stress Measuring ◽  
Medical University

The objective of the study was to assess level of stress of the parents with a child suffering from cancer. A total of 396 parents of which 146 fathers and 250 mothers were recruited from the National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital, Bangabandhu Sheik Mujib Medical University, Dhaka Medical College Hospital and Dhaka Shishu Hospital (DSH), Dhaka from January 2011 to November 2011. They were selected consecutively on the basis of the defined criteria. The research instruments were interviewer questionnaire and stress measuring standard scales. Results showed that all of the parents were found educated. In graduate and above, fathers were comparatively higher educated than that of mothers. In profession, 48.7%(n=193) were household workers, 33.7%(n=133) service holders and 17.6%(n=70) were businessmen. The monthly family income of the respondent were Tk. 10,000 to 20,000 in 77.0%(n=305). Results also showed that 86.8%(n=344) of them in both sexes had age in between 18 to 40 years of which 44.9%(n=178) had age 31-40 years and 41.9%(n=166) were 18-30 years respectively. Only 13.2%(n=52) of both sexes had age above 40 years. The mean age of them were 33 ± 8 years. The type of cancers among the children of the respondents was described in the Table 2. The results showed that 61.4%(n=243) of the children had been suffering form leukemia, 17.4%(n=69) lymphoma, 8.3%(n=33) reticuloblastoma, 2.5%(n=10) neuroblastoma, 1.1%(n=4) solid tumors and 9.3%(n=48) were from other cancers such as embryoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, testicular tumors etc. The age of the children who had been suffering from different type of cancers was summarized in the Table-3. About 44.4%(n=176) of the children had age 1-5 years, 35.6%(n=141) age 6-10 years and 20.0%(n=79) were of age 11-15 years respectively.Leukemia was found the highest incidence among all age groups of the boys and girls. Results also showed that 63.8%(n=253) of the parents had certainly affected due to the stress. About 6.7%(n=26) of the parents had severely affected and 28.7%(n=114) may be affected induced by the cancers of their children. The poorly educated, up to class-X, fathers and mothers constituted 49.8%(n=197) were found certainly affected with the stress. Middle age group (31-40 years) having middle class socioeconomic status had also similar characteristics of the stress among the respondents. In duration of the disease at the time of assessment, results showed that 21.8%(n=86) of the parents with one child suffering from cancer in between 7-12 months were found certainly and severely affected with the stress. Careful designed investigations of the long-term psychological and behavioral consequences of the parents are vital important for early interventions to assess and treat psychological distress of them. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v41i1.18773 Bangladesh Medical Journal 2012 Vol. 41 No. 1; 8-13

scholarly journals Health Systems, Aging, and Inequity: An Example from Chile

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6546
Author(s):  
Pablo Villalobos Dintrans
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Health System ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Financial Protection ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Improve Health Status ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Catastrophic Expenditures

Background: Just like many other countries around the world, Chile is facing the challenges of demographic transition and population aging. Considering this context, the question of how prepared the health system is to deal with these challenges arises; Methods: A framework to assess the health system’s preparedness for aging was proposed, considering the health system’s goals and features and using an equity approach. Indicators related to the health system’s goals were calculated for the year 2015 using three nationally-representative sources: health status (suicide rate), financial protection (out-of-pocket and catastrophic expenditures), and responsiveness (satisfaction). Age ratios were used to compare the system’s response to different age groups; Results: Results for Chile revealed the existence of inequities, particularly when assessing the system in terms of its ability to improve health status and financial protection. These gaps increase with age, suggesting that the Chilean health system is not prepared to meet older people’s needs; and Conclusions: These results call for a reform in the health system, as well as the need for implementing a long-term care system in the country.

