scholarly journals Subclinical Cardiac Dysfunction and Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 702-702
Author(s):  
Mario Maalouf ◽  
Raymond Farah ◽  
Sola Bahous ◽  
Kamal Matli ◽  
Adina Zeki Al Hazzouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brain Vasculature

Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease, and more recently, subclinical cardiac dysfunction have both been implicated as important risk factors for cognitive decline. Several measures have been used to detect subclinical cardiac dysfunction, with global longitudinal strain (GLS) emerging as an important and more sensitive indicator than traditional measures. Yet, the association of GLS with cognitive function remains relatively unexplored. Objective The aim of this review is to systematically summarize the literature exploring the association between GLS and cognitive function. Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature following PRISMA guidelines using the following databases: PubMed, OVID Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL. Inclusion criteria were observational studies published in English, measuring GLS and assessing cognitive function through neuropsychiatric tests or brain imaging. Quality assessment was done using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Results The initial search revealed 394 studies, of which three met inclusion criteria and were included for final review. The three studies included were cross-sectional and of high quality. They all reported that lower GLS scores were associated? with worse cognitive function and more brain abnormalities in both bivariate and multivariable analysis. Conclusion Subclinical cardiac dysfunction, identified by GLS, was associated with worse cognitive function and presence of cerebral abnormality on brain imaging. The underlying mechanism could be attributed to dysfunctional autoregulatory and microvascular processes occurring in the brain vasculature. Further longitudinal studies are needed to better delineate the relationship between GLS and cognitive function.

scholarly journals How does academic achievement relate to cardiorespiratory fitness, self-reported physical activity and objectively reported physical activity: a systematic review in children and adolescents aged 6–18 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (16) ◽  
pp. 1039-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adilson Marques ◽  
Diana A Santos ◽  
Charles H Hillman ◽  
Luís B Sardinha
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveThis report aimed to systematically review the evidence for a differential association between objective and self-reported physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness on academic achievement.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesStudies were identified from searches in Embase, Education Resources Information Center, PubMed, PsycINFO, SPORTdiscus and Web of Science databases from January 2000 to December 2016.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesEligibility criteria included cross-sectional, longitudinal and interventional study designs. Outcomes included students’ school grade or a standardised test or measure of academic achievement. Explanatory variables were cardiorespiratory fitness and objective and self-reported physical activity. Inclusion criteria included school-aged children and adolescents aged–18 years (or students from primary to secondary school when student’s participants age was not described) and articles published in English, Portuguese or Spanish.ResultsA total of 51 articles met inclusion criteria: 41 cross-sectional, 2 intervention and 8 longitudinal studies. Results from 11 studies were inconsistent regarding the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and academic achievement. Ten of the 16 articles reported positive associations between self-reported physical activity and academic achievement. From the 22 studies that analysed the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and academic achievement, it was verified that they all generally support the beneficial effect of cardiorespiratory fitness on students’ academic achievement.ConclusionHigher cardiorespiratory fitness may be important to enhance children and adolescents’ health and, additionally, academic achievement. Due to a lack of consensus across studies, methodological issues associated with the assessment of physical activity should be considered when investigating physical activity and academic achievement.

scholarly journals The relationship between Internet use and self-concept clarity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Elena Petre
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship

There are three hypotheses regarding the relationship between Self-Concept Clarity (SCC) and Internet use. It was argued that Internet use: 1) decreases SCC, 2) increases SCC, 3) does not relate with SCC. The present study, in the form of a systematic and meta-analytic synthesis, aimed to explore: a) the extent empirical evidence can support each hypothesis; b) how Internet use-SCC relationship was addressed across studies; c) the intensity of the Internet use –SCC relationship; d) potential moderators. Twenty-one studies (N = 8,910) met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review (i.e., being quantitative, written in English, concerned with Internet use -SCC relationship) and 11 studies (N = 3,298) met the additional criteria for meta-analysis (i.e., being correlational, using self-evaluation instruments, quantifying general Internet use and including the information needed to calculate the meta-analysis specific indicators). Results emphasized that all three hypotheses are plausible, as distinct dimensions of Internet use related differently with SCC. However, the conclusions were limited by the extensive use of cross-sectional design. For general Internet use and SCC relationship the overall effect was -0.350, p < .01. Some moderators were significant: cultural background, Internet operationalization, age homogeneity, participants rewarding. This paper outlines the complexity of SCC – Internet relationship and underlines some of the gaps that should be further addressed. Implications and limits of the study (e.g., publication bias, excluded outcomes in the meta-analysis or possible omission of moderators) are discussed.

Association Between Spirituality/religiousness and Quality of Life Among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
CEZIMAR CORREIA BORGES ◽  
PATRÍCIA ROBERTA DOS SANTOS ◽  
POLISSANDRO MORTOZA ALVES ◽  
RENATA CUSTÓDIO MACIEL BORGES ◽  
GIANCARLO LUCCHETTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is determined by multiple factors that include components such as spirituality and religiousness (S/R). Even though various systematic reviews have investigated the association between S/R and improved health outcomes in the most different groups, healthy young individuals are seldom addressed. The aim this study was to evalue the association between S/R and HRQoL among young, healthy individuals.Methods: Systematic review of papers published in the last ten years and indexed in four academic research databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus) and two gray literature databases. Inclusion criteria were studies assessing S/R and HRQoL using validated instruments and assessing healthy adults (i.e., non-clinical patients, not belonging to any specific group of chronic diseases), aged between 18 and 64 years old. Results: Ten out of 1,952 studies met the inclusion criteria: nine cross-sectional and one longitudinal cohort study, in which 89% of the participants were college students. Nine studies report a positive association between S/R and HRQoL, while one study did not report any significant association. The main HRQoL domains associated with S/R were the psychological, social relationships, and environment domains, while the S/R most influent facets/components were optimism, inner strength, peace, high control, hope, and happiness. Conclusions: Higher S/R levels among healthy adult individuals were associated with higher HRQoL levels, suggesting the S/R can be an important strategy to deal with adverse environmental situations even among those without chronic diseases, enhancing the wellbeing of individuals. Registration of systematic review: PROSPERO - CRD42018104047

Effect of aerobic exercise on post-stroke cognitive function: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aliyu Abba ◽  
Olubukola Adebisi Olaleye ◽  
Talhatu Kolapo Hamzat
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
State Examination

Background/Aims Literature suggests that aerobic exercise improves cognitive impairments post stroke. This systematic review was conducted to analyse evidence on the effectiveness of aerobic exercise in improving post-stroke cognitive impairments. Methods Online databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science) were systematically searched from inception until 13 July 2017 using the keywords stroke/exercise/cognition. Clinical trials that met the inclusion criteria were assessed for methodological quality using the PEDro scale. Extracted data were synthesised for evidence. Results A total of seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Participants in most of the studies were aged over 60 years and the majority had ischaemic stroke. The most commonly used measure for assessing cognition was the Mini Mental State Examination. The majority of studies included moderate to high intensity exercise (50–70% of VO2max) for 30–60 minutes three to five times per week. There is moderate evidence that aerobic exercise enhances global cognitive function, attention and working memory. Evidence that aerobic exercise improves memory, levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and executive function is conflicting and limited. Conclusions Aerobic exercise is moderately effective in improving post-stroke cognitive impairments. More clinical trials are needed in view of the methodological limitations and paucity of existing studies.

scholarly journals Mental Health in Health Students during Coronavirus Disease-19: Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (F) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Agus Purnama ◽  
Susaldi Susaldi ◽  
Halma Zahro Mukhlida ◽  
Hilma Hasro Maulida ◽  
Nyimas Heny Purwati
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Conditions

Purpose: This study aims to examine the description of mental health characteristics of health students who conducted studies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The design of this study is to use a systematic review approach by collecting several articles from a database that has been selected consisting of Springer. , ScienceDirect and ProQuest with articles published in 2020. Search for articles was carried out by entering the keyword "mental health AND student AND COVID-19". The search for this article was limited to inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria in this study were health students who were still conducting studies during the COVID-19 pandemic and a cross-sectional study design, while the exclusion criteria were non-health students, only abstracts and books, and letters to the editor. Results: After a search on the selected database, the results are 677 Springer articles, 554 direct articles, and 1348 ProQuest articles. 11 were removed for duplicates, 444 full texts were reviewed and 6 articles matched inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the 6 articles that were reviewed showed that the majority of health students reported mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, stress, and another emotional status. Where moderate and severe levels of anxiety were experienced by some Health students who carried out education during the Covid-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on psychological conditions, especially on health students who are carrying out their education. Students report poor mental health conditions while carrying out home education by learning online during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Pathophysiological and Genetic Aspects of Vascular Calcification

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Escobar Guzman ◽  
Cristian Andres Escobar Guzman ◽  
Neuza Helena Moreira Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Chemical Mediators

Recent evidence suggests that vascular calcification is an independent cardiovascular risk factor (CRF) of morbidity and mortality. New studies point out the existence of a complex physiopathological mechanism that involves inflammation, oxidation, the release of chemical mediators, and genetic factors that promote the osteochondrogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). This review will evaluate the main mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology and genetics modulation of the process of vascular calcification. Objective. A systematic review of the pathophysiology factors involved in vascular calcification and its genetic influence was performed. Methods. A systematic review was conducted in the Medline and PubMed databases and were searched for studies concerning vascular calcification using the keywords and studies published until 2020/01 in English. Inclusion Criteria. Studies in vitro, animal models, and humans. These include cohort (both retrospective and prospective cohort studies), case-control, cross-sectional, and systematic reviews. Exclusion Criteria. Studies before 2003 of the existing literature.