scholarly journals Long-haul COVID: Healthcare Utilization and Medical Expenditures 6 Months Post-diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Medical Expenditures ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Surgical Services ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Despite evidence that long-term COVID-19 symptoms may persist for up to a year, their implications for healthcare utilization and costs 6 months post-diagnosis remain unexplored. Methods Our objective is to determine for how many months post-diagnosis healthcare utilization and costs of COVID-19 patients persist above pre-diagnosis levels and explore response heterogeneity across age groups. This population-based retrospective cohort study followed COVID-19 patients’ healthcare utilization and costs from January 2019 through March 2021 using claims data provided by the COVID-19 Research Database. The patient population includes 328,777 individuals infected with COVID-19 during March-September 2020 and whose last recorded claim was not hospitalization with severe symptoms. We measure the monthly number and costs of total visits and by telemedicine, preventive, urgent care, emergency, immunization, cardiology, inpatient or surgical services and established patient or new patient visits. Results The mean (SD) total number of monthly visits and costs pre-diagnosis were .4805 (4.2035) and 130.67 (1,216.66) dollars compared with 1.1998 (8.5184) visits and 341.7576 (2,439.5581) dollars post-diagnosis. COVID-19 diagnosis associated with .7338 (95% CI, 0.7175 to 0.7500 visits; P < .001) more total healthcare visits and an additional $215.40 (95% CI, 210.76 to 220.00; P<.001) in monthly costs. Excess monthly utilization and costs for individuals under 19 years old subside after 5 months to .021 visits and $3.7, persist at substantial levels for all other groups and most pronounced among individuals 50-59 (.236 visits and $78.60) and 60-69 (.196 visits and $73.10) years old. Conclusions This study found that COVID-19 diagnosis was associated with increased healthcare utilization and costs 6 months post-diagnosis. These findings imply a prolonged burden to the US healthcare system from medical encounters of COVID-19 patients and increased spending.

scholarly journals Paracoccidioidomycosis mortality in Brazil (1980-1995)

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1441-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziadir Francisco Coutinho ◽  
Delson da Silva ◽  
Márcia Lazéra ◽  
Valéria Petri ◽  
Rosely Magalhães de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sequential Data ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Low Visibility ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Long Term Trend ◽  
Annual Mortality

This study analyzes 3,181 deaths from paracoccidioidomycosis in Brazil, based on 16 years of sequential data (from 1980 to 1995). During this period paracoccidioidomycosis showed considerable magnitude and low visibility, representing the eighth most common cause of death from predominantly chronic or recurrent types of infectious and parasitic diseases. It also had the highest mortality rate among the systemic mycoses. The mean annual mortality rate was 1.45 per million inhabitants, indicating a downward long-term trend (reduction of 31.28%), while spatial distribution among the different regions and States of Brazil was non-homogenous. The South (with the highest regional rate) and the Southeast showed a downward trend, while the Central West had the second highest rate in the country. At least one-fifth of Brazilian municipalities (or 22.71% of the country's total area) reported deaths from paracoccidioidomycosis. Overall nationwide mortality per area was 3.73/10,000km². The disease was endemic in non-metropolitan areas. The majority of deaths occurred in males (84.75%), and there was a sex ratio of 562 men/100 women. The 30-59-year and over-60-year age groups were the most affected. The study showed that the mortality rate justifies classifying this disease as a major health problem in Brazil.

scholarly journals Age Differences of Human Sphenoid Sinus Dimensions: a Comparative Study by Gross Anatomical Dissection and CT Scan Imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-328
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahmad ABDALLA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Sphenoid Sinus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Twin Structure ◽  
Anatomical Dissection ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A Prospective Study

Introduction: The sphenoid sinus is a central skull cavity situated inside the sphenoid bone as a twin structure, separated by a complete bony septum. The aim of the study to measure the length, width, and height of human sphenoid sinus through dissection compared to CT scan images in different age groups of both genders. Methods: A prospective study of 360 human bodies including 110 dissected cadavers and 250 individuals with CT scan images during a period from January 2019 to February 2020. Results: In male cadavers, the mean value of length was (24.8±4.2) and (23.6±3.8) mm for right and left sides, while for females was (24.5±3.7) and (25.3±4.1) mm. Whereas, for CT cases were (25.4±3.1), (27.2±4.1), (21.3±4.2), and (24.4±3.8) mm respectively. Otherwise, the width was (15.8±3.2) and (19.2±4.5) mm for right and left sides in male cadavers; but for females was (18.2±3.8) and (22.7±3.7). In comparison to CT cases, were (19.6±4.1), (20.4±4.7), (17.3±5.2), and (19.2±5.6) mm respectively. In male cadavers, the height was (21.4±3.1) and (26.8±2.8) mm for right and left sides, while for females was (13.8±3.3) and (19.6±3.1) mm. Whereas, for CT cases were (16.7±2.5), (18.2±2.7), (14.6±2.9), and (15.8±3.3) mm respectively. Conclusion: Findings of both methods yield accurate anatomic sinus views, which may determine the age, gender, and race of alive or dead individuals.

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