scholarly journals Food Insecurity and Cognitive Function in Middle to Older Adulthood: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzi Na ◽  
Nan Dou ◽  
Naiwen Ji ◽  
Dixin Xie ◽  
Jie Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Global Cognitive Function

ABSTRACT Food insecurity (FI) may limit cognitive functioning during aging. The goal of this systematic review was to summarize existing evidence linking FI and general or specific cognitive functions in middle and older adulthood. A systematic search of human studies published between 1 January 2000 and 30 April 2018 was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, and CAB Direct. Four independent reviewers assessed the eligibility of identified articles and conducted data extraction and data quality assessment. Ten studies were included in the review, including 1 cluster-randomized controlled trial, 2 longitudinal studies, and 7 cross-sectional studies. Three studies reported the association between early-life FI experience and a global cognitive function measure. Nine studies reported later-life FI experience in relation to global or specific cognitive functions. The results suggest an adverse association between FI experienced in early or later life and global cognitive function; and between later-life FI and executive function and memory. Findings from the review are preliminary because of sparse data, heterogeneity across study populations, exposure and outcome assessments, and potential risk of bias across studies. Future studies are recommended to better understand the role of FI in cognitive function, with the goal of identifying possible critical windows for correction of FI in vulnerable subpopulations to prevent neurocognitive deficit in adulthood.

scholarly journals Effects of Chewing Training on Orofacial and Cognitive Function in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review

Cosmetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Ricardo B. Viana ◽  
Wellington F. da Silva ◽  
Claudio A.B. de Lira
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Orofacial Function

Background: There is some evidence showing significant correlations between acute chewing gum and orofacial function, and between acute chewing gum and cognitive function; however, as far as we are aware, little is known about the chronic effects of chewing gum training on cognitive and orofacial functions in healthy adults. Objectives: To evaluate the chronic effects of chewing gum training on orofacial and cognitive functions in healthy adults. Method: Searches of the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, BVS, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Google Scholar were conducted from inception to 14 January 2020. The inclusion criteria used were: clinical trial or randomized controlled trial lasting a minimum of four weeks, chewing gum intervention in at least one arm of the study, presence of a non-exercise control group, study population consisting of healthy adults, study outcomes consisting of orofacial function and/or cognitive function. Results: Starting from 5973 sources, a total of six articles met the inclusion criteria, and they were subjected to a systematic review. The main findings were that chewing gum training improved some variables related to orofacial function. No clear effect of chewing gum training on cognitive function was found. Conclusions: Chronic chewing gum training has an unclear positive effect on specific variables related to orofacial and cognitive function in healthy adults.

Homocysteine Associated With Low Cognitive Function Independent of Asymptomatic Intracranial and Carotid Arteries Stenoses in Chinese Elderly Patients: An Outpatient-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 089198872098891
Author(s):  
Xiaona Wang ◽  
Tian Qiao ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Xiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thcy Level

Introduction: A high homocysteine (Hcy) concentration is correlated with cognitive impairment; however, the exact underlying mechanism is still not fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate whether asymptomatic intracranial and carotid arteries stenoses are involved in Hcy-related low cognitive function. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in outpatient clinics. Residents aged ≥60 years, who came to the Stroke and Rehabilitation Clinic of Shandong Provincial Third Hospital in Jinan, Shandong Province from December 2019 to May 2020 to seek consultation due to abnormal transcranial Doppler reports (eg., increased cerebral blood flow velocity) were eligible. Information including demographics, medical history, lifestyle habits were collected. Fasting blood was used to detect total serum homocysteine level (tHcy). Cerebrovascular magnetic resonance angiography and neck vascular ultrasound examination were used to confirm the diagnosis of intracranial and carotid artery stenoses. The Mini-Mental State Examination was used to assess the cognitive function of each participant. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between tHcy levels and cognitive function. Results: This study included 236 participants (mean age: 64.0 (SD, 7.5) years, female: 58.1%). Multivariable analyses adjusted for several potential confounders, including creatinine and cardiovascular risk factors, showed that tHcy was associated with carotid artery stenosis (CAS). After adjusting for CAS, ICAS and several potential confounders, the association between tHcy level and low cognitive function remained significant (odds ratio: 1.09, 95% confidence interval: (1.03, 1.16), P = 0.032) . Conclusion: Increased serum tHcy level was associated with low cognitive function independent of asymptomatic intracranial and carotid arteries stenoses.

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